• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 1983

This thesis was to investigate sex defferencd by employing the methodes of Bernadskij's and it's modification by means of the evaluation of pH of dentin in 162 extracted teeth. The obtained were as follows: 1. In 72% of all experinments, pH of human dentin substance was higher in female than in male. Mean pH was 13.175±0.031 in male and 13.245±0.030 in female. 2. After comparative studies on each pH in anatomical region of tooth arrangement, the sex difference of pH was most obviously showed in molars. 3. In pH change according to ages, the 30's was the highest in male and the 20's in female, also pH showed decresing tendency by the increasing of age in both male and female. 4. There was no pH difference in anatomical regions of tooth arrangment. 5. Mean pH was 13.282±0.013 in under 50 years of age and 13.282±0.022 over 50. It proved that pH was higher in under 50 years of age than in over 50.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pigmental reaction and blood components, such as white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular index (mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)), hematocrit, platelet and neutrophil segment, after Cupping Glass Therapy (CGT). Subjects: Twenty-five healthy adults participated in this study; Methods: Subjects had undergone CGT for 5 days and were divided into two groups (dark color (DCG) and light color (LCG)) depending the level of pigmental reaction. Blood was collected from each subject at the beginning of this study and recollected after 5 day s'CGT. Results: The percentage of lymphocytes was higher in LCG than in DCG after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly increased in LCD after CGT (p<.01), The number of RBC was more in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.05). The amount of hemoglobin was more in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly increased in LCD after CGT (p<.01). Mean corpuscular index showed that both MCH (p<.05) and MCHC (p<.01) were higher in DCG than in LCG after CGT, but only MCHC before CGT (p<.01). It also showed either decreased MCV (p<.01) or increased MCHC in LCD after CGT (p<.01). Hematocrite was higher in DCG than in LCG both before (p<.01) and after CGT (p<.01). The percentage of neutrophil segments was higher in BCG than In LCG after CGT (p<.01) and was significantly decreased in LCD after CGT (p<.05). However, neither the number of WBC and platelets nor the percentage of monocytes was significantly different between DCG and LCG either before or after CGT. Conclusion: Pigmental reaction was significantly related to the changes of blood conponents after CGT. The results of this study suggest that CGT may have an effect on the components of blood cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1381-1388
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• 2012

An in vitro experiment was conducted to examine the effects of defaunation (removal of protozoa) on ruminal fermentation characteristics, $CH_4$ production and degradation by rumen microbes when incubated with cereal grains (corn, wheat and rye). Sodium lauryl sulfate as a defaunation reagent was added into the culture solution at a concentration of 0.000375 g/ml, and incubated anaerobically for up to 12 h at $39^{\circ}C$. Following defaunation, live protozoa in the culture solution were rarely observed by microscopic examination. A difference in pH was found among grains regardless of defaunation at all incubation times (p<0.01 to 0.001). Defaunation significantly decreased pH at 12 h (p<0.05) when rumen fluid was incubated with grains. Ammonia-N concentration was increased by defaunation for all grains at 6 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.05) incubation times. Total VFA concentration was increased by defaunation at 6 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.01) for all grains. Meanwhile, defaunation decreased acetate and butyrate proportions at 6 h (p<0.05, p<0.01) and 12 h (p<0.01, p<0.001), but increased the propionate proportion at 3 h, 6 h and 12 h incubation (p<0.01 to 0.001) for all grains. Defaunation increased in vitro effective degradability of DM (p<0.05). Production of total gas and $CO_2$ was decreased by defaunation for all grains at 1 h (p<0.05, p<0.05) and then increased at 6 h (p<0.05, p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.05, p<0.05). $CH_4$ production was higher from faunation than from defaunation at all incubation times (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-95
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• 1997

Elderly problem from being aging society, especially health related problem of the elderly is very serious in many parts of this country. The reason is that most of geriatric disease are chronic and debilitating. The cause of chronic and debilitating disease are bad lifestyle and wrong health habit. Health is affected by a result of interaction of environment and human being. Because of difference of lifestyle between a city and a farm village, health behavior and health status of urban elderly and rural elderly may be dissimilar. Thus the purpose of this study was to grasp health behavior and health status, to identify the factors that effect on health status of the elderly. The subfects for this study, 488 persons aged 60 and over who live in Seoul or Cheonbuk Province. The preliminary survey was carried out from Aug. 19, to Aug. 22, 1996. With complement of questions, main survey was carried out from Sep. 29, to Oco. 10, 1996. The data was analysed by using in SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows. 1. General Characteristics 1) In the individual characteritics of the respondents, Seoulites aged 80 and over were 24.7%, the average age was 73.14 years old and rural residents aged 60-69 were 63.7%, the average age was 68.90 years old. In Seoul, 142 men and 101 women were respondents. In Cheonbuk Province, 101 men and 144 women were answered. In Seoul, those who graduated form elementary school were 35.4%, in farming region, illiteracy persons were 44.9%. In Seoul, 47.7% of respondents had spouse and in farming village, 66.1% of respondents had spouse. 