• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Purpose : The muscle strength of iliopsoas (IL) was measured commonly in sitting position with hip and knee flexed 90°. However, there is no study to determine the muscle strength of IL in various test positions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the muscle strength of IL and muscle activity of rectus femoris (RF) according to test position and knee flexion angle. Methods : Twenty healthy subjects were participated for this study. The muscle strength of IL and muscle activity of RF were measured by hand-held dynamometer and surface electromyography during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of IL, respectively. The muscle strength of IL and muscle activity of RF was measured in 4 conditions as follows; 1) knee flexion angles 90 ° in supine, 2) 130 ° in supine position, 3) 90 ° in sitting, 4) 130 ° in sitting. Each condition were performed randomly by three repetitions. Results : The muscle strength of the IL was the main effect on the test position and knee flexion angle (p<.05), and the muscle activity of RF was the main effect only on the knee flexion angle (p<.05). There was also no interaction between the factors (p>.05). In supine position, the muscle strength of IL in knee flexion 130 ° was significantly less than that in knee flexion 90 ° (p<.0125). In knee flexion 90 °, the muscle strength of IL in supine position was significantly greater than that in sitting position (p<.0125). The muscle activity of RF in knee flexion 130 ° was significantly less than that in knee flexion 90 ° in supine and sitting positions (p<.0125). Conclusion : When the muscle strength of IL was measured in clinic and sports fields, the supine position with knee flexion 130 ° was recommended to prevent the muscle activation of RF and to maintain the trunk stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.209-231
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to develop and apply a means of connecting reading movement and Newspaper In Education (NIE) activities utilizing the voluntary participation and cooperation of local school districts and autonomous government entities. This is necessary to revitalize or systematize the environmental social life of reading newspapers and NIE activity. Literary or inquiry research will be initiated in this study in order to quantify the current or actual conditions of this connection, delineating the basic objectives of this study, and determining the developmental directions for continuing this study as related to the connection of reading movement and NIE activity. Anticipated study activities or major tasks are as follows. First, develop a variety of intended programs and learning materials necessary for each. Secondly, develop and establish corresponding online data and educational programs. Thirdly, a "cooperation" system must be established and training programs implemented reinforcing these ideas. And, lastly (and to gain wider acceptance), starting a public relations campaign to show or illustrate the benefits of this study and these intended research activities. In conclusion, if a connection between reading movement and NIE activity are fully established and periodically adjusted by means of continuing discussions on the merits or concerns based on the study findings, the full potential of the reading movement connection with NIE activity will be realized and achieved to its truest meaning and/or highest order.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2002

Speaking skill is an important quality in expressing oneself in school life. Quite a few students experience difficulties at school because of the lack of adequate speaking ability. In order to help them, a Web-based speaking enhancement system is designed and developed using computers equipped with multimedia devices with which students can practice speaking while they are observing graphical representation of voices, which is to cause interest and voluntary participation in the learning activity. The learning system was tested on a group of 44 students of 4th grade in an elementary school. The students were divided into three smaller groups in terms of speaking ability. The experiment shows the effectiveness of the system in building speaking ability.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2011

This study describes behavioral characteristics of Korean population over twenty years old in a variety of activities of daily living by analyzing the raw data of the time use survey provided by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT). Seven activities and forty four sub-activities of daily living were selected for analysis : personal care, employment, household care, family care, voluntary work and community participation, social life, recreation and leisure, and travel. In order to quantitatively understand how Korean adults spend their time for a day and how their lifestyle changes over time, we collected the time recorded by 3,673 respondents in three surveys over the past ten years (in 1999, 2004, and 2009). Then, we performed analysis of variance to compare the behavioral characteristics by user age and gender based on the mean time of each activity. The differences in behavior among user groups and over time could be used to design ergonomic products and services based on user experience, especially for universal design of housing and transportation facilities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-89
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• 2013

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a multigene family of multifunctional phase II metabolic enzymes. GSTT1, an important member of this group has a wide range of substrates including carcinogens. Total homozygous deletion or null genotype resulting in total lack of enzyme activity exists in populations for this enzyme. Since the null genotype may contribute to lower detoxification of carcinogens, this genotype is expected to increase cancer risk. The frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype is known to vary significantly among populations. However, little is known about its distribution in the hilly Kumaun region of northern India. Therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of the GSTT1 null polymorphism in the Kumaun popilation by conducting duplex PCR in 365 voluntary healthy individuals. The GSTT1 null genotype was detected in 18.4% of the individuals. Since GSTs play significant role in xenobiotic metabolism, the present data on GSTT1 genotype distribution should contribute in understanding genetic association with cancer risk in this understudied population.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.311-321
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• 2017

