• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1394-1398
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to examine the seasonal changes in feed intake and feeding behavior in Korean spotted deer under farmed condition to obtain basic information for efficient feeding management. The seasonal daily gain was the highest (p<0.05) in summer and the lowest (p<0.05) in winter. Dry matter intake (DMI) was the highest (p<0.05) in spring (2,685 g/day) and the lowest in winter (1,929 g/day). Intake of roughage in the DMI was the greatest in spring and that in winter was significantly lower (p<0.05) than in spring. Also DMI, expressed in terms of metabolic body weight ($kgW^{0.75}$), was 85.5 g, 70.6 g, 70.9 g and 65.1 g for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, and thus was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter (p<0.05). Deer exhibited similar eating patterns, comparatively short and frequent periods, in all seasons. They showed comparatively intensive patterns of rumination during midnight for autumn and winter and relatively continuous patterns of chewing activity during spring and summer. There were no significant differences in seasonal eating time and ruminating time. However, exercise time was the greatest for winter and the lowest for summer and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between summer and winter. Although not significant, eating time per 100 gDM ingested tended to be short in spring and summer and long in autumn and winter. Ruminating time per 100 gDM ingested was the shortest (p<0.05) in spring compared with in other seasons. The conclusion can be drawn that since deer have seasonal differences in feed intake and feeding habits, it is necessary to establish and develop an efficient feeding system for deer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Global aviation is projected to grow in demand by an annual average of 4.1% between 2014 and 2034. It can be said that environmental impact from aviation will therefore be expected to increase on a similar scale. As regards civil aviation emissions, the sector contributes between 2~3% to International aviation GHG emissions. In the European Union(EU), aviation emissions account for about 3% of the EU's total green house gas emissions, of which a majority are said to come from international flights. In terms of traffic volume in 2013, Korea's international aviation industry 11th with regard to passengers and 3rd with regard to cargo, attaining the overall rank of 5th in the world. GHG emissions has been increasing steadily over the last 4 years, averaging 3.9 percent a year, due to the growth of low cost carriers and the increased demand for air transportations. As for aviation in Korea, there are a number of means intended to attain the Government's emission control objective in an efficient manner, such as AVA (Agreement of Voluntary Activity), TMS (Target Management System) and ETS (Emission Trading Scheme). In addition, the Government intends to better adapt to ICAO's Global MBM(Market-based Measures) that will come into performance on Year 2020. In the study, we focused on GHG mitigation measures that is fulfilling the AVA, TMS, ETS in the Government and suggest the effective measures to reduction the aviation GHG emissions.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.80-91
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• 1999

Background : With the CQI concepts, which emphasize doing the right things right the first time, we tried to enhance the timely completion of medical records by changing the review process from retrospective method to concurrent one. Methods : Against the current retrospective QA activity, Medical record administrator did the concurrent QA of the inpatient medical records with the deficiency sheets. One general surgery ward was chosen as a trial one. The deficiency rate of the medical records of the discharged patients was compared before and after the enforcement of the system. Job analysis of the medical record departments was done about four tertiary care hospitals located in Seoul to estimate the cost and the time consumed by current system. Results : There was a little improvement in the completion rate of the medical records after the trial. The new system was effective. And job analysis showed that much money and time were wasted by current retrospective feedback system. Conclusion : Though the result was not so satisfactory, it should be considered that this test was a voluntary one and the interns and residents were not forced to complete the medical records during this trial period. If there be any strong motivation to complete the medical record in time, this system is sure to be succeed. As the DRG system requires the concurrent review of the medical records to confirm severity of the patient's illness and to assure the timely discharge, it is desirable to enforce this method with the DRG system together. DRG coding and reducing deficiency rate of the medical records can be accomplished simultaneously.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the change in electromyography (EMG) activity in the gluteus maximus (G-max) and the gluteus medius (G-med) in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during three functional postures. Twenty four females were recruited for this study. Subjects were assigned into two groups: with CAI ($n_1=12$) and without CAI ($n_2=12$). The assessment postures were rotational squat, one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway. Electromyographic activities of the G-max and the G-med were recorded using surface EMG and was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction elicited using a manual muscle testing. Independent t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between two groups during the three functional postures. The comparisons of the three posture between two groups were performed using a one-way repeated analysis of variance. A Bonferroni adjustment used for post hoc analysis. The activation of EMG on G-max performing the one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway in subjects with CAI is significantly higher than normal group (p<.05). The activation of EMG on the G-max during the rotational squat was significantly increased, compared to those of the one leg stand above a gradient and crossed leg-sway (p<.05). The activation of EMG on G-med performing three exercise at CAI is significantly higher than normal group (p<.05). The activation of EMG on the G-med during the crossed leg-sway was significantly increased, compared to the rotational squat (p<.05). This study provides valuable information for clinician who research CAI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.388-393
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• 2004

The organic law on the Construction Industry, initially, this law was enacted with a view to preserving and fostering the specialty of each type of industry. By dividing each construction business boundary, it gradually settles the system of construction specialized on the basis of productive stages. Controversy over the abolishing regulations on business boundary still continues to swirl. Since the intensity of exclusion as well as rigidities become increased. This results from the fact that informations are not shared among business boundary and businesses under the protection of the business boundary regulations choose 'rent-sicking activity'. According to dissidents against this law, structure should be established not by artificially enforced institution but by voluntary efforts of participants in construction industry. This paper aims at improving the competitive of the construction industry by showing the efficient system of construction and proving the legitimacy of abolishing business boundary