39.0% of respondents who's imcome type was independent were Seoulite, and 66.1% of respondents who's income type was independent were rural residents. Employed persons in Seoul and in rural region were 16.9% and 62.0%. 2. Health Behavior 1) For the health behavior total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant. But the score of individual item was different and statistically significant. 2) For the Seoulites, younger person(p〈0.01), the female(p〈0.001) showed better health behavior and for the farming village residents, younger person(p〈0.01), the female(p〈0.01), independent income type(p〈0.05), employed person(p〈0.05) showed better health behavior. 3. Health Status 1) For the self-rated health status total score, the difference by region was statistically significant and individual item score was different and statistically significant. For ADL and IADL total score, the difference by region was not statistically significant, but individual item score was different and statistically significant. 2) For the Seoulites, woman(p〈0.05), lower education(p〈0.00l), independent income type(p〈0.05) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For rural residents, woman(p〈0.05), lower education(p〈0.01), independent Income type(p〈0.001) showed higher score in self-rated health status. For the Seoul residents, younger person(p〈0.001), employed(p〈0.05) showed higher score in ADL and IADL, and for the farm area residents, younger person(p〈0.001), higher education(p〈0.01), having spouse(p〈0.001), family type(p〈0.01) showed higher score In ADL and IADL. 3) For the Seoulites, drinking(p〈0.05), breakfast(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.05) and for the rural residents, drinking(p〈0.05), deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.01), washing hands before meal(p〈0.01) showed higher score In self-rated health status. For the Seoulites, deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.05) and for the farm village residents, fruit(p〈0.05), deep sleeping(p〈0.05), exercise(p〈0.001) showed higher score in ADL and IADL. We carried out this study to analyze the effectiveness through health education program in short term which was performed to use the special subject activities. This study was conducted on 63 students who were first grade in S Junior High School from Dec. 1995 to Feb. 1996. To analyze the effectiveness, we performed the Pretest, 1st Posttest, and 2nd Posttest for learned health knowledge. The results were as follows: 1. Most of the students(69.8%) responded that their health were good, and they got the information for health through Mass Com.. The students who had experience of health education were 15.9%, and the 77.8% of the respondents needed the health education. 2. The means of health knowledge on tests were 18.2(Pretest), 21.5(1st Posttest), and 21.4(2nd Posttest). Increase of health knowledge between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 10.9%. 3. The mean of differences between Pretest and 1st Posttest was 3.26, it was significant(p〈0.01). And the mean of differences between Pretest and 2nd Posttest was 3.19, it was significant(p〈0.01);however, the mean of differences between 1st Posttest and 2nd Posttest was not significant(p=0.2514). 4. The significant main contents were Health Facilities(d=0.42), Pregnancy and Labor(d=0.39), Hygiene(d=0.35), Safety Education(d=0.66), and Drug Abuse(d=0.60)(p〈0.01).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.347-367
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate drug abuse and to find related factors among high school students. The subjects for this study were 973 students from 10 high schools in Taegu city. The data were collected from September 30, 1996 to October 30, 1996. The questionnaire developed by Kim Soyoaja (1991) surveyed adolescent drug use and questions on smoking and drinking were readjusted and added by the researcher based on review. The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$, t -test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient with the SPSS /PC+. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of students who drank alcohol 1-2 times or more per year was 52.4% and smoked Cigarette 1 -2 times or more per year was 20.8%. The 7 different drugs(Analgetics 5.7%. sleeping pills and sedatives 4.2%, antihistamines 1.1%. stimulants 7.7%, hallucinogens 0.8%, inhalants 3.3%, and narcotics 0.6%) were also evaluated. 2. There was a significant relationship between drinking and type of school($X^2$=62.97, p<.0l), grades($X^2$=33.86, P<.001), school life($X^2$= 19.04, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$= 64.72, P<.001). 3. There was a significant relationship between smoking and type of school($X^2$=153.65, p<.001), grades ($X^2$=67.53, p<.001), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=33.80, p<.001) school life($X^2$ =50.87, p<.001), and delinquent friends($X^2$ =85.28, p<.001). 4. There was a significant relationship between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and type of school ($X^2$=14.65, p<.01), grades($X^2$=12.89, p<.01), their respect for teachers ($X^2$=8.46, p<.05), and delinquent friends($X^2$=22.42, p<.001). 