• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2002

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2019

The production of traditional cool season grasses in temperate regions is becoming hampered during summer seasons due to water deficit. Thus, incorporating water use efficient warm season annual grasses are generally considered to fill the gap of summer season forage reduction that would offer considerable flexibility and adaptability to respond to forage demand. Teff (Eragrostis teff Zuccagni) Trotter) is, a C4 drought tolerant warm season annual grass primarily grown for grain production, recently gaining interest for forage production particularly during summer season. Previous reports have showed that teff is palatable and has comparable forage biomass and feed quality as compared to other warm season annual grasses which would make it an alternative forage. However, the available data are not comprehensive to explore the potential of teff as forage, hence further assessment of genotype variability and performance along with compatibility study of teff with forage production system of specific environment is key for future utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

This study was carried out from June 1996 to November 1997 to analyze the growth characteristics of the introduced species revegetated on highway cut-slopes. The number of revegetation measures type surveyed were fourteen such as seed-spraying measures, block-sod pitching measures, and hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials. The introduced species for revegetation measures were mostly Festuca arundinancea(cool season grass), Eragrostic curvula(warm season grass), Lolium perenne(cool season grass), Dactylis glomerata(cool season grass), Poa pratensia(cool season grass). The species diversity index of the upper part on highway cut-slopes were greater than that of the middle part and lower part. The growth of introduced species was good on north-facing cut-slope than the others and that was flourish in temperate north forest zone. Also, the introduced species seemed to decrease or disappear, while the ratio of native woody and herb species which were in mature stage seemed to increase.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1997

Although zoysia grass (Zoysia spp.) has a lot of excellent chracteristics as warm-season grass, it have been limited in use due to slow establishment, low seed production, poor shade tolerance and other factors. Breeding trials have been continued from 1900's, much attentions have been paid especially in U.S.A., Korea and Japan recently. In U.S.A., more than 24 varieties had been evaluated at National Turfgrass Evaluation Program(NTEP) from 1991 to 1995 and some were regsistered as commercial. After the 6th International Turfgrass Research Conference at Japan in 1989, Japan Turfgrass In-corporation (JTI) sponsored by private companies and government carried out breeding programs for pest, salt, and shade tolerant and herbicide resistant varieties. JTI also has been trying to im-prove vigor and breed evergreen zoysia Korean breeders collected germplasms since 1960's. After USDA breeders came to Korean penesula in 1982, Korean breeders joined with USDA zoysia breeding project for several years. Many interspecific hybrids and natural selected varieties were breeded that period both in U.S.A and Korea. Breeding objectives were to extend green color period, improve leaf quality and density, and better leaf color at dormant stage. Since 1990's, zoysia grass breeding trials are getting more diverse in many points such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay for ecotype identification. The objectives of this study are to evaluate germplasms in Korea, and also review the present status and future prospect in zoysia grass breeding in the world.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of roof membrane on light environment that influence on turfgrass growth under domed stadium. Roof structure on experimental plot was constructed with PTFE and PE same as Busan Asiad Main Stadium. Tested turfgrass species were combinations of cool-season grasses(Kentucky Bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, $KBG80+PR20\%,\;KBG33+PR33+Fine fescue33\%)$ and warm-season grasses(zoysiagrass, 'An-yang middle-leaf, 'Zenith', Bermudagrass) established with seeding or sodding. The experimental set-up and research work were initiated November 1999 and finished on August 2000 at near Busan Asiad Main Stadium. By the result of computer simulation of daylight radiant energies on the turf surface were lower than needs of normal sport turf growth. The shortage of radiant resulted pest infection on cool-season grass mixture compared with warm-season. But turf color and density showed the best results on Kentucky bluegrass or its mixture plot. Over all the results showed that the best quality of turfgrass growth was occurred on full sun area, and the next was under PTFE membrane. The application of artificial lighting system may increase the turfgrass growth under domed stadium(partially) covered with roof membrane.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

This study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 to explore the feasibility of the cultivation of warm-season grass as an annual Korean forage crop, while concurrently evaluating the characteristics and forage production of warm-season grass in Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Five bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two teffgrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars, and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the middle region of Korea. After seeding, the numbers of days until seedling emergence for bermudagrass and kleingrass were observed at approximately day 11 and day 12, respectively. The heading dates of teffgrass and kleingrass were on July 12 and July 26, respectively. The dry matter (DM) yield of bermudagrass Tifton 85 was usually greater than the other entries. The crude protein content (CPC) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for the teffgrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. The acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2006