In recent years, awareness of talent donation has been increasing as a way to lead a happy life with others. The purpose of this study is to investigate participation characteristics such as participation difficulties, participation period, service target, participation field, participation style, participation motive of beauty talented volunteers. This survey responded to 701 beauty talent volunteers. Participation difficulties included lack of skills and capability, lack of social awareness, and lack of spare time. Participation characteristics varied according to gender, age, education, occupation, monthly income, etc. Based on the results of these researches, the suggestions for activation for donating beauty talents were presented.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2010

Material Testing Method subject of Metal Materials, which is one of curriculum of engineering major high school, is not properly updated even though both science and technology are advancing rapidly. Especially, the need of fractographic technique, which can analyze the fracture surface with the advanced testing equipment and technique, is increasing. The importance and the analyzing method of Fractography are proved by the characteristic analysis of pressure tube fracture surface of HWPR. In the future, in order to increase the professional knowledge and their pride of engineering major high school student, these advanced subject should be included in the new crriculum of engineering major high school. This activity to involve the advanced subject should be carried out voluntary by the first line teacher before the responsible body.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on multifidus and external oblique abdominis muscle activation during hip contraction of three types (concentric, isometric, eccentric) in standing position. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy adult men volunteered to participate in this study. Muscle activation was recorded from gluteus maximus, both multifidus, and both external oblique abdominis by surface electromyography (EMG) while holding position in the type of gluteus maximus contraction. EMG values were normalized by maximum muscle contractions (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction). All subjects performed hip extension with three contraction methods. The type of gluteus maximus contraction using Thera-band was composed of concentric contraction (type 1), isometric contraction (type 2), and eccentric contraction (type 3). To measure muscle activation on the gluteus maximus contraction type, each position were maintained for 5 seconds with data collection taken place during middle three seconds. Muscle activation was measured in each position three times. Results: For the results of this study, there was no significant difference within three contraction patterns of the gluteus maximus (concentric, isometric, and eccentric) each both multifidus, both external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus. And there was no significant difference among both multifidus, both external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus each hip extension contraction type. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific contraction types of the gluteus maximus does not lead to a more effective activation of the multifidus, external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of flexible pole training combined with lumbar stabilization in improving trunk muscle activities and to investigate the difference according to posture in young adults. Methods: Twenty-five participants were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into either the flexible pole group or the rigid pole group. Participants performed lumbar stabilization exercises on quadruped and curl-up, with the flexible pole or rigid pole. Electromyography was used to assess the percent maximal voluntary isometric contracion (%MVIC) of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and erector spine (ES) muscles. All participants completed one 30-minute session per day, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. The evaluation was performed before and 6 weeks after the training, and follow-up. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and two-way repeated measure analysis of variance to determine the statistical significance. Results: The flexible pole in curl-up showed significant differences in EO and IO muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The flexible pole in quadruped showed significant differences in IO and ES muscle activities compared with the rigid pole. The RA, EO, IO, and ES muscle activities of both groups were significantly higher after 6 weeks training. Conclusion: The flexible pole in curl-up and quadruped showed an improvement in trunk muscle activation. The flexible pole combined with lumbar stabilization will be useful as an exercise tool to improve activity of trunk muscles.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to analyze fatigue patterns of the rectus femoris muscle by isometric contraction. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects(10 male, 10 female) participated in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) was measured by the dynamometer. Muscle activity was recorded from the rectus femoris muscle. During the experiment, the subject was seated in the chair. The measured items, median frequency(MDF) and root mean square (RMS), were collected from the surface EMG. All data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was significant difference of MVIC between male and female. Endurance time was significant difference by the level of MVIC but no significant in the main effect(sex) and interaction effect. The MDF and fatigue index were significant differences in the interaction effect. The RMS was not significant difference in both of main and interaction effect. The muscle fatigue patterns of female was greater than male after 60% MVIC. Conclusion: This study showed that sex differences of muscle fatigue were started from 60% MVIC.