• 건축역사연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2000

In this research, we analyzed the activities of Japanese architectural offices in Korea during the Japanese occupation era, classifying them into two groups: first, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea, and second, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Japan. There were totally 98 Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea during the Japanese occupation period. The number of those offices had increased rapidly since 1920s. Nakamura(the design of bank buildings), Tamada(the design of theaters), Otsumi(the design of Japanese style residential houses) can be regarded as the most remarkable Japanese architectural offices among them. We found that these offices already specialized in certain architectural planning fields, such as bank buildings, theaters and residential houses. It was also found that, during the Pacific War period, even privately-managed architectural offices were mobilized for the war by Japanese government, through designing munitions factories, etc. On the one hand, since some large Japanese corporations entered into Korea, many Japanese architectural offices, that had their bases in Japan, got into working in Korea and designed a number of buildings, with the exception of the architectural office of Vories, who was a Christian architect. Even though the place that the activities of these Japanese architectural offices were carried out was Korea, any factors of Korean architectural style couldn't be found In their works. This means that they just transplanted the Japanese modern architectural style in Korea.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.25-38
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• 1999

After Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 was over and the situation was coped with, Chang-Kyoung Palace and Chang-Duk Palace were rebult, and In-Kyung Palace and Kyung-Duk Palace were built during the reign of Kwang Hae Kun. Many utilitarians were engaged with the construction as a manager, and they devoted themselves to improve technology. As a result, craftsmen were treated so valuable, compared to the past, that they were consulted about the technical problems under construction, the process of making an estimate, and the management of construction materials. Moreover, famous craftsmen obtained the government service. And there were various attempts on organizing and compensating workmen in order to manage them efficiently. In addition, the know-how of manufacturing a blue tile, which had been failed to succeed due to the war, was revived, and manufacturing a yellow tile, which had not been used, was studied by utilitarians. Finally, There were many kind of technical attempts and development under the construction of palaces, which gave utilitarians a chance to express their ideas, expected practical science, and assembled craftsmen who had scattered due to the war, during the reign of Kwang Hae Kun

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

일차대전 전의 프랑스 수학사는 괄목할 만 하였으나 일차대전 후 프랑스는 독일과 영국에 비하여 완전히 진공 상태였다. 이에 젊은 프랑스 수학자들은 독일로부터 크게 자극을 받아 Bourbaki학파를 생성하고 때마침 사회적으로나 정치적으로 생성된 구조주의(structuralism)와 발맞추어 수학의 구조적 접근을 시도하였다. 우리는 Bourbaki의 생성 과정과 발전 단계를 알아보고 그 구성원들과 그들이 심혈을 기울여 집필한 책들, 그리고 업적에 대하여 조사한 후 Bourbaki학파의 쇠퇴 과정을 살펴 본다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of precious metal and gem stores, and to derive the characteristics of this period from the government, industry, and consumers. Correspondingly, the contents of daily newspaper articles during this period were analyzed using Naver's news library search engine. The historical development process is as follows. Before the Korean War, precious metal jewelers operated in Jongno, Namdaemun, and Chungmuro, dealing with gold, silver, and platinum. Large stores not only sold jewelry and watches, but also functioned as craftsmen and watch repairers. After the war, a shopping district for precious metals and jewelry was formed around Midopa Department Store. By 1963, the number of jewelry stores in Seoul increased to about 130 and to about 280 by 1966. The characteristics of the government, industry, and consumers are as follows. The government continued to implement a policy to regulate the precious metal and jewelry industry. Despite challenges, the industry exhibited the potential for foreign currency acquisition and growth through domestic amethyst. Consumers could access information regarding precious metal jewelry in daily newspapers. In the late 1960s, various types of jewelry were distributed in line with an increase in income levels.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

This study aimed to elucidate the architectural characteristics of the cathedral architecture of the Archdiocese of Gwangju, which was completed in the period of liberation and turbulence, and the conclusions are as follows. Gwangju Archdiocese Cathedral, completed during the period of liberation and turbulence, was built with some assistance from the U.S. military or with the efforts of the faithful, and there are a number of factors such as space directing by Aps, the development of a simplified bell tower, the appearance of a stone cathedral, the application of a quenset structure, and an increase in size. show special features The indented apse appears only after liberation, and is a characteristic that appears prominently in stone churches. The simplified form in which the bell was hung by raising the outer wall appeared in the early church shows a change in the composition with a porch in front. The stone church and the quanset-structured church only appeared after liberation and were built only in the 1950s. The size of the cathedral reflects the increase in the number of believers after the Korean War, and the average area is about 1.5 times higher than before liberation. When considering the spacing of the bays as a module, the size plan followed the implicit norm of early cathedral architecture of 36.5m, but gradually decreased to 2.7m and 2.4m.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2023

호주군은 1899년 제2차 보어전쟁에 참전한 이후, 제1·2차 세계대전, 6·25전쟁, 베트남 전쟁 등에 참전하였다. 호주군은 전쟁의 장기화로 나타난 군인의 사회적 인지도 하락과 지속적인 병력 부족 현상을 극복하기 위해 여성인력의 지위와 역할을 지속 확장하였다. 제2차 보어전쟁 간 의료지원으로 시작한 여성인력의 역할은 제2차 세계대전 시기 통신, 정비, 운전, 비밀문서 관리, 레이더 감시 등 전투 지원 임무로 확대되었다. 베트남 전쟁 이후 각 군 참모총장은 여성의 군 참여 확대를 위한 위원회를 설치하고 여성이 아닌 군인으로 인정하는 정책을 시행했다. 전쟁과 평화유지 활동에서 여성인력의 활약은 2014년, 특수부대를 포함한 모든 전투 직위가 여성에게 개방되는 계기가 되었고, 각 군은 2030년까지 여성 비율을 증가하는 계획을 수립하였다. 우리나라 역시 최근 지속되는 저출산문제로 인구절벽과 병력 가용자원 부족 문제가 대두되고 있는바 본 연구를 통해 호주군의 여성인력 활용의 역사와 현재의 모습을 통해 우리 군이 나아가야 할 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-41
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• 1986