This study was designed to determine what sensor-based technologies might reliably and accurately predict irrigation scheduling needs of warm-season turfgrass. 'Floratam' St. Augustinegrass[Stenotaphrum secundatum(Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Sea Isle I' seashore paspalum(Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) were established in tubs in the Envirotron Turfgrass Research Laboratory in Gainesville, FL in the spring of 2002. Each grass was subjected to repeated dry-down cycles where irrigation was withheld. Sensor-based data were collected and these evaluations were used to determine if irrigation scheduling could be determined based on plant response during dry-down. Results indicated that reflectance indices($P{\le}0.001$) and soil moisture($P{\le}0.0001$) throughout the dry-down cycle can predict the need for irrigation scheduling as turf quality declined below acceptable levels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

The need for insect and mite resistant turfgrass cultivars arose because of problems associated with pesticide use. Representative cultivars and genotypes of 18 warm-season turfgrass [Zoysia japonica Steud., Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybrids, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifotia hybrids, Z. matrella (L.) Merr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., C. dactylon${\times}$C. transvallensis hybrids, Paspalum notatum Flugge., P. vaginatum Swartz., Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) and Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] and 20 cool-season turfgrasses [Poa pratensis L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L., F. rubra var. commutata Gaud., F. ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. palustris Huds., and Latium perenne L.] were evaluated for host resistance to feeding by the Spodoptera depravata (Butler) in the laboratory. Two experiments were set up in the laboratory using 8.5cm diameter${\times}$4.0cm deep plastic petri dishes as larvae feeding chambers. In experiment 1, one neonate larvae were place on the grass in each dish and the dishes were arranged with 5 replicates each within an environmental chamber maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and 15h light: 9h dark Larval survival and larval weights at 7d and 14d, pupal weights, and days to pupation were compared among turfgrasses. In Experiment 2, 4cm sections of all grasses were oriented equidistant from each other in a pattern resembling the spokes of a wheel. Five one neonate larvae were introduced to the center of each dish. Dishes were immediately placed in an environmental chamber held at $25^{\circ}C$, 15h light: 9h dark Larvae were allowed to feed for 24h. Damage was rated from 0(no damage) to 9(completely consumed) were made for eachturfgrass. Resistance as antibiosis (high mortality, slowed growth, and least preference) was identified in Z. japonica${\times}$Z. tenuifolia hybirids ‘Emerald’, Z. japonica${\times}$Z. metrella hybirds ‘Miyako’ and Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.). Cool-season turfgrasses tested were susceptible to feeding by Spodoptera depravata (Butler).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Field studies were conducted from the years 2009 to 2012 in order to determine the cultivation limit as well as to evaluate the characteristics and forage production of warm season grass in Korea. Two bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars, two bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars and a Kleingrass [Panicum coloratum L.] cultivar were compared for forage production and quality in the mid-southern regions of Korea. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The number of days to seedling emergence for bremudagrass and bahiagrass was observed as approximately 12 days and 28 days after seeding, respectively. In Kwangju, the heading dates of bahiagrass and kleingrass were 21 August and 10 July, respectively,. Warm season grass did not winter in the mid-regions (Kimjea, Cheonan) of Korea. All of the Bermudagrass cultivars had higher dry matter (DM) than bahiagrass at the first harvest. The dry matter yield of kleingrass was usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Peak forage DM production of bermudagrass and bahiagrass cultivars occurred in June and July, respectively. The contents of crude protein (CP) and total digestibility nutrient (TDN) for bermudagrass cultivars were usually greater than the other entries at all study sites. Further, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) were similar across all cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the hydroseeding timing of several herbaceous plants for the slope revegetation works. Four native plants and five introduced grasses were used for this experiment and were seeded on the cut slopes by hands in April, May, June, September and October. To identify the best seeding timing, germination percentage, ground covering rate, number of tillers and plant heights were investigated. There were wide differences in germination and ground covering rates of native plants are lower than those of cool-season foreign grasses and they show different germination rates according to seeding timing. Among them, Arundinella hirta var. ciliata shows the most apparent germinatin pattern according to seeding timing. 2. Seeding timing : Native plants tend to germinate well in May and June and cool-season foreign grasses in May and September. But Native plants show extremely low germination rates in autumn, so it is necessary to adjust the seeding rates when seeding in autumn. When seeding in May, it will be possible to use native plants-seed-mixture without using introduced foreign grasses. In sum, the best seeding timing of cool-season foreign grasses are May and September, and warm-season foreign grass is May and June. The best seeding timing of native plants seem to be in May and June.