• 에너지공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2014

본 연구는 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지에서 속도 결정단계인 양극 반응($[VO]^{2+}/[VO_2]^+$)을 개선하여 바나듐 반응의 속도를 증가시켜 흐름전지 성능을 향상시키고자 하는 목적으로 진행하엿다. 이를 위해, 다공성 촉매인 CMK3를 사용하여 일반적으로 사용되는 탄소 (Vulcan(XC-72)) 및 상용 Pt/C 촉매 (Johnson-Matthey사 Pt 20wt.%)와 그 성능을 비교하였다. 반응성은 순환주사전류법으로, 구조적 특성은 TEM과 BET&BJH을 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한, 완전지 실험을 통하여 전기화학적으로 나타난 결과가 어떻게 충방전에 적용되는지 확인하였다. 결과, CMK3는 Vulcan(XC-72)보다 6배 향상된 촉매 활성과 2배 이상 향상된 반응가역성이 나타남을 확인하였고, CMK3의 다공성 구조로 인해 Vulcan(XC-72) 보다 큰 표면적을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 아울러, CMK3는 백금 촉매가 없음에도, 상용 Pt/C 촉매의 85% 이상의 반응성과 가역성을 나타내었다. 완전지 실험에서 충방전 곡선은 CMK3를 적용한 흐름전지가 오히려 상용 Pt/C 촉매를 적용한 흐름전지보다 좋은 모습을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.689-692
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• 2005

스피넬계 $LiMn_2O_4$를 양극 활물질로 사용하는 리튬이온전지의 전기화학적 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 서로 상이한 입자크기를 가지는 Super P Black 및 $Vulcan^{(R)}$ XC-72R을 사용한 이성분계 전도성물질을 제조하였다. 이렇게 이성분계 전도성물질을 사용하여 제조되어진 $LiMn_2O_4$ 전지 시스템은 충 방전 동안의 비용량 및 사이클 수명의 관점에서 특성 평가되었다. 결과적으로 Super P Black 및 $Vulcan^{(R)}$ XC-72R이 3:7의 비율로 구성되어진 이성분계 전도성물질을 사용하였을 때의 전지가 우수한 전기화학적 성능을 보여주었으며 이는 적절한 조합의 ionic diffusion rate와 electric contact에 의해 제어되어졌기 때문인 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1990

This study is proposed to investigate the effect of electrode preparation method for Alkaline Fuel Cell using NaOH as an electrolyte on the Fuel Cell performance. The materials used for the preparation of electrode are Pt and Ag on Vulcan XC-72. Surface area of Vulcan XC-72 have different values according to the pretreatment conditions and the dispersion of Pt is dependent on the impregnation Particle size of Pt impregnated on unpretreated carbon was observed to be $20{\sim}40{\AA}$ and that on pretreated carbon in $N_2$ stream at $950^{\circ}C$ was found to be finely dispersed less then $15{\AA}$. The electrode performance was affected by the particle size of metals and operating temperature. It was revealed from this study that the optimum particle size about $30{\AA}$ and optimum temperature range is between $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C$.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

Platinum catalysts for the DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) were impregnated on several carbon supports and their catalytic activities were evaluated with cyclic voltammograms of methanol electro-oxidation. To increase the activities of the Pt/C catalyst, carbon supports with high electric conductivity such as mesoporous carbon, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube were employed. The Pt/e-CNF (etched carbon nanofiber) catalyst showed higher maximum current density of $70 mA cm^{-2}$ and lower on-set voltage of 0.54 V vs. NHE than the Pt/Vulcan XC-72 in methanol oxidation. Although the carbon named by CNT (carbon nanotube) series turned out to have larger BET surface area than the carbon named by CNF (carbon nanofiber) series, the Pt catalysts supported on the CNT series were less active than those on the CNF series due to their lower electric conductivity and lower availability of pores for Pt loading. Considering that the BET surface area and electric conductivity of the e-CNF were similar to those of the Vulcan XC-72, smaller Pt particle size of the Pt/e-CNF catalyst and stronger metal-support interaction were believed to be the main reason for its higher catalytic activity.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2002년도 연료전지심포지움 2002논문집
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• pp.197-200
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• 2002