5. There was a significant relationship between a parent's habitual drug abuse and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=7.78, p<.01), as well as a parent's attitude toward drugs and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse($X^2$=6.33, p<.05). 6. There was a significant difference between drinking(t=-12.53, p<.001), smoking(t=-15.98, p<.001), the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(t=-5.77, p<.001), and the respondant's delinquent experience. 7. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4166, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2200, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1428, p<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.5977, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2849, p<. 001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1711, p<.05) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and smoking(r=.4219, p<.001), drinking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.2611, p<.001), smoking and the 7 different kinds of drug abuse(r=.1764, p<.001) among female students. 8. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.0709, p<.05) drinkry and parent -child relationships (r=.1321, p<.01), drinking and mother's rearing attitude(r=.0704, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships(r=.0813, P<.05). There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.14S7, p<.01), drinkng and parent-child relationships(r=.2147, p<.001), smoking and family stability(r=.1544, p<.01), smoking and parent. -child relationships (r=. 2018, P<.01) among male students. There was a correlation between drinking and family stability(r=.1l21, p<.05), drinking and mother's rearing attitude (r=.0988, P<.05), smoking and parent -child relationships (r=. 0940, P<.05) among female students. 9. There was a significant difference between the 7 different kinds of drug abuse and family stability (t=2.23, p<.05), parent-child relationships (t=4. 34, p<.001), satisfaction with family (t=4.02, p<.001), father's rearing attitude(t=3.04, p<.01), mother's rearing attitude(t=2.87, p<.01). The distribution channel of drugs including alcohol beverages and cigarettes should be evaluated and restructured to discourage student's temptation and to limit accessibility. The step by step preventive teaching on alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking is needed from middle school to help prevent further drug abuse.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine catalytic properties of wheat phytase with exopolyphosphatase activity toward medium-chain and long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) substrates for comparative purpose. Methods: Exopolyphosphatase assay of wheat phytase toward polyP75 (medium-chain polyP with average 75 phosphate residues) and polyP1150 (long-chain polyP with average 1150 phosphate residues) was performed at pH 5.2 and pH 7.5. Its activity toward these substrates was investigated in the presence of Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Michaelis constant (K_m) and maximum reaction velocity (V_max) were determined from Lineweaver-Burk plot with polyP75 or polyP1150. Monophosphate esterase activity toward p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) was assayed in the presence of polyP75 or polyP1150. Results: Wheat phytase dephosphorylated polyP75 and polyP1150 at pH 7.5 more effectively than that at pH 5.2. Its exopolyphosphatase activity toward polyP75 at pH 5.2 was 1.4-fold higher than that toward polyP1150 whereas its activity toward polyP75 at pH 7.5 was 1.4-fold lower than that toward polyP1150. Regarding enzyme kinetics, K_m for polyP75 was 1.4-fold lower than that for polyP1150 while V_max for polyP1150 was 2-fold higher than that for polyP75. The presence of Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, or EDTA (1 or 5 mM) exhibited no inhibitory effect on its activity toward polyP75. Its activity toward polyP1150 was inhibited by 1 mM of Ni²⁺ or Co²⁺ and 5 mM of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, or Mg²⁺. Ni²⁺ inhibited its activity toward polyP1150 the most strongly among tested additives. Both polyP75 and polyP1150 inhibited the monophosphate esterase activity of wheat phytase toward pNPP in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Wheat phytase with an unexpected exopolyphosphatase activity has potential as a therapeutic tool and a next-generational feed additive for controlling long-chain polyP-induced inappropriate inflammation from Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium infection in public health and animal husbandry.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting dental hygienists's stress in order to provide dental hygienists's stress management methods. The results of this study were as follows. 1. A sample of 168 dental hygienists were selected to participate in this study. The participate of 66.1% was under 25 old years and 87.5% was unmarried. A majority of he dental hygienists's job place was clinical areas 86.9% and working experience was 1~4 years (47.6%). A average dental hygienists's salary was 1,000,000~1,500,000 won/month (63.7%). A average dental hygienists's working time was under 8 hours/day (57.1%). 5days/week (58.3%) was working and the participate of 78.0% was working on night-time. 2. Dental hygienists's stress under 25 years old was higher than over 26 years old (p < 0.05). It was found that dental hygienists was significantly related to stress from less income (p < 0.05), longer working time (p < 0.01). In job demand areas, Night-time workers (p < 0.05) and 5days/week (p < 0.05) worker was more stress than others participates. In job autonomy areas, longer working experience in present dental clinical(p < 0.01) and higher salary/ month (p < 0.01) were more stress. The job instability of unmarried dental hygienists were more stress than married subjects. In stress of organization system, longer working time/day (p < 0.05), under 25 years old (p < 0.01), high salary (p < 0.05), 5day/week (p < 0.05) dental hygienists's stress was higher than others.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.297-304
