• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.359-372
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• 2016

The time-series of Walker circulation index (WCI) in this study shows the strengthening of the Walker circulation in recent years. To further understand the large-scale features related to the WCI strengthening, a difference between the averaged meteorological variables in two time periods 1999-2013 and 1984-1998 is analyzed. The difference in 850 hPa stream flows between the two periods shows that the anomalous easterlies (anomalous trade wind) are dominant due to the strengthening of anomalous anticyclonic circulations at the subtropical Pacific of both hemispheres. The difference between the averaged zonal atmospheric circulations over $5^oS-5^oN$ in the two periods confirms that upward flows are strengthened at the tropical western Pacific and downward flows are strengthened at the tropical central and eastern Pacific in recent years. It matches the WCI strengthening in recent years. The time-series of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency from July to September shows that a mean TC genesis frequency from 1999-2013 decreases compared to that of the time period 1984-1998. The monsoon trough in the period 1984-1998 was located in the further east direction and stronger than that in the period 1999-2013. TCs in the recent period that are generated in further west than TCs in the past period moved from the west. Thus, the TC intensity along the coasts in East Asia becomes weaker in recent period. The intensification of Walker circulation in recent years is related to the weaker TC intensity in East Asia through strengthened anomalous anticyclones at the subtropical western Pacific.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2007

Recently, eutrophication or lake and reservoir has become serious problem to man who want use that water for several purpose. In order to solve the eutrophication problem, the trophic state of that eutrophic lake and reservoir should be measured properly. For the purpose of this, various method to indicate the trophic state of lake and reservoir was developed by many researchers. This research was conducted to evaluate characteristics and eutrophication of water qualitymfor small scale reservoir in Kunsan. On-site investigation to 5 reservoirs and laboratory experiment were carried out during four seasons from November, 2003 to July, 2004. Twelve items measured field ana a laboratory. Measured data was analyzed to quantitative method by multivariate approach and eutrophication index. The result is summarized as following. 1) Showing the characteristics of water quality for reservoir in Kunsan, Okgu reservoir and Oknua reservoir was exceeded 4 grades of agricultural water standard in TP, TN and COD. This means that eutrophication was gone much, therefore, water-purity control of reservoir need. While, Mije reservoir that is used to Kunsan citizens' recreation was good in water quality. But, water quality exceeded 4 grades of agricultural Dater standard sometimes. 2) As a results of correlation analysis between variables of water qualify, Interrelation between variables which is connected with eutrophication was expressed good relationship as above 6.000 in correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficient(r) between COD and chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a were 0.750, 0.720 and 0.600 respectively. Therefore, Change of water quality can grasp according to eutrophication progress degree. 3) If do evaluate to eutrophication by quantitative method which is proposed by OECD, US-EPA and Forsberg & Ryding, in the case of chlorophyll a, Okgu, Oknua and Daewi reservoir was eutrophic state and Mije and Geumgul reservoir was mesotrophic state. But, estimation by TN and TP showed highly eutrophic state (hypereutrophic) in all reservoirs. 4) If do evaluate by eutrophication index which is Carlson's TSI, revised carlson TSI and Walker's index, in the case of chlorophyll a, TSI values of Okgu, Oknua and Daewi reservoir is eutrophic state more than 50 and Mije and Geumgul reservoir was mesotrophic state as range of $40{\sim}50$ in TSI value. But, in the case of TP as nutrients, all reservoirs showed highly eutrophic state which was exceed to 70 in TSI value. According to above results, the water quality for small scale reservoirs in Kunsan is progressing by trophic state. therefore, for continuous use as agriculture water, we had better do establishment of management plan about water quality.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.157-179
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to enhance health promoting practice that are constructive to a healthy lifestyle. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from 281 middle-aged women living in Seoul, Kyeung ki, Taegu, Kyeung pook, and Kyeung nam from July to September 1997. The following instruments were used in the study after some adaption : scale of perceived health status, self-esteem, perceived benefits, family hardiness index, purpose in life, Walker and other health promoting lifestyle profiles. The data were analyzed, by t-test, ANOVA Scheffe's Pearson's correlation & stepwise multiple regression, by using the SAS program. The results are as follows : 1) The average score for the health promoting lifestyle was 2.65. In the sub-categories, the highest degree of practice was self-actualization (2.91), and in the lower degree was health responsibility (2.13). 2) In the relation ship between social demographic and health promoting lifestyle there were significant differences ineducation, occupation, economic status, and type of family. 3) There is a significant correlation between perceived health status, self-esteem, perceived benefits, family hardiness index, existential vacuum and total & subcategory health promoting lifestyles. 4) Existential vacuum was the highest factor predicting a health promoting lifestyle for middle-aged women (38.0%). 5) Existential vacuum, commitment and self-esteem accounted for 45.9% of the total variance.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2014

