• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2017

Purpose. Walking depends on the speed and type of shoe to be worn, and the degree of impact varies with the muscle used. In addition, the speed can be changed by moving objects and using objects when walking. This study analyzed the change of walking speed by applying various factors influencing walking. Methods. A total of 60 patients who had not undergone musculoskeletal diseases during the last 1 year were included. Shoe type was divided into slippers and shoe heels. Behavioral types were divided into bagging, books, and cell phone use. The walking speed was measured by the general walking, the middle walking, and the fast walking. The time was measured using a 10M linear distance test. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program for independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA. Results. There was a statistically significant difference according to the type of shoes when walking. Walking speed was slow in shoe heel. In addition, There was statistically significant difference according to type of behavior task at walking. Walking speed was slow in task type using mobile phone during walking. Conclusions. The walking speed were appeared difference in each type of shoe heel, using mobile phone.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of walking on high heels on the behavior of fascicle length and activation of the lower limb muscles. Methods: Twelve healthy inexperienced high heel wearers (age: $23.1{\pm}2.0yr$, height: $162.4{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $54.4{\pm}8.5kg$) participated in this study. They walked in high heels (7 cm) and barefoot on a treadmill at their preferred speed. During the gait analysis, the lower limb joint kinematics were obtained using a motion analysis system. In addition, the changes in fascicle length and the level of activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were simultaneously monitored using a real-time ultrasound imaging technique and surface electromyography, respectively. Results: The results of this study show that the MG fascicle operates at a significantly shorter length in high heel walking ($37.64{\pm}8.59mm$ to $43.99{\pm}8.66mm$) in comparison with barefoot walking ($48.26{\pm}9.02mm$ to $53.99{\pm}8.54mm$) (p < .05). In addition, the MG fascicle underwent lengthening during high heel walking with relatively low muscle activation while it remained isometric during barefoot walking with relatively high muscle activation. Conclusion: Wearing high heels alters the operating range of the MG fascicle length and the pattern of muscle activation, suggesting that prolonged wearing of high heels might induce structural alterations of the MG that, in turn, hinder normal functioning of the MG muscle during walking.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2007

본 연구는 지하공간에서의 보행자의 정보 활용에 관한 연구의 일환으로 대전시 지하상가를 중심으로, 보행자의 보행 타입으로부터 사인의 이용 타입을 밝혀내는 것을 목적으로 두 가지의 분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 피험자가 통과한 경로의 체크에 의한 보행선형을 비교하였다. 둘째, 피험자가 이용한 사인을 보행동선과 사인의 이용 상황, 사인의 설치장소, 사인의 높이 등과의 관계에 있어서 구간별로 분석을 할 경우의 동선의 타입을 분류하였다. 위 분석 결과, 장소에 따른 배치 문제가 설치수와 이용률과의 차이에 있는 경우에 정보의 이용률을 높이기 위해서는 안내정보의 내용과 설치장소를 다양하게 해야 할 필요가 있으며, 피험자의 보행특성에서 나타난 과제해결에 대해서는 장소와 장소가 접하는 곳의 정보제공의 필요성 등을 제시하였다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2016

In existing method, research for landscape resource is driven by professional (or with the participation of local people at Tokenism level), and usually hinder local residents from reflecting their appreciations on the landscape resources in their own ways and eventually ends up with indistinguishable landscape planning. To avoid this, a profound understanding of what landscape they experience in their daily life and how they perceive it should be empirically analysed carefully. The purpose of this study is to apply walking behavior as a method to examine local residents' subjective perceptions and consider its usability. The researcher walked the site(Sucheongri) with the residents, carrying a GPS device, taking photographs of the landscape objects they described, and recording the relevant explanations. After gathering photographs and explanations which represent the research participants' individual subjective perception, the researcher analysed the explanation using open coding, based on grounded theory. By the analysis, 117 landscape objectives are identified and 18 reason factors for landscape perception were deduced from the explanation. Those factors could be classified as 'positive feeling inducing' and 'negative feeling inducing', and also as 'personal emotion based' and 'community based emotion'. By comparison between feeling map by conventional method and feeing map by new method, usability of new method was empirically reveled. Walking behavior makes it easier for researcher to get more abundant data in quantitative aspect and profound understanding with affection of respondent by allowing them to 'go beyond' the perceptions they remember. Finally new method with walking gives professionals a contextual understanding of a place and more resident-oriented plans and management on sites.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2007

The paper proposes a human-following behavior of mobile robot and an intelligent space (ISpace) is used in order to achieve these goals. An ISpace is a 3-D environment in which many sensors and intelligent devices are distributed. Mobile robots exist in this space as physical agents providing humans with services. A mobile robot is controlled to track a walking human using distributed intelligent sensors as stably and precisely as possible. The moving objects is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto an image plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the object based on the kinematics of the intelligent space. Uncertainties in the position estimation caused by the point-object assumption are compensated using the Kalman filter. To generate the shortest time trajectory to track the walking human, the linear and angular velocities are estimated and utilized. The computer simulation and experimental results of estimating and trackinging of the walking human with the mobile robot are presented.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1974

