• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2009

Recently, the construction of Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers(LNGC) is being promoted larger and larger depending on long voyage. In 1950 years, $5,000m^3$ class of LNGC had been changed to $71,500m^3$ class in 1973. and to $210,000-266,000m^3$ class in 2007. Especially, the system of main engines and cargo control, Re-liquefaction of natural gases have become possible in LNGC. This research deals with the LNG projects, world markets of energy and developing tendency of liquefied natural gas carriers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.385-386
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• 2010

The ship's seakeeping performance in the pitching and roll motion was felt tired. These gives structural loads to loaded with cargo and hull facilities. Be to improve, small catamaran power yacht designed a data for ship research and ship's hull form to be decided. In this study, based on domestic release for coastal marine environment in the interpretation criteria were chosen based on the exercise performance. The seakeeping performance of marine leisure catamaran was based on voyage speed. The seakeeping performance estimates based on the encounter angle, the wave of the encounter frequency response amplitude ratio for exercise was assessed in the high performance area.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-139
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• 2005

The case, Papera Traders Co. Ltd. and Others v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. Ltd and Another(The Eurasian Dream), was occurred on July, 1998 when the ISM Code became mandatory under SOLAS and from that date it applied to oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. On July 23, 1998, a fire started on the deck of pure car carrier Eurasian Dream while in port at Sharjah. The source of fuel was the stevedores action of pouring petrol or transferring fuel in some way - refueling or pouring into a carburettor. The fire eventually destroyed or damaged the vessels cargo of new and second-hand vehicles and rendered the vessel itself a constructive total loss. Justice Cresswell held that the fire that destroyed or damaged the cargo was due to the unseaworthiness of the vessel they have the burden of proving that the vessel was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage and that the loss or damage was caused by that unseaworthiness. This case was a dispute between dependent and claimant alleging that the carrier should provide "properly man, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so manned" under Hague-Visby Rules. Although ISM code was not officially applied to the carriage by car carriers until July 2002, a rule based on the code had customarily been employed as a mean for international dispute resolution. Examining the above case closely, the purpose of this study is to explore the relation of ship management and obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.637-643
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• 2007

In many fields, commercial programs or equipments are biting developed and these are getting complicated more and more by adding advantages from existing products. In promoting the usability of these products, design based on the information integration receives attention. However, is information integration always better? In this study, we tried to demonstrate information distribution is more efficient than information integration through conning display design that was propelled by many countries' classification societies. We designed the conning display using many ergonomic methods and conducted its performance experiment. Results of the performance experiment reveal that conning display having two modes (one shows the functions related with ocean and coast voyage and another shows the functions related with docking and leaving port) is more efficient.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.137-169
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• 2013

This article intends to analyse some features in Exclusion Clauses of the Institute Cargo Clauses 2009 and the results of analysis are following. First, the insufficiency of packing or preparation exclusion under the revised Clause 4.3 is now more limited than before and the Clause suggest the test of sufficiency or suitability "to withstand the ordinary incidents of the insured transit". Secondly, the word "proximately" was deleted under the revised Clause 4.5 for the insurer to be identified more easily as a cause, but it remains to be seen whether that re-drafting will be successful. Thirdly, The exclusion under the revised Clause 4.6 does not apply unless the insurer can prove that, at the time the subject-matter insured is loaded on board the vessel, the assured was aware, or in the ordinary course of business should have been aware, that the relevant insolvency or financial default could prvent the normal prosecution of the voyage, and to a person who purchase the goods from the assured in good faith under a binding contract. Fourthly, the exclusion in respect of unseaworthiness of vessel under Clause 5.1.1 applies only where the assured is privy to the unseaworthiness, whereas the exclusion in respect of unfitness of container or conveyance under Clause 5.1.2 includes the privity of the employee. Finally, Clause 7 establishes the definition of terrorism, and adds ideological and religious motive to political motive.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.439-446
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• 2008

