• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.61-72
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• 2015

This study was reviewed the national greenhouse gas inventory report (NIR) of Annex I countries and estimated national greenhouse gas inventory on wetlands in Korea. Annex I countries submitted National Inventory Report which are focused on land converted to wetlands category and wetland remaining wetland (mainly peat lands) because IPCC did not suggest a formal methodology on flooded land. So we conducted a study on estimating of national greenhouse gas inventory in wetland (flooded land). The total annual $CO_2-eq.$ emission of wetland remaining wetland (flooded land) was ranged from 99.9 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ to 237.1 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ from 1990 to 2012. The $CO_2-eq.$ emissions was declined after peaking in 1995, however, it slightly increasing in recently years. The latest total $CO_2-eq.$ emission from flooded land was 117.7 Gg $CO_2-eq.$ in 2012 which was covered only 0.00002% of national GHG inventory. This means that flooded land is not key-category in Korea. We will consider an improvement for emissions of flooded land, if IPCC suggest formal or complementary methodology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2012

Field experiment was performed from June 2010 to July 2011 to evaluate pollutants removal efficiency in the constructed wetland system for the treated wastewater and the river water. The wetland systems were constructed near Gyungan river. Two different systems with meandering shape were compared for seasonal base and operational period base. Several kinds of aquaculture are planted through the corridor of wetland system. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for A system were 15.8%, 14.8% and 26.5%, respectively. Average removal rate of BOD, T-N and T-P for C system were 23.5%, 27.8% and 10.6%, respectively. The effluent from two wetland systems often exceeded effluent water quality standards for wastewater influent, however effluent water quality standards for river water. However, the wetland system can be useful to treat polluted river water and effluent from wastewater plant. Removal rate of pollutants in seasonal variation was the highest in summer for BOD and T-N, however the removal rates of T-P were higher in spring and autumn than in summer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

Wetland areas have characteristics of dynamic cycling of materials in relation to land and water. Although having great potential for providing unique natural environments, they are vulnurable to human land use activities and some places are in danger of being eliminated. This study had an objective of investigating vegetation changes in Ilwol reservoir to provide basic information for the preservation and ecological restoration of the wetland area. Wetland vegetation was investigated along with the site conditions which may affect the vegetation development. There were 10 vegetation types with various species composition. Humulus japonicus, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites japonica, Bidens frondosa, Typha orientalis, Scirpus tabernaemontari, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii were the major wetland plants found at the reservoir area. Precipitation and water level were the elements mostly affecting the distribution of the plants. Phragmites japonica was closest to the water front, followed by Zizania latifolia, Humulus japonicus and Bidens frondosa. Most plant zones were predominated by one or a few species.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

This study aim is to establish the suitability analysis of a constructed wetland using Geographic Information System. A constructed wetland is a flood control reservoir that is able to control flows and conserve a preserving integrity of nature maximum. It has been did that DB construction of flood area, socioeconomic analysis, and space analysis using GIS. Achieved reiteration arithmetic function from results of several elements, it has been did analysis for possibility space of constructed wetland. Through the analysis of flood area and a constructed wetland capacity, it has been established the estimation where is possible to build wetland. This study is applied suitability analysis method where has been choose the basin of To-Phyeong river in Kyongsang-namdo with methodology presentation about suitability analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the stream water quality by the experimental hybrid constructed wetland system. It consisted of the water layer, sand bed planted reeds, irises and roses, gravel bed, yellow-soil media bed and a flow shifter (FS) which can reverse top and bottom flow in the middle of the wetland. The organic compounds and nitrogen removal efficiencies varied with the seasons, namely temperature change. In summer, the mean efficiencies of COD and TN in the outflow from this wetland system were 63.4 and 48.0% and shown the highest, respectively, whereas, the suspended solids and phosphorus removal efficiencies seemed to be less affected by temperature. As a result of inspecting the decreasing trend of pollutants, nitrification-denitrification in the wetland was the major removal mechanism for nitrogen, the nitrogen reduction was especially enhanced by the application of a FS in the wetland, and phosphorus reduction was mainly occurred as a consequence of adsorption of the yellow-soil media.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

