• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was effect of pilates exercise program on obesity pre-obese adult sixteen (men 3, women 13). The pilates exercise program was provided to subject for 4weeks (3 time a week) Measurements of pre and post 2weeks, and post 4weeks experiment were BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR(Waist-hip Ratio). The result were as follows: 1. The BMI was decreased in pre - exercise 2weeks, pre - exercise 4weeks but there was no statistically. There was significant difference between pre - exercise-4weeks. 2. The WHR was no significant difference between pre - exercise-2 weeks and pre - exercise-2 weeks and 2-4 weeks everybody.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2004

This analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between nutrition and anthropometric indices using the data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, '98 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Subjects were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design and completed dietary questionnares including food intakes for one day by 24-hour recall method. For this analysis, 6566 subjects were selected by age(over 20 years old). For anthropometry, height, weight, and waist- and hip- circumference were measured. They were classified by body mass index(BMI, weight(Kg)/$height^2 $($m^2 $)) and waist-hip ratio(WHR, waist circumference(Cm)/hip circumference(Cm)). The nutrients intake of subjects were compared with the recommended daily allowances(RDA). Mean adequacy ratio(MAR) was calculated. Mean heights, weights, BMIs were higher in the groups with nutrient intake over 125% of RDA than the lower intake groups for most nutrients. However, Mean WHR was the highest in the groups with nutrient intake under 75% of RDA for most nutrients excluding iron intake of women aged 20-64 years. Among women aged 20-64 years, means of MAR were 0.71 for obese individuals(BMI>30), 0.72 for subjects with underweight(BMI<18.5), and 0.76 for subjects with normal weight(18.5$\leq$BMI<25). Normal subjects has statistically significantly higher MAR than those of other groups. However, among elderly people aged over 65 years, obese group had the highest MAR, 0.68. Women with abdominal obesity(WHR>0.9) had lower MAR, 0.71 than those with normal weight(MAR=0.76). From these results, obesity and abdominal obesity seems to be the results of malnutrition including both undernutrition and overnutrition rather than simple problem of excess energy intake. Obesity in elderly people needs to be handled differently from adults.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between the plasma LDL particle size and blood lipid profile, dietary factors and anthropometric values (body mass index, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio). The subjects were 173 adults aged 23 to 81 years, selected from the Outpatient Clinic and Cardiovascular Department of the Seoul Municipal Hospital. Dietary data were obtained using a 3-day food record and analyzed using Korean and US nutrient databases. The subjects were divided into three groups by LDL particle size : type A (large buoyant LDL, > 25.5 nm, n=96), type I (Intermediate LDL,$25.2\leq-\leq25.5$ nm, n=18), and type B (small dense LDL, < 25.2 nm, n=59) groups. The type B group had higher age, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio (WHR) than the type A and type I groups. Serum concentration of triglyceride, Apo B, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index were significantly higher in the type B group as compared to those in the other two groups. HDL cholesterol level and Apo A-I/Apo B ratio were significantly lower in the type B group than the other two groups. The plasma LDL particle size was highly correlated with triglyceride (r= -0.450), Apo B (r= -0.402) and HDL cholesterol (r= 0.418). However, there was no correlation between plasma LDL particle size and dietary intakes. This study showed that small dense LDL was an important biochemical risk factor that was associated with other risk factors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of obese index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) and to determine which is the best in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Korean elderly more than 65 ages. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used (n=1017). Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factors were measured, and chi-square test, analysis of variance following duncan's multiple range test, partial correlation analysis, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used in the analysis. Anthropometric values were decreased in both male and female when ages were goes up. In female elderly, it specially showed the characteristics of upper body fat and systolic blood pressure risk (p<0.05). Among life style factors the current smokers were prevalent in obese male (p<0.05), but not prevalent in female having obese or upper body fat. Also, person with upper body obesity have more exercise than that of normal group (p<0.01). Mean BMI values of the current smoker was lower than that of normal group in both sexes (p<0.01). Mean BMI value of person with other risk factors were higher than that of normal groups (p<0.05). Among 7 CVD risk factors in partial correlation analysis, WC had the highest correlation coefficient in 5 in male, whereas BMI in 4 in female. In ROC analyses of 12 risk factors and health conditions, the largest area under curve of obese indices for risk factors were WC>WHR>BMI in male and BMI>WHR>WC in female. The optimal cutoff values of each index (BMI : WHR : WC) for one or more risk factors were 19.02 : 0.84 : 71.3 in male and 19.04 : 0.88 : 85.6 in female. In conclusion, Most Korean elderly showed non-obese and abdominal obesity likewise other Asians. Also CVD risk factors were prevalent in Korean elderly within normal limits of obese indices. Therefore the upper body fat indices reflected in the aged whose muscle mass is replaced by fat must be used as an indicator of CVD risk together with BMI. Although WHR was the worst index based on partial correlation analysis and so located between BMI and WC in ROC curve analysis in both sexes, it need to be use with WC to screen the cardiovascular risk group.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2006

Object : Waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio(WHR), waist-stature ratio(WSR), and body mass index(BMI) are commonly used for evaluating obesity. This Research were done to determine what is more sensitive obesity indexes(WC, WHR, WSR, BMI) Correlated with body composition such as body fat mass, body fat(%), visceral fat area, and fat free mass. And what is more sensitively correlated obesity indexes with % changes of body composition during weight reduction treatment. Methods : This clinical retrospective research were carried out 127 cases of female obese outpatients with weight reduction treatment during 1 month. Bioelectrical impedence analysis(for body composition) and body size(for anthropometric obesity indexes) were estimated in pre-treatment and post-treatment to evaluate the obesity indexes. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to select useful obesity index. Result & Conclusion : BMI is useful index for diagnosis and evaluation of obesity. WSR is sensitively correlated with visceral fat area and body fat(%). So, WSR is useful index for evaluating abdominal obesity and risk factors of metabolic syndrome. WC is correlated with both body fat mass and fat free mass. WHR is not optimal for diagnosis and evaluation of obesity.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin), WHR (Waist hip ratio), WTR (Waist thigh ratio) and compliance in elderly diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 years or over. Method: We conducted a survey and measured HbA1c, WHR, WTR in a total of 180 elderly patients with diabetes from 5 May 2014 to 30 May 2014. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS program. Results: There were no significant differences in diabetes-related characteristics for HbA1c, WHR and WTR. However, patients with a family history had low compliance scores (p=.004). Furthermore, patients who visited the hospital regularly had higher compliance scores than patients who visited hospital when they were sick (p<.001). Patients with diabetic complications had low treatment compliance scores (p=.001). In addition, WHR and WTR (r=0.47, p<.001). and WHR and compliance (r=0.15, p=.045) showed positive correlation. Conclusion: For elderly diabetes mellitus patients, diabetes-related characteristics and compliance were highly related, so it is necessary to improve compliance for managing diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.355-359
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of blood glucose and lactate and also plasma LDH production of college women in relation to exercise. College female student which majored athletics (E, exercise group, n=43) were recruited and compared with college women (Control group, n=60). Anthropometric measurements, triceps skinfold thickness were measured of two groups. And body fat mass and waist and hip circumferences were measured and the concentrations of plasma glucose, lactic acid and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) were also assayed. Average height and weight of E group were slightly higher than that of control group. but there is no difference in body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) between two groups. The percentage of body fat and body fat mass(kg) in E group was slightly lower than that of control group. Plasma glucose and LDH levels of E group were higher than those of control group, and plasma lactic acid concentration was significantly increased.