• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physical activity pattern, activity coefficient, basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure of female university students. One-day activity diaries were collected from 95 female university students in Seoul. Body composition was measured by Inbody 720. Subjects spent 7 hr 8min on sleeping, 6 hr 31min on studying, 2 hr 50min on physiological activity, 2 hr 3min on leisure, 2 hr 2min on walking and jogging, 1 hr 58 min on commuting and 22min on house chores. The activity coefficient of these subjects was 1.58. The comparison of body composition of subjects according to PAL showed that body weight, body fat mass, arm circumference and arm muscle circumference of physically active group were significantly higher than those of the sedentary group. BMR calculated by Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula and DRI formula and BMR measured by Inbody 720 was 1375 kcal, 1306 kcal and 1209 kcal, respectively. Total energy expenditure (TEE) examined by one-day activity diaries and calculated by H-B formula and estimated energy requirement (EER) formula in DRI was 2102.1 kcal, 2184.4 kcal, and 2164.5 kcal, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between TEE examined by one-day activity diaries and H-B TEE was 0.795 (p < 0.001) while that between TEE examined and DRI EER was 0.604 (p < 0.001). Overall data indicated that female university students seemed to be less active. Therefore it is recommended that universities develop good exercise programs for their students. Further studies are needed to generate more meaningful results with a larger sample size and using machine attached to the body, which are able to detect physical activity more accurately.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.374-382
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• 2017

개인의 건강 관리를 위해 보행 운동이 강조되면서 보행 정보 서비스의 요구가 많아지고 있다. 최근 스마트폰이 보급되면서 건강 관리 보조를 위한 보행수 측정 앱이 개발되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 앱은 보행 외의 움직임이나 진동을 보행으로 인지하여 보행수가 증가되거나, 다양한 스마트폰 소지위치에서 다른 정확도를 보이는 등의 문제점이 제기되었다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 스마트폰의 가속도 센서와 근접 센서를 이용하여 소지위치에 상관없이 정확한 보행수를 측정할 수 있는 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 스마트폰의 6가지 소지위치별 임계값 범위를 설정하여 미검출 및 과검출의 오류를 최소화하였고 노이즈를 제거하기 위해 잠금구간을 설정하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 구현 결과 6가지 소지위치를 인식하였고 상용화된 앱과 비교실험을 통하여 제안하는 기법의 정확도가 높음을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of the balance ability on the heel height (flat, low heel[3cm], and high heel[7cm]) and high heeled habituation (group A is used to a low heeled shoes (<7cm) and group B is used to a high heeled shoes (${\geq}7cm$). Thirty-five subjects participated in this study. In this study, the static balance with opened eyes and closed eyes and dynamic balance were measured. Also functional reach test was tested. The results found that the static balance ability was the best in a 7cm heeled shoes with open eyes and closed eyes, but there was not significant difference between group A and Group B. Dynamic balance ability with walking velocity and cadence were significant difference between Group A and B. In the walking velocity, a flat was the fastest, followed by 7cm heel and 3cm heel with Group A while 3cm and 7cm, then a flat with Group B. Also Cadence pattern was similar. Functional balance ability was the highest with a flat, but it was not difference significantly between Group A and B. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the habituation to the high heel altered gait velocity and cadence of dynamic balance ability.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2003

Rooftop greenery has been used as a way to solve urban environmental problems by creating green space in densely populated cities. This study was carried out to suggest more effective designs for roof-garden at hospitals through a post-occupancy evaluation. The roofgarden of Asan Medical Center was evaluated with regards to setting, proximate environmental context, users, and design activity by a multi-method including plan investigations, observations, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows; the users' main activities included resting, walking, and talking. A number of users were observed at shaded spaces sitting on such things as benches, pergolas, and shelters. The satisfaction of the users showed high satisfaction level except in the amount of shade, facilities, and shelter. The variables affecting a overall satisfaction were ‘accessibility’, ‘safety’, ‘quality of surroundings’, and ‘suitability for speculation’. By comparing the design concept with using pattern, designer's intention was not reflected sufficiently in several aspects such as ‘event deck for therapy programs’, ‘grove and path’, and ‘low planters’. This study suggests some design implications; it is necessary to furnish shaded sitting places for passive behaviors and pathways for walking or a light exercise. A wind-break wall with glass windows could widen the users' views in a limited space. Natural shade like tree shade or pergola are more desirable than artificial shades. As for the vertical location of the roofgarden, the middle floor could be better than top area for accessibility. Characteristics of building and users should be considered in detail to provide distinct spaces. Proper technical standards for the greening of artificial ground should be established.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The common features of walking in patients with stroke include decreased gait velocity and increased asymmetrical gait pattern. The purpose of this study was to identify important factors related to impairments in gait velocity and asymmetry in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 30 independently ambulating subjects with chronic stroke. The subjects' impairments were examined, including the isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle plantarflexors, and ankle dorsiflexors. Passive and active ranges of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint, ankle plantarflexor spasticity, joint position senses of the knee and ankle joint, and balance were examined together. In addition, gait velocity and temporal and spatial asymmetry were evaluated with subjects walking at their comfortable speed. Pearson correlations and multiple regressions were used to measure the relationships between impairments and gait speed and impairments and asymmetry. Regression analyses revealed that ankle passive ROM and peak torque of knee flexors were important factors for gait velocity ($R^2=.41$), while ankle passive ROM was the most important determinant for temporal asymmetry ($R^2=.35$). In addition, knee extensor peak torque was the most significant factor for gait spatial asymmetry ($R^2=.17$). Limitation in ankle passive ROM and weakness of the knee flexor were major contributors to slow gait velocity. Moreover, limited passive ROM in the ankle influenced the level of temporal gait asymmetry in chronic stroke patients. Our findings suggest that stroke rehabilitation programs aiming to improve gait velocity and temporal asymmetry should include stretching exercise for the ankle joint.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of balance ability improvement exercise program which applied to the elderly people for increasing balance, stability and range of motion. Ten elderly people and ten university students were recruited as the subjects. Kinematic data were collected by seven real-time infrared cameras while subjects walk stair descent as a pre-test. Korean folk dance exercise program was applied to the elderly for 12 weeks. Same experiment on stair descent walk was performed as post-test. Results indicated that CM movement and selected joint angle patterns of elderly group after treatment changed to the similar patterns of young group. However, ankle joint angle and vertical GRF of elderly group after treatment also increased compared to those of the elderly group before treatment. This might be explained by the fact that elderly used a different walking strategy which maximize support base for increasing stability. Overall, these results indicated that the exercise treatment may affect to adapt and improve the gait pattern of stair descent of elderly people.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2019

