• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

Purpose: Heat transfer analysis of recently developed 'slim type double-skin system window' were presented. This window system is designed for curtain wall type façade that main energy loss factor of recent elegant buildings. And the double skin system is the dual window system integrated with inner shading component, enclosed gap space made by two windows when both windows were closed and shading component effectively reflect and terminate solar radiation from outdoor. Usually double-skin system requires much more space than normal window systems but this development has limited by 270mm, facilitated for curtain wall façade buildings. In this study, we estimated thermophysical phenomena of our double-skin curtain wall system window with solar load conditions at the summer season. Method: A fully 3-Dimentional analysis adopted for flow and convective and radiative heat transfer. The commercial CFD package were used to model the surface to surface radiation for opaque solid region of windows' frame, transparent glass, fluid region at inside of double-skin and indoor/outdoor environments. Result: Steep angle of solar incident occur at solar summer conditions. And this steep solar ray cause direct heat absorption from outside of frame surface rather than transmitted through the glass. Moreover, reflection effect of shading unit inside at the double-skin window system was nearly disappeared because of solar incident angle. With this circumstances, double-skin window system effectively cuts the heat transfer from outdoor to indoor due to separation of air space between outdoor and indoor with inner space of double-skin window system.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn't transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemicsin the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2005

평행평판 도파관의 윗면에 2차원적 주기적인 슬롯이 배열된 구조에서 회절특성에 중점을 두어 해석하였다. 주기적인 슬롯배열은 한 축은 무한 슬롯 배열로 두고 다른 축은 유한개의 슬롯 배열로 구성된다. 평행편판 도파관 내부로 입사되는 전자파는 일부 반사되고 일부는 슬롯을 통하여 복사되며 나머지는 주기적인 슬롯이 있는 영역을 넘어 투과하게 된다. 이러한 경우에 평행평판 도파관의 높이, 단일 슬롯의 크기, 그리고 슬롯 배열의 주기에 따라 반사, 복사 그리고 투과되는 전력을 수치 계산하여 살펴보았다. 이러한 연구는 TFT-LCD와 PDP 구조의 됫면에 장착되는 주기적인 원형개구 구조를 이용하는 환기구조 설계에 유익할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5619-5626
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• 2015

천광(Zenithal Light)은 벽의 높은 곳에 위치한 창이나 지붕의 열린 부분으로부터 내부 혹은 중정과 같은 내부와 비슷한 공간에서 하강하면서 들어오는 빛으로, 본 연구에서는 이러한 천광을 이루는 천창의 다양한 사례들과 함께 빛이 들어오는 방식에 대한 유형을 구분하고 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 즉, 천창의 가장 큰 특징을 형성하는 것 중 하나로서 빛을 실내에 유입하는 구조적인 장치에 주목하고 이러한 장치인 매개체에 따라 크게 직사광형 덕트형, 쉐이드형으로 구분하고, 각각 세부적으로 변형된 유형으로 나누었다. 즉, 직사광형은 광원 비노출형과 광원 노출형으로 덕트형천창은 집중형과 분산형으로, 쉐이드형은 천정면형, 반사판형, 이중천창형, 수직벽면형 등으로 구분될 수 있다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2022

Secondary batteries used in electric vehicles have a potential risk of ignition and explosion. Various safety measures are being taken to prevent these risks. A numerical study was performed using a computational fluid dynamics code on the cases where pressure relief vents that can reduce the blast overpressures of batteries were installed in the through-compression test room, short-circuit drop test room, combustion test room, and immersion test room in facilities rleated to battery used in electric vehicles. This study was conducted using the weight of TNT equivalent to the energy release from the battery, where the the thermal runaway energy was set to 324,000 kJ for the capacity of the lithium-ion battery was 90 kWh and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery of 100%. The explosion energy of TNT (△H_TNT) generally has a range of 4,437 to 4,765 kJ/kg, and a value of 4,500 kJ/kg was thus used in this study. The dimensionless explosion efficiency coefficient was defined as 15% assuming the most unfavorable condition, and the TNT equivalent mass was calculated to be 11 kg. The internal explosion generated in a test room shows the very complex propagation behavior of blast waves. The shock wave generated after the explosion creates reflected shock waves on all inner surfaces. If the internally reflected shock waves are not effectively released to the outside, the overpressures inside are increased or maintained due to the continuous reflection and superposition from the inside for a long time. Blast simulations for internal explosion targeting four test rooms with pressure relief vents installed were herein conducted. It was found that that the maximum blast overpressure of 34.69 bar occurred on the rear wall of the immersion test room, and the smallest blast overpressure was calculated to be 3.58 bar on the side wall of the short-circuit drop test room.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2003