Results of an experiment on the general behavior of rats in order to explore the possible pharmacological actions of Panax Ginseng upon the central nervous system can be summarized as follows: 1) The rats treated with Ginseng-saponin intraperitoneally with the doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg show the decreased sleeping component and increase in lying and grooming component and walking and rearing component of general behavior. 2) There are no difference between control group and saline treated group in pattern of general behavior components. 3) In the Ginseng-saponin treated groups, the amphetamine stimulated walking and rearing component of genenarl behavior are reduced but lying and grooming component are elevated. 4) Ginseng-saponin shows very low acute toxicity in mice. The $LD_{50}$ in mice of 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection was 795 mg/kg. From the above findings, it is to suggest that the Ginseng saponin might stimulate the central nervous system but its mode of action appears to be different from that of amphetamine. And the effects of Ginseng saponin may be varied depending on various experimental situation or condition of animals.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3D호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

지난 50여 년간 고도의 경제 성장은 급격한 자동차의 증가를 초래하였다. 이러한 자동차 증가는 도시 내에서 도로혼잡, 교통사고, 환경오염, 소음과 진동을 발생시켜, 결국 교통의 주체인 사람이 피해를 보게 되는 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 이로 인해 녹색교통, 특히 보행의 중요성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 그중 보행 관련시설의 설치가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 보행시설이 잘못 설계될 경우, 보행의 쾌적성과 안전성을 저하시킬 수 있어 주의를 요한다. 본 연구는 기존 지하철 환승역 내에서 조사된 보행자의 움직임을 마이크로하게 추적, 분석하여 보행동선의 문제점을 찾아 대안들을 제시하며, 대안들의 시행 전과 후의 보행환경의 변화를 추정한다. 이때 시뮬레이션 프로그램으로는 유럽에서 통용되고 있지만 국내에서는 아직 적용이 미흡한 SimWalk 프로그램을 이용하였다. 또한 이 프로그램의 장단점을 분석하여 국내 적용 가능성을 진단하였다. 이와 같은 시뮬레이션의 이용은 개선 대안의 시행 전에 면밀한 사전 비교 분석을 가능케 하여 시행착오를 최소화할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2001

날개가 없는 몇몇 절지동물들은 공중이동을 하기 위한 수단으로써 이륙행동 보이는 종들이 있다. 본고는 포식성 이리응애류중에서 이륙행동을 보이는 종(Neoseiulus fallacis (Carman)) 과 이륙행동은 보이지 않으나, 공중이동률이 높은 종(Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot),이륙행동이 없고 공중이동률이 중간치인 종(N. ca1ifornicus(McGregor))간에 공기역학적 측면에서 어떠한 메커니즘이 작용하는 지에 관한 연구이다. 위 종들의 도보이동 자세와 공주 이동 이륙행동 자세의 몸체의 수직적 위치, 몸체의 크기, 다리의 길이 등의 자료를 가지고 공기역학적 파라미터를 계산한 결과, P. persimilis는 도보이동 자세에서도 N. fallacis가 이륙행동을 보여야만 얻을 수 있는 양의 항력을 얻을 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 관점에서 포식성 이리응애류의 이륙행동 진화에 대한 고찰하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

This paper presents the new gait implementation of a biped robot with smooth walking using 3-dimensional continuous trunk motion and kick action of ankle joints. Trajectory generation ova trunk is performed not on a unit gait but on a whole walking interval. In applying kick action such as heel-touch or toe-off, varying coordinate system was employed for the simplification of the kinematic analysis. Desired ZMP (zero moment point) is also changed to implement the efficient kick action. As a result, balancing motion of the proposed gait was much more decreased than that of conventional one. Moreover, robot\\`s walking behavior is very smooth, natural and similar to the pace of a human. The walking experiment system is composed of eight AC servo motors and a DSP controller. The walking simulation and the experimental results are shown using the proposed new walking algorithm.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group walking exercise on body composition, blood lipid profiles and psychological factors. Also this study was to examine the satisfaction of walking exercise and characteristics of the exercise behavior among participants. Method: The subjects, aged 30 to 77 years, were 138 participants in a 24-week, group walking exercise. A walking exercise protocol and education was given to the participants, which was to do walking over three times a week and over thirty minutes each time. We compared the participants' body composition (BMI, PBF, BFM, FFM, WHR and VFA), blood lipid profiles (HDL-C, LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride), exercise self-efficacy and quality of life before and after group walking excercise. Collected data were analyzed through paired t-test using the SAS program. Results: Mean walking frequency was 11.4 times per month and mean walking time was 71.5 min. BMI, PBF, BFM, WHR, and VFA were significantly decreased. FFM increased significantly (p=.0002). There were significant decreased in TC, LDL-C and TG.. Exercise self-efficacy did not increase significantly, but quality of life increased significantly(p=.0088). Conclusion: Community-Based 24 weeks group walking exercise program had positive effects on body composition, blood lipids and quality of life.