• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.81-90
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• 2022

It is difficult to conduct an on-site investigation of Kaesung since it's located in North Korea. After the devastating Korean civil war we have lost a lot of authentic structures. At present, the statement of those who have seen the Kaesung during the time would be of great help in bringing out the significance of this study. According to Ma Hae-song, who was a local in Kaesung. He vividly remembered how his neighborhood looks like and he even mentioned the every single detail of his house in his essay. Moreover he also compared the traditional Han-ok in the former time from the household of other countries. There was an extraordinary interest and insight in Han-ok. This study estimated Ma hae-song's Gaesuong house based on Ma hae-song's personal and supplementary records. the contents by exchanging e-mails with his eldest son, poet Ma Jong-ki. Through the above process, it was confirmed that the writer Mahae Song's Gaeseong House was a typical wealthy merchant's house located in Donghaerang, a luxury residential area, and was engaged in commerce.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 2021

The traditional Korean heating system ondol, one of the most important characteristics of Korean architecture, still remains as hydronic floor heating. Various studies have been conducted on the modernization of ondol, but the process of introducing the hydronic floor heating has not been seriously studied so far. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate how the hydronic floor heating had been introduced to Korea, taking the 1950s and 1960s Haengchon, Jongam, and Mapo Apartments for example - these three are regarded as the first Korean apartment houses after the Korean War. While Western advanced construction technology was imported for these apartments, various methods of modernizing ondol were also considered. What was remarkable in these attempts is that hydronic floor heating first appeared in Mapo 1st Apartment in 1962, because this is the universal heating method in the present Korea. This fact signifies that the traditional principle of floor heating has been maintained, and it would also be meaningful in terms of architectural exchanges between East and West, if considered along with Wright's application of the Korean heating principle to his houses since 1930s.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

The present study examines the connections and effects of these historical events on South Korea's education system. The research seeks to illuminate private education's complex history and the complex factors that have shaped it by examining these historical trajectories. After the Korean War in the mid-20th century, South Korea went from agrarian to industrial, which shaped private education. Unparalleled economic growth in the 1960s and 1980s altered schooling. South Korea quickly became an industrial powerhouse, and education became crucial for families seeking socioeconomic advancement. The growing middle class, believing education was the key to prosperity, demanded more extra education. South Korean private education's fourth major event occurred during the socioeconomic upheavals of the 1960s-1980s. Prior studies explain how the fast transition from agrarian to industrial society made schooling essential for families seeking upward mobility. Due to the demand for extra education, private tutoring and specialist hagwons flourished. In summary, this study insists that the effects of historical events on South Korean private education demonstrate the interconnection of cultural, economic, and sociological aspects. Educational practitioners must comprehend the historical backdrop, recognize the lasting impact of past events, and use literature-based tools to navigate this complex landscape.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Immediately after liberation, Shin Kwang-ryul served as the director of the Shinbukcheong People's General Hospital, and defected to South Korea alone in December 1945 with hostility to the Soviet military government. Later, he joined the political operation team (政治工作隊) and was dispatched to the Sinbuk Office as a member of Hamgyeong-do's committee. However, after this was revealed, his wife was taken to the security and tortured to death. Later, when he learned about this, he left a Wolnam Yuseo (越南遺書) and decided to commit suicide. He left politics and started a new family while running a pharmacy. In 1950, he fled Dangjin, Chungnam, during the Korean War and opened an East Asian medical clinic. In 1955, he passed the Korean Medical Examination and opened Cheongpa Oriental Medicine Clinic in Asan, Chungcheongnam-do. In 1969, he ran an East Asian medical clinic in Dohwa-dong, Mapo, Seoul, and moved to Hongeun-dong in 1972 to open Hamnam Oriental Clinic. At this time he wrote a Cheongpa Pharmacy Summary (靑坡驗方要訣). In his later years, he treated poor patients for free, and he continued to work even though he was unwell due to a broken spine. He died in 1980 leaving behind a "proud mind".