본 연구는 발의 피로와 통증을 줄이고 발의 정상적인 기능을 유지해주는 기능적 인솔 적용 유무가 노인 보행 시 하지의 생체 역학적 변인 및 패턴에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 10명(연령, 73.2 세: 신장, 152.1 cm: 체중, 59.4 kg)이며, 기능적 인솔 착용과 비 착용 시의 보행을 분석하였다. 보행분석은 퀄리시스 시스템 (Qualisys system)으로 촬영 후 비쥬얼 3D (Visual-3D)로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 기능적 인솔을 착용했을 경우, 보장과 유각기 속도가 유의미하게 증가하였다 (p<.05). 또한 하지의 신전 모멘트가 입각기에서 유의미하게 증가하였다 (p<.05). 본 연구 결과 기능적 인솔은 노인의 보행 안정성을 향상시는 효과가 있었다. 그러나 이 연구의 결과를 일반화하기 위해서는 더 많은 대상자들을 통해 보다 많은 정량적 자료를 축적할 필요가 있으며, 대상자들에게 오랜 시간동안 인솔을 사용하게 한 후 보행변인 및 패턴의 변화를 검토하는 연구가 추후 이뤄져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 최근 증가하는 보행 중 스마트폰의 이용실태를 파악하고 스마트폰 이용행태가 보행안전도의 인적요인에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 보행자의 스마트폰 사용동기 및 실태를 파악하기 위해 스마트폰을 사용하는 20~30대를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 진행하였으며 그 결과 보행 중 스마트폰 사용경험은 98.6%로 대부분의 응답자가 보행 중 스마트폰 사용경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 선행연구에서 17개의 이용 동기 요소를 추출하여 설문을 실시한 후 요인분석을 통해 2개의 요인으로 추출하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과 F-value는 12.967, P-value는 0.000으로 유의미한 것으로 분석되어 스마트폰 이용행태는 보행안전도의 인적요인에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 스마트폰 이용 동기가 유행성에 있는 응답자들은 보행안전도 인적요인 중 스마트폰사용으로 인한 사고위험에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2009

본 연구는 낙상을 경험한 여성노인 20명을 각각 10명씩 연령으로 집단을 구분하고 보행 시 하지관절의 협응 능력을 분석하여 운동과학적인 기초자료를 제시하고, 불안정적인 측면의 요소에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있도록 하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 보행 시 하지관절의 균형에 대한 기전과 차이를 동작분석과 근전도를 이용하여 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 보행 시 고관절의 움직임에서 연령증가로 인해 충분하지 못한 지지역할로 보행자세가 저하되어 안정적 이지 못한 패턴을 보였다. 둘째, 무릎관절의 움직임에서 좌우측의 보행패턴이 상이하게 이루어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 셋째, 발목관절의 움직임에서 연령증가와 함께 활보패턴이 비정상적인 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 보행 시 하지 주요근육의 활성정도에 대해 대퇴직근과 대퇴이두근은 무릎의 굴곡을 막기 위해 근수축 활성이 증가되어 전진하는 전기적 특성을 보였고, 전경골근과 내측비복근은 이동 시 높은 전기적 수요를 나타내어 저측굴곡의 비율을 줄여 보행하는 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2009

Exposure analysis is a critical component of determining the health impact of pollutants. Global positioning systems (GPS) could be useful in developing time-location information for use in exposure analysis. This study compares four low cost GPS receivers with data logging capability (Garmin 60, Garmin Forerunner 201, GeoStats GeoLogger and Skytrx minitracker MT4100) in terms of accuracy, precision, and ease of use. The accuracy of the devices was determined at two known National Geodetic Survey points. The coordinates logged by the devices were compared when the devices were carried while walking and driving. The Garmin 60 showed better accuracy and precision than the GeoLogger when they were placed at the geodetic points. The Forerunner and Skytrx did not record when they were kept stationary. When the subject wore the devices while walking, the location of the devices differed by about 8 m on average between any two device combinations involving the four devices. The distance between the coordinates logged by the devices decreased when the devices were carried with their antennas facing the sky. All the devices showed similar routes when they were used in a car. All the devices except the Forerunner had satisfactory signal reception when they were worn and when they were carried in the car. The GeoLogger is less comfortable for the subject because of specific wearing requirements. This evaluation found that the Garmin 60 and the Skytrx may be useful in personal exposure analysis studies to record time-location data.