In the history of costume, coat can be traced up to ancient Persia but it was generalized as today's style around 14th an d15th century in Euro[pe. World wars, revolutions and rapid social changes of the last 80 years have produced more changes in the way people dress than any comparable period in history. Thewse changes enabled emergence of more modernized woman's garments and through it, dress and coat ensemble became public's main fashion. In 1920's after world war I, boyish style in woman's garment was in vogue. Woman's coat was also in the same style with length sortened up to the knee level and silhoutte was straighter and semi-fitted than previous period. Length of the coat was longer in late 1930's but shortened again in 1940's. And the most popular silhouette of both 30's and 40's was shape of the hourglass which was commonly called the "X-shape". Also double=breasted coat with fitted waistline, belt and flare skirt was in vogue. In 1950's and 60's, with the variety of lines in woman's garments, silhouette of the coat also appeared in many different forms. Along with the various shapes, color of the coat changed throughout the decades : dark colors in 20's, bright colors in 30's, mixed colors of 20's and 30's in 40's and in 50's, color had changed to archromatic. In fabric, wool was most popular in all periods. However, such gabrics as tweed, cotton, gaberdine, linen were added to give variety. It is very interesting to see collars trimmed with expensive furs were very popular in 20's and 30's but it almost disappeared in 40's and fur trimming reappeared in late 50's. In addtion to silhouette changes in design, details such as buttons, epaulettes, pockets and fur trimming of hemline were emphasizing points of varieties in design. This study has set time limits world war I which was the period coat became major fashion of woman's clothing, to 1960's.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2012

The historical turbulence between China and Japan started from the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, and culminated in Japan's invasion of China during World War Two (the Second Sino-Japanese War) between 1937 and 1945. A series of wars caused huge human and material losses in both countries, and both experienced comprehensive transformations during and after the wars. The impact of this historical turbulence is so long-lasting that it still influences both countries' social psyche. Moreover, it continues casting a long shadow upon the current Sino-Japanese relations. The recent turbulence in Sino-Japanese relations partly stems from the historical turbulence. It is much less violent but can also be emotional and worrisome. It started from the early 1980s (the Japanese history textbook controversy in 1982 and the 1985 anti-Japanese student protests in China), and culminated in the anti-Japanese mass demonstrations in multiple Chinese cities in 2005 (Bush 2010; Gries 2005; Reilly 2012; Stockmann 2010; Weiss 2008). In addition to dramatic demonstrations on streets, there are also other forms of movements, such as war reparations movements, in which Chinese war victims demand reparations from the Japanese state and companies (Rose 2005; Xu and Fine 2010; Xu and Pu 2010). Although the tension has existed for many years and surfaced from time to time, the eruption of the nationwide anti-Japanese movements in China in 2005 still shocked many outside observers. Many scholars have tried to explain the anti-Japanese sentiment within current Chinese society that underlies and drives these social movements. Through careful reexamination of the existing literature, this article proposes an explanation for the anti-Japanese sentiment from a perspective that stresses the shifting state-society interaction in China's Japan policy. Specifically, the totalitarian Chinese state's neglect and suppression of genuine social concerns regarding Japan in earlier years, followed by a relatively liberalized state that tolerates societal participation in Sino-Japanese relations, are an importance source of the anti-Japanese sentiment recently observed in China.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information about the formation background of urban squatter and their housing state in Korea. This study was progressed on the basis of socio-historical point of view from the opening of a port to the after the Korean War. In that sense, this study considered meaning of housing for urban squatter in the Korean housing history. For this study, the formation background of the urban squatter was divided into three periods. The first period was after the opening of a port (1876-1910) when the inflow of Japanese and their plundering from Korea started. The second was Japanese occupation period (1910-1945) which contributed to increase the number of Tomak (mud hut) and made the Tomak-min's village. The third period was Korean war & postwar years (1945-1953). This period was divided into three parts again; after the Korean independence (1945-1950), during the Korean War (1950-1953), and after the Korean War (1953-). The urban squatter was settled in the national land and the public land in each period and experienced the severe housing shortage. The government of the time could not protect the urban squatter from the special national states such as the Japanese rule and the Korean War.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

Objectives : Features of military medicine and war pattern at the time Methods : "Haeng Gun Bang Pyeon Pyeon Bang", military medicine literature, that allows pattern of ancient war to be inferred was considered. First, background of this literature formation was examined, and the contents included were arranged based on table of contents. Lastly, pattern of war at the time and role of military medicine were studied through the meaning of times and medicine in this book. Results : This book was written by Naseyo(羅世瑤, of an unidentifiable period), an intellectual of Qing Period(淸代) in the 2nd year of Emperor Xianfeng(咸豊 2, 1852). It was composed of total 3 volumes and a book, and 684 prescriptions were written under 6 large sections(大門). Conclusions : This book was written in the middle of spirit of the times of national prosperity and military power caused by defeat in the Opium War and popular publication in a series, an academic current of the times. Though there were many treatments about external wound in this book, thoughts of armed forces and combat by people of the time were reflected, including drying method(乾法) making portable foods, drinking control method(戒酒法) to resolve drinking(飮酒) problem in the armed forces, treatment method of infectious disease, information collection method from enemy troops by confession, and various treatments for diseases of military horse. It is expected that this book will be good material for studies in the field of military medicine and used as material for diverse combination studies such as history and military science.