High Tech Design manner is a design concept that had been constantly discussed in constitution process of the West art history and modem ideology and had been experimented in industry, having started from futurism and structuralism in the early 20th century through Kinetic Art & Technology Art and up to now. High Tech Design had a great influence also on Post Modernism and more important is that this manner of design will be existing continually in the future too. From the modem times when machine civilization started, the artist and designers expressed a utopia will showing the future world with help of High Tech Design and modem people are realizing technology images as a utopia, in the space and material presented by this high tech design. And this utopia imply the images of dynamic power, speed making a voyage in universe, dream of future, hope, mass production, earth's environment, wealth etc. High Tech furniture was lightly designed by using thin steel wire, structure stressing the metallic characteristic and tempered glass, and it was used for presenting a convenient interior space visually, and with that it can make a unified sense in High Tech interior space, and a contrary effect compared with minimal space. High Tech Design equipped with glass and metal materials looking inappropriate for our interior space due to their sharp and cold image has been regularly used as living furniture, not only decoration function, and then there must be reasons for that. This study intends to research how High Tech Design has been changed and developed in the design history & West art history from the early 20th century, and to present it's value of development as data orienting, namely a direction for the industry of the next-generation and furniture design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1975

The catch per unit effort and the migration of Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma were deduced from the catch data of 1, 208 hauls of a stern trawler operated on and around the continental shelf east of the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kurile Islands from October 1974 to December 1975. Alaska pollack occupied more than ninety per cent of the total catch of approximately 17, 760 metric tons, while the cuttle and flat fishes occupied less than five percent. Beside those fishes, approximately 131 metric tons of Alaska pollack roe were produced during the voyage from February to April 1975. The mean catch per unit effort in each sub-area of fishing ground was approximately 15.5 metric tons and the peak of the CPUE occured in January and August. The CPUE in the continental shelf east of Kamchatka Peninsula ($50^{\circ}- 52^{\circ} N$ Lat) showed the maximum of 25-34 metric tons in August. The main fish school is thought to migrate southward speedily in August-September along the continental shelf from the Kamchatka Peninsula to the east of Kurile Islands. The CPUE on the continental shelf east of Kamchatka Peninsula was higher than that on the steeper continental slope. However, the CPUE on the steeper flank of the bank east of Paramushiru Island and Onekotan Island was remarkably higher than that on the relatively flat top of the bank. The small-sized fishes of less than thirty centimeter in fork length began to recruit in the fishing ground since August 1965.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

There are various environmental conditions under which ship may navigate over ocean or in harbor. Ship's torque and speed change frequently under the voyage conditions. In this case, harmonics is created in the electrical power systems. The major adverse impacts of voltage and current harmonics in the electrical power systems on generator, transformer, converter, inverter and propulsion motor lead to the increase of machine heating caused by iron and copper losses which are dependent on frequency. In this paper, an analysis of THD(total harmonic distortion) for currents and voltages in the propulsion equipment was carried out. The THD and torque ripple in the input currents of the propulsion motor have been confirmed by the simulation results.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

Sea operation monitoring system is a system for the automatic ship operation that is used on the variety sea operations such as laying optical cables on the sea between the countries, laying cables on the seabed for a remote island, laying pipelines for the natural gas, and so forth. This system processes data which obtained through setting up environment and input from several sensors, and display GPS information with ENC data. And this system processes not only data of route file about sea operation, but also realtime information from PDA of client wirelessly connected with AP on wireless LAN. In addition, this system can improve efficiency of the operation as a result of enabling free movement within valid range. This paper design and implementation monitoring system from above appropriate to the embedded system, and improve competitive power of ship through prevention of a ship accident, to keep minimizing operation loads and support both the automatic ship operation and the safety voyage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2011

Since 2003, policies and practices related to the reduction of CO₂ gas emission from ships has been discussing by the International Maritime Organization. The representative emission index and indicator are the EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) for the new ships and EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) during the voyage. For the CO₂ emission monitoring system, the SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) is also on the table. This global preparations to reduce theCO₂ emission is not except for the surface transportation. This research report elucidates the recent stream on the IMO CO₂ emission from ship and detail explanation on the EEDI and EEOI.