Obesity is a significant problem affecting United States (US) firefighters. While body mass index (BMI) is widely used to diagnose obesity, its use for this occupational group has raised concerns about validity. We examined rates and types of misclassification of BMI-based obesity status compared to body fat percentage (BF%) and waist circumference (WC). Male career firefighters (N = 994) from 20 US departments completed all three body composition assessments. Mean BMI, BF%, and WC were $29kg/m^2$, 23%, and 97 cm, respectively. Approximately 33% and 15% of BF%- and WC-defined obese participants were misclassified as non-obese (false negatives) using BMI, while 8% and 9% of non-obese participants defined by BF% and WC standards were identified as obese (false positives) using BMI. When stratified by race/ethnicity, Pacific Islanders showed high rates of false positive misclassification. Precision in obesity classification would be improved by using WC along with BMI to determine firefighters' weight status.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate effects on cognitive perception. health promotion activity and life satisfaction of elderly. The participants for this study were 292 in senior citizen's center in S-city. The participants were categorized by two groups. one have taken exercise regularly. at least more than one a week for 6 months, the other have not. The measurement tools were the Perceived Benefit Scale developed by Walker, et al. and translated by Kim. Hee Ja(1994), the Life Satisfaction Index developed by Neugarten. etc. and translated by Lee. Ga Ok(1994) and Self efficacy Scale developed by Kim. Hee Ja (1994). The data were collected by personal interviews. which were taken from January 11 to 16. 1999, and analyzed by SAS 6.12. The major results of this study were as follows 1) Scores of self-efficacy were higher regular exercise group than irregular group. 2) Regular exercise group have taken exercise such as jogging, climbing and the other hands irregular group have not. 3) When the participants were categorized by smoking, other health promotion behavior (weight control. diet), both scores of life satisfaction index were higher smoking group than non-smoking group, other health promotion behavior than non-health promotion behavior. 4) There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived benefit, life satisfaction, From these findings, regular exercise program will be able to provide elderly with opportunity to change positively their lives in cognitive perception. health promotion activity.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of recovery in relation to those living with mental illness and provide a better understanding to the definition, perspectives, and paradigm of recovery in phenomenon, as a conceptual knowledge. Methods: A literature review was conducted to define the concept of recovery from a mental illness by using key words, "recovery", "mental health and illness", "concept analysis" and "recovery-oriented nursing", and searching the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Cochrane library and RISS4U database. Concept analysis of recovery was done, by using the Walker and Avant's framework of concept analysis. Results: Attributes of recovery for those living with mental illness included regain, life reconstruction, hope, adjustment, and health. Antecedents of recovery from mental illness included instilling hope, recovery vision, belief, peer support, recovery-oriented services, empowerment, personal accountability, education, human rights and culture. The consequences, as meanings of recovery included self-esteem, hopeful life, positive adjustment, and healthy life. Conclusion: Concept of recovery is important for a nurse to understand when caring for a person living with mental illness. This concept of recovery from mental illness may apply to future studies to develop a recovery-oriented nursing intervention.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise on muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided to unilateral exercise group (UG, n=10) and bilateral exercise group (BG, n=10). UG were performed unilateral exercise for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks, and BG were performed one side and then the other side alternately for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks. Muscle activity and body balance ability were measured before, after 4 and 16 weeks isometric exercise. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured value of SL (step length). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. Results: In the muscle activity, ST decreased significantly in short step length(S-SL) and BG of LS compared to before isometric exercise(p<.05), and GCM decreased significantly in BG of S-SL(p<.05). As for body balance ability, the mSEBT-A difference between L-SL and S-SL was decreased significantly in UG(p<.05). And the respective total scores of L-SL and S-SL, mSEBT-PM and mSEBT-PL were increased significantly in BG(p<.05). Conclusions: As a result, in this study above, it was confirmed that isometric exercise improved muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2013