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• 1987

A study was carried out to find out the relationship between arginine vasopressin (AVP) release and plasma osmolality in 15 young men (age: 21.4 yr). After an overnight fasting, wale. (20 ml/kg) was imbibed, and venous blood and urine samples were collected every 30 min for 90 min. then 5% saline was infused (0.06 ml/min/kg) for 120 min. AVP was extracted on Sep-Pak column and measured by radioimmunoassay. Under basal condition, plasma osmolality (pOsm), AVP (pAVP) and aldosterone (pAldo) levels were 286.5 mOsm/kg, 1.1 pg/ml, and 140 pg/ml, respectively. pAVP became undetectable during maximum water diuresis, and increased in response to hypertonic saline infusion. pAVP level began to increase when pOsm was above 280 mOsm/kg. Changes in urinary AVP excretion (uAVP) was parallel to pAVP levels. The fall in pAVP was followed by a decrease in uAVP, uOsm and an increase in free water clearance, while the later rise in pAVP was followed by an increase in uAVP, uOsm and a decrease in free water clearance. When pooling all data together, relationships between pAVP and pOsm, and uAVP and uOsm were best expressed by an exponential relationship (r=0.78, 0.86, respectively). pAldo level decreased to 71 pg/ml after water ingestion, and decreased further to 30 pg/ml 2 hr after 5% saline infusion. Even at the same pNa, pAldo level during dehydration state was significantly higher than during hydration state. Negative exponential relation (r=-0.59) was observed between pAldo and pNa. Response to change in body fluid volume was greater in aldosterone than in AVP release.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.502-509
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• 1997

Aromatic pollutants(benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) were photodegraded by using a UV oxidation and the rates of degradation were investigated under various reaction conditions. Each of the solution containing 50 ppm benzene, 150 ppm ethylbenzene and 250 ppm xylenes was found UV-photodegraded over 90% in 1 hour of reaction time, wheras the only was 43 % degradation was obtained with 350 ppm toluene solution. A single component solution was more degradable than a mixed component solution and benzene was almost photodegraded at a pH 4.0, 6.4 and 10.0 after reaction time is 1 hr, ehtylbenzene was photodegraded about 92%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4) and 91%(pH 10.0), xylenes was photodegraded about 95%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4) and 92%(pH 10.0), but toluene was photodegraded about 80%(pH 4.0), 43%(pH 6.4) and 70%(pH 10.0), respectively. Kinetics studies show that the rate of decay in TOC(total organic carbon) were pseudo first-order rate except ethylbenzene, and then we could evaluate mineralization rate constants(k) of aromatics.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.408-419
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• 2017

This study was carried out to compare the relationship between biochemical indices and bone mineral density (BMD) in 50 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into normal and risk groups according to their bone status, as determined by T-scores of the lumbar spine and femur. The average T-score of the lumbar spine was higher (p<0.05) in pre-menopausal women ($0.42{\pm}0.18$) than post-menopausal women ($-0.08{\pm}0.21$). Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, P, and Fe were significantly higher in the risk group than the normal group in pre-menopausal women (p<0.05). Serum levels of total protein, globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin were lower in the risk group than the normal group, whereas the level of estrogen was higher in the normal group than the risk group in post-menopausal women (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, P was positively correlated with Ca (p<0.01), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p<0.05). Further, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was negatively correlated with the vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ and vitamin K (p<0.05). In post- menopausal women, the Ca was positively correlated with vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ (p<0.05) and vitamin K (p<0.01), and P was positively correlated with vitamin K (p<0.01), Ca (p<0.01), and IGF-I (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.05). IGF-I was negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.01) and estrogen (p<0.05), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with vitamin K and estrogen (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, the lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with vitamin K level (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with P level (p<0.05). In post-menopausal women, the femur BMD was positively correlated with estrogen level and negatively correlated with PTH leves (p<0.05). These results suggest that vitamin K and P levels are associated with bone health in pre-menopausal women, and estrogen and PTH levels are associated with bone health in post-menopausal women.