Constructed wetland has been widely used for the treatment of sewage, stormwater runoff, industrial wastewater, agricultural runoff, acid mine drainage and landfill leachate. For the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, uptake by plants and adsorption to media material are the major processes, and, therefore, the selection of media with specific adsorption capacity is the critical factor for the optimal design of wetland along with the selection of appropriate plant species. In this study, two media materials (loess bead and mixed media) possessing different adsorption characteristics for ammonium and phosphate were selected, and their adsorption characteristics were evaluated. In addition, the performance of subsurface-flow wetland systems employing these media was evaluated in both batch and continuous flow systems. With LB medium, beter phosphorus removal was observed, while better ammonia removal was obtained with MM medium. In addition, enhanced removal efficiencies were observed in the wetland systems employing both media and aquatic plants, mainly due to the better environment for microbial growth. As a result, appropriate selection or combination of media with respect to the inflow water quality maybe important factors for the successful design and operation of wetland systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to present the fundamental data for conservation and management of wetland ecosystem by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in major wetlands, Gyeongju National Park. The study sites were Tohamsan wetland, Amgok wetland and Namsan wetland. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 200 taxa including 70 families, 145 genera, 171 species, 2 subspecies, 23 varieties and 4 forms. The threatened species designated by Ministry of Environment was Utricularia yakusimensis, and the rare plants were 7 taxa including Utricularia yakusimensis, Drosera rotundifolia, Mosla japonica, Utricularia bifida, Pogonia japonica, Utricularia racemosa and Iris ensata var. spontanea. The Korean endemic plants were Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 12 taxa including 3 taxa of grade V, 1 taxa of grade IV, 1 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade II and 5 taxa of grade I. The plants with approval for delivering oversea were 9 taxa including Glycine soja, Saussurea pulchella, Habenaria linearifolia and so forth. The naturalized platns were 5 taxa including Rumex obtusifolius, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus and Erigeron strigosus, the invasive alien plant was Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2001

Functional values for wastewater treatment and atmospheric regulation in coastal wetland and rice paddy ecosystems are quantified, and an illustration is given on how to integrate biophysical parameters into a valuation framework. This is one of most controversial issues in economic analysis for wetland preservation versus wetland conversion to agricultural use. This paper includes theoretical considerations for estimating functional values of environmental ecosystems, and the integration of biophysical data and replacement cost method employed. Specific physical and geographical characteristics and data on ecosystem functions and services in coastal wetlands and rice paddies are addressed for evaluating their values in economic terms. In particular this paper indicates double counting problems and overestimation in the previous studies, and demonstrates how to avoid them and to maintain the consistency of valuation process involving a least-cost method, thus enables an accurate integration of the coastal wetland ecology and wetland economics. As a result which is far away from the previous studies, the total economic present value of wastewater assimilation by coastal wetland is estimated at 7,484,640 won/ha, and the net present value of positive effect for atmospheric regulation, negative effects for air pollution and water pollution by rice paddy is estimated at -37,934 won/ha, assuming that resources are infinitely long-lived and the annual value and the rate of discount (10%) is constant every year. In conclusion, for further reliability and validity of functional values for natural resources it is very noteworthy that a general equilibrium framework that could directly incorporate the interdependence between ecosystem functions and services would be preferred to the partial equilibrium framework.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2022

In this study, 4,136 pictures posted on a social media platform were analyzed to discover wetlands that are worth visiting to experience our cultural values. Pictures from 300 of the 2,499 listed wetlands have been posted in South Korea. Proximity of a wetland was the most important criterion, regardless of the type of wetlands that were visited. People visited wetlands at the time and season when they were good for recreational activities. Most of the subjects in the pictures were the visitors and natural scenery of a wetland. There was no correlation observed between the wetland conditions and the number of pictures taken by the visitors. Sightseeing and leisure activities are a significant part of various ecosystem services offered by wetlands, but most of the visitors seem to be unaware that the place they have visited is a wetland. Therefore, wetland awareness programs are needed, even for wetlands close to the residential areas that many people have already visited in this study.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.25-39
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• 2020

This study analyzed the management plan of Seomjin River Chimsil Wetland by identifying landscape changes through aerial photographs analysis and concentrations of sedimentation. Geophysical Landscape Change Analysis showed that vegetation accounts for more than half of the total area. The Barren land and water body was somewhere repeatedly increased and decreased and made an irregular form in the study area. The soil was acidic, and no eurtophication was shown, but it was potential to form wetland. In addition, the research area has been terrestrification of sand bar for a long period of time, forming a soil layer. Although the characteristics of river deposits were shown in the study area, the grain size was a particulate matter, and the sorting was 'very poorly sorted'. In some areas of Seomjin River Chimsil Wetland, sand bars were formed, but most areas were undergoing to terrestrification. Therefore, in order to preserve the riverine area and to serve by a bridge between the land ecosystem and the underwater ecosystem, it is very necessary to remove some vegetation, create a proper waterway, and restore the wetland.