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the nutrients intakes, blood pressure, and correlations between these two factors in Korean rural adults(60 men, 60 women). Nutrients intakes were measured by analyzing with CAN Pro after weighing the each diets of the subjects had for 24 hours. We measured body mass index(BMI), waist to hip ratio(WHR), and fat content in the body besides blood pressure, and considered their relationship with blood pressure. This examination includes collections and analysis of serum and urine, and considers the correlations between blood pressure and serum or urinary factors. These results were as follows ; 1) The mean ages of men and women were 50.$\pm$12.6 and 46.0$\pm$12.5, respectively. The percentage of hypertensive was higher in men(43%) than in women(37%). 2) The values of WHR, body water and lean body mass were higher in men and the value of body fat was higher in women. Weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences, and WHR were correlated with blood pressure in these subjects. 3) Though the levels of serum triglyceride, sodium, potassium and iron levels were higher in men and urinary Na was higher in women, these factors didn't showed any significant correlations with blood pressure in both sexes. 4) The values of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in men and women, and of iron intake in women didn't meet the Korean recommended allowances(RDA). Animal protein and Na intakes were negatively correlated with blood pressure. These results showed that the levels of calcium and vitamin B$_2$ intake in both sexes and iron intake in women were lower than those of RDA, and weight, BMI, waist or hip circumferences and WHR were significantly correlated with blood pressure. Therefore we suggest that the farmers of this research need to increase intake of nutrients like calcium and vitamin B$_2$ and control the weight.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

본 연구는 비만연구소 복부비만관리 프로그램에 참여한 복부비만율 0.80 이상인 복부비만 여성 195명을 대상으로 12주간 실시하였으며, 프로그램 종료 후 복부비만 감소 여부에 따라 복부비만율 감소군과 복부비만율 증가군으로 나누어 신체계측치의 변화, 식이섭취의 변화, 혈관나이, 스트레스 지수 및 건강지수의 변화를 비교 하였다. 영양소의 섭취량을 살펴본 결과, 체중, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레가 유의적으로 감소한 복부비만율 감소군에서 식물성 단백질, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 엽산, 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C, 식물성지방, 철분, 나트륨, 나이아신, 비타민 E 및 다가불포화지방산의 영양밀도가 유의적으로 증가하였고, 단백질, 칼슘, 인, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$ 그리고 비타민 C의 INQ가 유의적으로 증가하였다. 특히 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 아연, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C 그리고 비타민 E의 변화율은 복부비만율 감소군에서 더 컸으며, 두 그룹간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 식품섭취 다양성의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 식품군별 섭취 가짓수를 비교해 본 결과, 복부비만율 감소군에서 어패류, 두류, 견과류, 채소류 그리고 버섯류 가짓수가 유의적으로 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 복부비만율 감소군에서는 스트레스 지수와 건강지수가 유의적으로 개선된 반면 복부비만율 증가군에서는 건강지수가 감소하였다. 본 연구에서는 복부비만율 변화와 영양밀도, 혈관나이, 스트레스 지수 및 건강지수 변화간의 상관성을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 복부비만율 감소의 변화율이 높을수록 식물성 단백질, 식물성 지질, 섬유질, 칼슘, 철분, 칼륨, 아연, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_6$, 비타민 C 그리고 엽산의 섭취량이 유의적으로 감소하였고, 복부비만율 증가의 변화율이 높을수록 동물성 단백질과 총 지질의 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 스트레스 지수와 건강지수와의 관련성에서는 복부비만율 감소율이 높을수록 스트레스 지수가 유의적으로 감소하는 양의 상관관계를 보인 반면, 건강지수는 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상을 통해 볼 때, 영양교육과 식습관 및 생활습관 개선 교육으로 구성된 복부비만관리 프로그램은 식이섭취에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 스트레스도 완화시켜 복부비만율 개선에 도움이 되므로, 후속 연구에서는 이러한 교육을 장기프로그램에 적용시킨 뒤 이러한 복부비만율 개선이 지속적으로 유지되는 지를 살펴보는 것이 필요하다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of obesity on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults with pre-diabetes. Methods: This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. This study used data from a sample of 3,693 adults with prediabetes who were followed every two years from 2001 to 2018. Statistical data analysis for frequency, number of cases per 1,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 26. Results: During the observation period, there were 1,309 (35.4%) patients with diabetes, and the total number of person-years was 35,342. The incidence of diabetes was higher in the obese group compared to the normal weight group (body mass index [BMI]: hazard ratio=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.40~1.77, waist: hazard ratio=1.55, 95% CI=1.38~1.76, waist to hip ratio [WHR]: hazard ratio=1.53, 95% CI=1.24~1.89, body fat [BF] (%): hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.27~1.61). Conclusion: An increase in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR, which are indicators of obesity, can exacerbate the risk factors for diabetes. Thus, a decrease in BMI, waist circumference, and WHR is necessary to prevent pre-diabetes. In particular, health care professionals should provide individualized weight management program interventions, including adult obesity programs and obesity counseling in partnership with local health departments, to reduce BMI and waist circumference in people at high risk for diabetes.