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1999

Standing up from a supine and prone position is very important for physical independence. All kinds of patients have a bed rest or lying on floor without special care. Even though the patient had complete from illness. He must train the functional activities before discharge. There are many method for the functional activity training. Likewise, sing of reflex, voluntary movement for muscle strength increasing, but clinically ideal method is approaching with motor developmental stage. Supine and prone progression of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation have a ideal reason. That is reflex integratation, development of muscle tone, develop of motor control, dynamic and static, motor behavior and cognition.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2018

Objectives: In most countries around the world, sex work is an illegal activity. Female sex workers (FSWs) in Iran hide their identities, and they are known to be a hard-to-reach population. Despite free access to HIV testing, fewer than half of FSWs receive HIV testing. The purpose of this study was to characterize the reasons for which FSWs do not seek testing at drop-in centers (DICs) and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers in Iran. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2016. The participants were 24 FSWs who received services at VCT centers and DICs for vulnerable females in the north of Iran and 9 males who were the clients of FSWs. In this study, we made use of purposive sampling and carried out a thematic analysis. Results: We found 4 major and 6 minor themes. The major themes were: fear of being infected (with HIV), stigma, indifference, and knowledge. Conclusions: Despite the significant efforts made by the government of Iran to establish and expand DICs for vulnerable females, the number of FSWs receiving services at these centers has not been very considerable. Consequently, by introducing and implementing training programs for peer groups, it may be possible to take steps toward establishing strategic programs for the control and prevention of HIV/AIDS.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.377-403
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to measure the social worker's knowledge about facts on aging and attitude toward the elderly between Korea and Japan. and to find out the variables that may influence their attitude. Four hundred and sixty two social workers working in nursing homes were given the questionnaire containing the Kyung San Facts on Aging Quiz to measure the level of knowledge about aging and Yoon (1988)'s scale to find the direction of attitude toward the elderly. The results of this study are analyzed as follows: (1) The Korean social worker's level of knowledge about aging was 63.0%, which was lower than Japanese social worker's level (67.6%). (2) Using 5 points scale. mean of the Korean social worker's attitude toward the elderly was 2.2 (44.8%), which was significantly different from the Japanese social worker's attitude 3.2 (63.4%). (3) Using multiple regression analysis, the social worker's level of knowledge about aging was the most significant predictor to explain the social worker's attitude toward the elderly. The other variables that are also statistically significant predictors of the social workers' attitude were country, personal experience with the elderly. and voluntary experience for the elderly. Especially the significant predictors to explain the Korean social workers' attitude were their levels of knowledge about aging. age, and classification of social worker license. On the other hand. the significant predictors to explain the Japanese social workers' attitude were their levels of knowledge about aging and periods of activity, Based on the research results, implications for practice and education methods for making social workers' attitude toward the elderly more positive are also suggested.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.219-229
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• 1999

Nowadays the use of computer has a tendency to be being increased in classroom. Also, Many mathematics teachers are attempting to use computer efficiently in classroom. Computer has unique functions such as graphic, animation, and error correction. As graphic and animation can make the content of mathematics visible and make it easy for learners to study mathematics, it is desirable to develop the computer educational program and use it in teaching and learning mathematics. Especially, before concepts study on the unit of Figure or Function, the use of graphic or animation is efficient by being able to understand easily the content. The purpose of this thesis is to produce the computer program on the Movement of Figure in the unit of Equation of Figure which is in mathematics curriculum for the first grade of high school. In teaching and learning mathematics by use of this program, the educational effects are expected as follows: 1. It is expected that this program will stimulate the interest of learners by using animation and acoustic (sound) effect and so learners' voluntary and active thinking activity will be shown. 2. It will be helpful to form exact concept because it is possible to understand intuitively the basic concepts on the Movement of Figure by using graphic and animation. 3. It is expected that the repeated study of this program already designed will remove the fear of incomplete parts and help review them. 4. It is possible to change from teacher-centered instruction, which is the blind point of recent mathematics education, to the learner-centered instruction. However, it is necessary to realize that using the educational engineering (computer) in mathematics education cannot always cause learners to study mathematics very well and that computer cannot take the place of mathematics teacher. Accordingly, computer will be treated as aids which help learners study difficult part.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.494-502
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• 2017

This study examines how the Netherlands and Denmark lowered the increase in income inequality, at a period in time when income inequality in the world was deepening. This study investigates the level and trend of income inequality in the Netherlands and Denmark compared to those in Korea, the United States, Germany and Sweden. Using the method of the decomposition of changes in income inequality, this study identifies which factors are associated with the changes in inequality in these countries. It also explores which labor market policies mitigated inequality in these two countries. One of the major reasons for the reduction in earned income inequality in the Netherlands is the increased participation of women in economic activity through the increase in voluntary part-time working. In particular, the policies designed to promote equal treatment between full-time and non-regular workers contributed to the active participation of women in part-time work. Using active labor market policies, Denmark improved the proficiency of low skilled and low-wage workers, thereby alleviating the wage gap between high-income and low-income workers. Based on the experiences of the Netherlands and Denmark, this study discusses policy directions to mitigate income inequality in Korea.