목적 본 연구는 여성결혼이민자를 대상으로 건강증진행위와 건강문제를 파악하고 건강문제와 주관적 건강상태의 영향요인을 알아보는 서술적 조사연구로 향후 이들을 위한 건강증진프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 방법: 건강증진 행위 도구는 Walker등(1995)의 HPLP II를 박정숙(2005)이 번안하고 수정 보완한 도구, 건강문제 측정도구는 CMI로 Weider 등(1945)이 개발하고 고응린과 박항배(1980)가 번역한 것을 서인주와 박정숙(2010)이 수정 보완한 도구를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS WIN 18.0을 이용하여 실수 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test, 상관관계, 위계적 다중회귀방식으로 분석하였다. 결론 및 제언: 여성결혼이민자는 매우 낮은 수준(2.01)으로 건강증진행위를 하고 있으며, 그들의 건강문제는 신체적 건강문제보다 정신적 건강문제가 더 많았고, 건강문제에 유의한 설명력을 갖는 변수는 최종적으로 주관적 건강상태와 일반적 특성에서 배우자와의 나이차, 배우자의 학력, 본인의 연령이었다. 그리고 주관적 건강상태에 유의한 설명력을 갖는 변수는 건강증진행위의 신체활동영역, 일반적 특성으로는 소득이었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 이들의 특성에 맞는 건강교육이 필요하며 체계적인 건강증진프로그램을 개발하여 적용할 필요가 있겠다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.836-846
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• 2000

This Meta-Analysis of 18 studies was conducted to determine the magnitude of th relationship between health promotion behavior and each of explanatory variables. The studies were measured using Health Promoting Life Style(HPLP) developed by Walker and others based on Pender's definiton of health promoting behavior. The sample was collected by searching for The Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Society, The Journal of Korean Women's Health Nursing Academic Society,The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, Journal of Korean Community Nursing, The Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, The Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society, The Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing, The Journal of Korean Psychiatric Academic Society, the dissertations for mater degree or doctoral dissertations for the period from 1980 to 1998. The explanatory variables measured more than 2 times in studies were self-efficacy, perceived health status, self-esteem, internal, powerful-others and chance dimensions of health locus of control, perceived benefits, hardiness, wellbeing and clinical demensions of health concepts, and quality of life(life satisfaction). Effect sizes were calculated by unweighted mean r, weighted mean r by sample size and weighted mean r by quality index score after homogeneity test. The mean r effect size indicator range of each predictor variable were as follows; quality of life (0.50- 0.52), self-efficacy (0.46-0.47), hardiness (0.42-0.44), self-esteem(0.41-0.43), health locus of control- internal(0.32-0.34), health locus of control- powerful others (0.25-0.31), perceived health status(0.18-0.19) and clinical dimensions of health concepts (0.16-0.17).

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1171-1171
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• 2001

Quantitative analysis is an important requirement in exploration, mining and processing of minerals. There is an increasing need for the use of quantitative mineralogical data to assist with bore hole logging, deposit delineation, grade control, feed to processing plants and monitoring of solid process residues. Quantitative analysis using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) requires fine grinding and the addition of a reference material, or the application of Rietveld analysis to XRD patterns to provide accurate analysis of the suite of minerals present. Whilst accurate quantitative data can be obtained in this manner, the method is time consuming and limited to the laboratory. Mid infrared when combined with multivariant analysis has also been used for quantitative analysis. However, factors such as the absorption coefficients and refractive index of the minerals requires special sample preparation and dilution in a dispersive medium, such as KBr to minimize distortion of spectral features. In contrast, the lower intensity of the overtones and combinations of the fundamental vibrations in the near infrared allow direct measurement of virtually any solid without special sample preparation or dilution. Thus Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) has found application for quantitative on-line/in line analysis and control in a range of processing applications which include, moisture control in clay and textile processing, fermentation processes, wheat analysis, gasoline analysis and chemicals and polymers. It is developing rapidly in the mineral exploration industry and has been underpinned by the development of portable NIR spectrometers and spectral libraries of a wide range of minerals. For example, iron ores have been identified and characterized in terms of the individual mineral components using field spectrometers. Data acquisition time of NIR field instruments is of the order of seconds and sample preparation is minimal. Consequently these types of spectrometers have great potential for in-line or on-line application in the minerals industry. To demonstrate the applicability of NIR field spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of minerals, a specific example on the quantification of lateritic bauxites will be presented. It has been shown that the application of Partial Least Squares regression analysis (PLS) to the NIR spectra can be used to quantify chemistry and mineralogy in a range of lateritic bauxites. Important, issues such as sampling, precision, repeatability, and replication which influence the results will be discussed.