This study aimed at understanding the spatial characteristics in the Tugendhat house. For this study, it is need to analyze the early plans of the Tugendhat house design process. To analyze this, the study leads to how to effect on the real practice with the process. Therefore, this research investigates the conceptional design process of the house. There are 2 main characteristics of the interior space alternation. One is the closed spatial character on the 2nd floor, the other is the open spatial character on the 1st floor. It clearly shows the severance between interior and exterior on the 2nd floor. Each 2nd floor's space volume uses different materials so that each the space can show the individuality. On the 1st floor, however, it seems the interior is not as much open to the exterior, because the materiality and reflection of the glass, the objet of furniture and wall. In case of 1st floor, it has a complex concept as open and close character, because it is using the proper gardening elements and the relationship between the house and site. The exterior characteristic is separated the house from the ground with the podium and the slope, and this leads to have the discontinuity. The house clearly shows the spatial characteristics of the continuity and discontinuity, it proves that Mies tried to move onto modem architecture as a turning point.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 실내 환경에서 전파의 전달특성을 모델링하기 위해 광선추적법을 이용한 2차원 ray-tracing 시뮬레이터를 구현하였고, 이를 통해 다중 벽면으로 구성된 환경에서 ray의 전파 경로를 분석하고 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 구현된 광선추적법의 경로 패턴 및 시간지연 분포는 동일한 무선 환경에서 수행된 이전의 실험 결과와 비슷한 결과가 나타남을 확인하였으며, 송수신 거리 및 방사각에 따른 수신반경의 조절이 타당함을 확인하였다. 특히 비가시거리 송수신 환경에서 다중 벽면을 투과한 ray가 반사와 투과를 형성하여 수신기에 도달할 때까지의 channel profile은 기존 연구의 실험 결과와 유사함을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2016

The present study focuses on the characteristics of a supersonic jet flowing from a rectangular nozzle exit on a flat plate. Flow visualization techniques using schlieren and kerosene-lampblack tracing are utilized to investigate shock reflection structures and boundary-layer separations over a flat plate. Wall pressure measurements are also carried out to quantitatively analyze the flow structures. All observations are repeated for multiple jet flow boundary conditions by varying the flap length and nozzle pressure ratio. The experimental results show that the jet flow structures over the flat plate are highly three-dimensional with strong bleeding flows from the plate sides, and that they are sensitive to plate length and nozzle pressure ratio. A multi-component force measurement device is also utilized to observe the characteristics of the jet flow thrust vectoring over the plate. The maximum thrust deflection angle of the jet is about $8^{\circ}$, demonstrating the applicability of thrust vector control via a flat plate installed at the nozzle exit.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

본 논문은 소오스 분포법(Source Distribution Method)을 사용하여 측벽 반사효과를 고려한 수치파수조에서의 방향스펙트럼파의 재현과 규칙파로부터 구해진 조파기의 진폭 전달함수를 적용시켜 부산대학교 예인수조에서 실험적으로 재현한 장파정 불규칙파 및 방향스펙트럼파에 대한 연구결과이다. 수치적 재현의 경우 최적의 조파기 설계를 위하여 파 주기의 변화에 따라 조파판과 수조폭을 변화시켜 방향분포함수의 변화를 고찰하였다. 실험적 재현의 경우 장파정 불규칙파와 방향스펙트럼파에 대해서 수조의 길이방향 변화에 따른 파워 스펙트럼 및 통계적 특성치를 비교하여 그 차이점을 살펴보았다. 방향스펙트럼파의 경우 방향분포함수의 변화도 살펴보았다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제24권10B호
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• pp.1876-1884
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• 1999

차세대 근거리 무선 통신망 및 무선 사설교환기 시스템들을 위해서 2.5GHz 대역의 주파수대역이 광범위하게 사용될 것이 기대된다. 이러한 시스템을 옥내에 설치하여 효율적으로 운용하기 위해서는 전파의 전파 특성의 이해가 중요하다 하겠다. 이 주파수대역의 파장의 길이가 건물의 크기에 비해 상당히 작으므로 광추적 기법을 이용한 전파 전파 예측방식이 많이 개발되고 있다. 그러나 광추적 기법의 정확도는 샐내외 벽에서 전파의 반사 및 투과 특성에 의존하는 바가 상당하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현대 건축물에 흔히 많이 쓰이는 석고보드 벽과 시멘트 블록 벽의 전자파 특성을 이론적 및 실험적으로 분석하였다.