The electrooxidation of methanol was studied using carbon-supported PtRu(1:1) alloy nanoparticles In sulfuric acid solution for application to a direct methanol fuel cell. The GNF-supported catalyst showed excellent catalytic activities compared to those of Vulcan XC-72. The structure and electrocatalytic activity of carbon-supported electrocatalyst were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CV and CA confirmed the advantage of GNF as the supporting material. This can be explained by assuming that the enhanced activities of GNF-supported catalyst for methanol electrooxidation were caused by the unique properties of GNF.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

60% Pt on Vulcan XC-72 with similar Pt sizes to fuel cell grade Pt black was investigated by $\^$13/C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), cyclic voltammery (CV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experiments were carried out on electrochemically cleaned samples as well as as-received. The TEM and CV results showed that the average particle sizes were changed by cleaning. However, the chemical shift （$\delta$$\_$G/） of $\^$13/C of $\^$13/CO absorbed on Pt surfaces did not show any appreciable variation with particle size change as did in Pt black. These results indicate that a combination of different analytic techniques is essential to understand the properties of the metal particle catalysts and that the presence of carbon black support strongly influences the NMR data, probably through metal-support interaction.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2001년도 연료전지심포지움 2001논문집
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• pp.179-184
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• 2001

The diffusion layer within MEA(membrane electrode assembly) has been evaluated important factor for improvement of cell performance in DMFC. The diffusion layer in MEA structure leads to the reduction of catalyst loss in active catalysts layer as well as prevention of water-flooding in cathode. Cell performance is directly affected by interior properties of diffusion layer materials. Acetylene Black and $RuO_2$ with large pore size and low porosity compared to Vulcan XC-72R gave better performance caused by vigorous methanol diffusion and water removal. And $RuO_2$ as diffusion layer materials showed different behavior in anode and cathode compartment, that is, diffusion layers in anode and cathode side make methanol diffusion and water removal facilitate, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.93-93
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• 2011

Nanostructures consisting of $TiO_2$ particles as a core and carbon as a shell ($TiO_2$@C) were prepared by heat treatment of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles at high temperature in a methane atmosphere. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that a carbon shell layer was formed well. These structures were used as supports for platinum nanoparticles and the hybrid particles exhibit improved catalytic activity and stability toward ORR compared to Pt on a carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R). It is likely that enhanced catalytic properties of the Pt on $TiO_2$@C could be due to the stability of the core-shell support in comparison with carbon black support.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3145-3150
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• 2010

Ruthenium catalysts modified by selenium have been introduced as alternative materials to Pt in Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). RuSe nano-particles were synthesized on the Vulcan XC72R carbon supports via polyol method. The prepared catalysts were electrochemically and physically characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV,) linear sweep voltammetry, methanol tolerance test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energydispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the Se concentration up to 20 at % increased the electro-catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction. By increasing Se amount, Ru metallic form on the surface was increased. The $Ru_{80}Se_{20}$/C catalysts showed the highest oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and outstanding methanol tolerant property in half cell tests as well as single cell test.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2013

방사선환원법을 통해 탄소지지체(Vulcan XC-72$^{(R)}$)를 기반으로 한 나노사이즈의 PtRu-Ni/VC와 PtRu-Sn/VC를 합성하였다. 합성된 촉매는 투과전자현미경(transmission electron microscopy, TEM), 주사전자현미경-에너지 분산형 분석기(scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, SEM-EDS), X선 광전자 분광기(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS), X선 회절(X-ray diffraction, XRD)을 통해 촉매의 표면과 구조 및 성분에 대해 특성평가 되어졌으며, 촉매 전기화학적 효율 및 안정성 대한 평가를 위하여 산소 환원 반응, 메탄올 산화반응과 CO 흡착 효율을 E-TEK사에서 상용촉매로 판매되는 PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (60 wt% PtRu)와 비교하였으며, 이에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다. 수소 흡 탈착 반응 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK). 메탄올산화반응 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK). 단위셀 효율 : PtRu-Sn/VC > PtRu-Ni/VC > PtRu/VC$^{(R)}$ (E-TEK).