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.183-201
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• 2002

Since the end of the Cold War, debate about the grand struggle between capitalism and communism has been largely replaced by debate about religious sectarianism. Some have even referred to a "clash of civilizations" in the wake of the spread of Islamic fundamentalism. This is in fact an old debate, but it has been given new life by arguments about globalization and economic development as envisioned by the West, and especially by the terrorist attacks in New York on September 11, 2001. While the political right has had little difficulty treating religious belief as a fundamental human and social interest, much of the political left has remained committed to secular Enlightenment, even when it criticizes the hegemony of the West. The dispute depends upon competing notions of history, secularism, and progress, and ultimately on the possibility or desirability of universal solidarity. While for many a world unified by one religion may no longer make sense, the old Enlightenment dream that a single version of secular and universal reason will eventually prevail over religious difference may also need to be reconsidered. The process that we call secularization is neither as singular, nor as transparent, as we might think.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

The model of success in South Korea from a pariah state coming from the ruins of the Korean War into a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) with a trillion dollar economy is encouraging. The Korean economic experience in terms of entrepreneurship and poverty reduction is an intriguing jig saw puzzle to researchers. This paper looks at Korean entrepreneurship history from the 1960s and how it shaped the contemporary sustainable economic development success of the Korean economy. Using a qualitative approach, the study used the Korean case study in comparison with Sub Saharan Africa to explore five powerful lessons on how the region can replicate the Korean entrepreneurship experience. The study shows that entrepreneurship was key to the radical transformation of its economy and government was instrumental in latent nurturing of Korean entrepreneurial spirit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.217-227
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• 1997

Costume of each age reflects its own history. Military costume is an reflections of war, social and geometrical background. Soldiers on their uniforms were at the battlefields with their lives and country on their shoulders. The main purpose of this writing is to study military costume of ancient empires in historical Point of view including especially those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, Greece, Etruria, Rome. As we will see, ancient military costume developed from earlier stages of uniforms into military costume in various ways. The types of military costume formed itself gradually but rapidly into sophisticated, useful, and excellent quality clothes. Military costume of early ancient empires signified its strength and were actual and symbolic costume that determined life and death, glory and disgrace.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.10
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• pp.7-23
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• 2010

In this paper I examine Cesare Cattaneo and Mario Radice's Camerlata Fountain in northern Italy, focusing on the work's relation to the urban environment and its "mobility" over several decades. As I demonstrate, the design of Cattaneo and Radice's work relates to the circular layout of a traffic intersection and was intended to be viewed from the window of a moving automobile. In this way it continues a tradition, begun by the Futurists and continued by Le Corbusier, who saw the car as central to modern art and architecture. Moreover, the work relates to the concept of mobility in so far as it was in itially built in 1936 in Milan and subsequently destroyed and reconstructed during 1962 in its current location near Como. As the history of the work's conception, production and reception demonstrates, Cattaneo and Radice's work not only responds to the experience of vehicle-generated mobility in modern society but also reveals the tensions and anxieties associated with an increasingly dynamic urban environment.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2009

Hakka is a very special sub-ethnic group in China, which was formed during several migrations in Chinese war history. Today the majority of Hakka people, living in the boundary between Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian province, still keep a quite old custom and culture. The bell hat for children is a unique and splendid illustration. We have imposed researches and studies in local area a lot and interviewed the local crafts-women to get to know more about bell hat. We are trying to describe the decorations on the bell hat, silver items and embroidery respectively, and then give an overall analysis of Chinese auspicious culture that the motifs of decorations have contained.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

From the viewpoint of color perspective, black has more obvious effects to impart images than dress itself This study aims to examine black dress through the fashion history to highlight the aesthetic value of black and to make better use of black in designing. Black in fashion, particularly in the guise of the little black dress, became an indispensable feature of cosmpolitan style after World War I. Designers harnessed the power of black, drawn irresistibly to its innate qualities of drama and strength of line. For the past five hundred years, aside from the use of black for mourning as well as for religious, academic, legal and ceremonial dress, black with a greater or lesser dominance has been a fashion constant. Since then black has been an important color in fashion. How to use black in formative designs should be studied continuously.