• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.915-922
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• 2001

A new phase-average technique using instantaneous velocity fields obtained by a PIV method has been developed. The technique tracks vorticity centers and estimates the value of circulation for a chosen domain. The locations of vortex-centers and the magnitudes of circulation are matched together then showing a sine wave feature due to the periodic vortex shedding from the circular cylinder. Ensemble averaged and phase averaged velocity fields are successfully measured for the circular cylinder wake where Reynolds number is 3900 based on free stream velocity and cylinder diameter. The convection velocities of the vortices center and the vortex shedding frequency were measured by a single hot-wire probe.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2005

A Multi-Sectional 3D-PTV algorithm was developed to reduce the calculation time of the conventional GA-3D-PTV. The hardware system of the constructed 3D-PTV system consists of two high-speed cameras ($1,024\times1,018$ pixels, 60 fps), a metal halogen lamp (400W) and a host computer. The sphere(D=30mm) is suspended in a circulating water channel $(300mm\times300mm\times1,200m)$ and Reynolds number is 1,130. About 5,000 instantaneous three-dimensional velocity vectors have been obtained by the constructed 3D-PTV system. Turbulent properties such as turbulent intensity, Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy were obtained. An eigenvalue analysis was carried out using the obtained instantaneous 3D velocity vectors to get the topological relations of the asymptotically stable critical point. Two structured shells, inner shell and outer shell, were found in the sphere wake and their motions were clarified by the measured data.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2004

An experimental study was quantitatively carried out in order to investigate the influence of flow conditions on a boundary layer in the near-wake of a flat plate. Tripping wires attached at various positions were selected to change flow conditions of a boundary layer in the vicinity of trailing edge. The flows such as laminar, transitional, and turbulent boundary layer at 0.98C from the leading edge are imposed to investigate the evolution of symmetric and asymmetric wake. Measurements were made at freestream velocity of 6.0m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds number is $2.8{\times}10^5$. An x-type hot-wire probe(55P61) was employed to measure at 8 stations in the near-wake region. Test results show that the near-wake of the flat plate for the case of a laminar and transitional boundary layer is sensitive to mean flow shear generated after separation but for the case of turbulent boundary layer is insensitive.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

This paper presents bubble wake measurement results generated by the planing hull. The bubble was generated by SNAME TMB model(No. 4876) with hard chine at the CWC(Circulating Water Channel). ABS(Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer) was used to measure bubble wake measurement. The manufactured model is one meter in length and uniform velocity to generate the bubble at CWC is 3m/s, relatively higher speed than conventional hull form. Measurements were performed successfully and measured results show well the general characteristics of bubble wake generated by planing hull. Furthermore, experimental equations are proposed for the practical use.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.401-402
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• 2006

The turbulent flow around a sphere was investigated using two experimental techniques: smoke-wire flow visualization in wind tunnel at Re=5300, 11000 and PIV measurements in a circulating water channel. The smoke-wire visualization shows flow separation points near an azimuthal angle of $90^{\circ}$, recirculating flow, transition from laminar to turbulent shear layer, evolving vortex roll-up and fully turbulent eddies in the sphere wake. The mean velocity field measured using a PIV technique in x-y center plane demonstrates the detailed near-wake structure such as nearly symmetric recirculation region, two toroidal vortices, laminar separation, transition and turbulent eddies. The PIV measurements of turbulent wake in y-z planes show that a recirculating vortex pair dominates the near-wake region.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2005

This paper describes effects of incidence angle on the wake turbulent flow of a high-turning turbine rotor blade. For three incidence angles of -5, 0 and 5 degrees, energy spectra as well as profiles of mean velocity magnitude and turbulence intensity at mid-span are reported in the wake. Vortex shedding fiequencies are obtained from the energy spectra. The result shows that as the incidence angle changes from -5 to 5 degrees, the suction-side wake tends to be widened and the deviation angle is increased. Strouhal numbers based on the shedding fiyequencies have a nearly constant value, regardless of the tested incidence angles.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2779-2786
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• 1994

This study presents an experimental investigation of the effect of the wake on mass transfer about a circular cylinder in crossflow. The flat-plate wake was generated by merging two mirror images of turbulent boundary layers that were well developed along the both sides of flat plate with a sharp trailing edge. The velocity field was measured by a hot-wire system and the mass transfer rate by a naphthalene sublimation method. The mixing and developing stages of the wake were addressed to identify flow conditions. The mass transfer effects of different developing stages of the wake was discussed in detail. It is noted that a local maximum appears not at the front stagnation point but at a point a little downstream when the cylinder is located in the nearwake region and much more elevated mass transfer rate is obtained compared to effect of free-stream turbulence.

• 오토저널
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1988

The wake structure behind a van type vehicle was studied experimentally with a 5-hole yawhead probe. Through an effective calibration method of the 5-hole yawhead probe, the flow properties such as velocity vector, total pressure and static pressure were obtained on two cross sections within the wake. These results combined with the surface flow visualization performed in the previous study, yielded some information about the wake structure. When the model was placed in a stream with zero yaw angle, two counter rotating vortices were observed behind the model which pull down the surface flow on each side of the model. With increasing the yaw angle, the surface flow on the windward side changed to divide the flow in two directions, one flows upward on the upper part and the other flows downward on the lower part of the windward side. Hence a new weak vortex was created on the upper windward side, which resulted 3 vortices within the wake. The size and the strength of the vortices increased with yaw angle.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2003년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

This paper describes the effect of the incidence angle on the turbulence structure in the wake of a turbine rotor blade at the low inlet free-stream turbulence level. For three incidence angles of -5, 0 and 5 degrees, mid-span energy spectrum as well as mid-span profiles of mean velocity magnitude and turbulence intensity are reported at three downstream locations in the wake. Vortex shedding frequencies are obtained from the energy spectrum. The result shows that as the incidence angle changes from-5 to 5 degrees, the boundary layer on the suction surface tends to be thickened, which results in widening of the wake. Strouhal numbers based on the shedding frequencies have a nearly constant value of 0.3, independent of tested incidence angles.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2018

Wind tunnel tests are conducted to investigate wake-induced vibrations of two circular cylinders with a center-to-center spacing of 4 diameters and attack angle varying from $0^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$ for Reynolds numbers between 18,000 and 168,800. Effects of structural damping, Reynolds number, attack angle and reduced velocity on dynamic responses are examined. Results show that wake-induced vortex vibrations of the downstream cylinder occur in a wider range of the reduced velocity and have higher amplitudes in comparison to the vortex-induced vibration of a single circular cylinder. Two types of wake-induced instability phenomena with distinct dynamic characteristics are observed, which may be due to different generation mechanisms. For small attack angles like $5^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$, the instability of the downstream cylinder characterizes a one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) oscillation moving in the across-wind direction. For a large attack angle like $20^{\circ}$, the instability characterizes a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) oscillation with elliptical trajectories. For an attack angle of $15^{\circ}$, the instability can transform from the 1-DOF pattern to the 2-DOF one with the increase of the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the two instabilities show different sensitivity to the structural damping. The 1-DOF instability can be either completely suppressed or reduced to an unsteady oscillation, while the 2-DOF one is relatively less sensitive to the damping level. Reynolds number has important effects on the wake-induced instabilities.