• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2001

Blood and urine mercury level of three workers were monitored during 60~80 days after high exposure to mercury at the silver refining plant. Mercury was used to form silver-mercury amalgam from plating sludge. Workers were exposed to mercury about 70 days at the several processes, such as hand held weaving, vibration table, and heating from the furnace. mercury was analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy-vapor generation technique. Recovery from the biological sample was 95.51% and pooled standard deviation was 0.033. At the time of study, there was no work at the workplace. So, airborne mercury concentration was measured with area sampling 5 days after the work, ranged from 0.1459 to 1.2351 mg/㎥(Arithmatic mean 0.4711 mg/㎥, Geometric mean 0.3566 mg/㎥) at the inside of the plant, that is far above the ACGIH's TLV(0.025 mg/㎥) and ranged from 0.0073 to 0.0330 mg/㎥ at the outdoor. Blood mercury levels at the beginning of the monitoring were 4~14 times greater than the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Biological Exposure Index(ACGIH BEI, 15 ug/L). Blood mercury levels were decreased logarithmically, that is, rapidly at the high level and slowly at the low level but sustained above the level of the ACGIH BEI 60~80 days after the work. Urine mercury levels at the beginning of the monitoring were 8~16 times greater than the ACGIH BEI(35 ug/g creatinine). Urine mercury levels were decreased logarithmically, but correlation between urine level and off-days were lower than those of blood. Decreasing pattern of blood mercury levels were little affected than that of urine levels when the chelating agent, D-penicillamine, was administered. There was correlation between blood mercury level and urine mercury level(0.81~0.83) but it didn\`t mean that the highest blood mercury level corresponded the highest urine mercury level. In our study, Case 1 always shows the highest level in urine but case 3 always shows the highest level in blood. Creatinine correction represented better correlations between urine mercury levels and blood levels, and between urine levels and off-days rather than by urine volume. Spot urine sampling had a wide variation than that of whole day urine sampling. So, We recommend spot urine sampling for screening and whole day urine sampling for exact diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.93-93
• /
• 2003

소의 수정란이식에 있어서 성공적인 임신을 위해서는 수란우의 적절한 영양상태, 양질의 수정란, 이식 시술자의 기술력과 수란우와 수정란의 적절한 동기화가 필수 요인이라 사료된다. 특히, 적절한 동기화를 위해서 발정관찰은 필수적이지만 번거롭고 장시간동안 관찰을 해야 하는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 보완할 수 있도록 발정동기화 처리방법을 비교, 검토하여 수정란이식에 있어서 효과적인 발정동기화 방법을 모색하고자 실시하였다. 발정동기화 방법은 Fig 1과 같이 CIDR처리방법(A군)과 GnRH 처리방법(B군)을 사용하였으며, 황체의 등급은 직장검사와 초음파 진단기를 이용하여 직경이 2cm 이상, 1~2cm와 1cm 미만의 황체를 각각 1등급, 2등급과 3등급으로 분류하였다. 또한 본 실험에 공시된 수정란은 체외 생산된 한우 배반포기의 수정란을 사용하였으며, 1등급의 황체를 가진 수란우만을 선별하여 비외과적인 방법으로 황체가 존재하는 자궁각심부에 이식하였다. 임신진단은 이식 후 45~60일에 직장검사와 초음파진단을 이용하여 실시하였다. 발정동기화처리결과는 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 A군과 B군에서 발정발현율이 각각 100%와 96%로 나타났으며, 이식하기에 적합한 1등급 황체의 출현율이 65.4%와 56%로 A군에서 다소 높게 나타났다. 발정동기화 처리방법에 따른 수정란 이식 후 수태율은 A군에서 신선란과 동결란일 때 각각 66.7%와 60%로 나타나 B군의 22.2%와 0%의 결과보다 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 수정란 이식을 위한 발정동기화 방법은 CIDR 처리방법을 적용하는 것이 GnRH 처리방법 보다 효율적이라 사료된다.다. 특히 기능황체에서의 특이적 발현 spot을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로부터 황체의 progesterone분비기능의 역할을 수행하기 위한 단백질들이 전, 중기에 발현된다는 것을 알 수 있고 퇴행황체에서는 발현이 안되고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 다른 양상을 띤 spot을 분리하여 어떤 단백질인지를 분석하여 각각의 황체단백질의 특성을 규명할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.적율(HCT)을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 적혈구 평균용적(Mean Corpuscular Volume ; MCV), 평균적혈구혈색소량(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ; MCH), 평균적혈구혈색소농도(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ; MCHC) 그리고 혈소판(Platelets) 분석결과 형질전환돼지가 일반돼지보다 약간 높은 수치를 나타냈으며 변화양상 또한 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 시험분석결과를 토대로 사람 조혈촉진유전자(hEPO)가 형질전환된 돼지는 유즙으로 발현할 수 있도록 형질전환 되었음에도 불구하고 헤모글로빈 및 적혈구가 증가함으로서 형질전환돼지 개체의 혈장으로도 사람 조혈촉진인자가 분비하고 있음을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다. 정상돼지 보다 형질전환돼지가 약 30% 높은HCT 수준을 보였으며 이러한 현상은 사람에서는 적혈구증다증(erythrocytosis)으로 분류되고 있다. 이에 대한 고찰은 형질전환돼지 자체의 생리적 문제점(side effects)에 대한 해결과 더불어 기존의 인간질병에 대한 모델동물로서의 이용 가능성을 제시할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.mu\textrm{m}$ 300BG는 56.32$\mu\tex

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.184-196
• /
• 2013

We need to develop new renewable energy that could fundamentally replace fossil fuel, since the volume of economy and industry of our time becomes uncontrollably enormous. One of the alternative is to develop energy based on marine biomass, which would meet environment and energy needs at the same time. The marine bio-energy productions is supposed to occupy 50% to 500 million TOE in bio-energy production that is based on the Korean 3rd new renewable energy technology development, utilization, supply plan until 2030. This study attempts to apply input-output analysis to investigating the economic impacts of marine bio-energy development project in the Korean national economy. More specifically, this study shows what national economy effect of production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, employment-inducing effect, and R&D-inducing effect are explored with demand-driven model. Furthermore, this study attempts to define and classify the marine bio-energy development project sector from I-O table. Also, this study pays particular attention to marine bio-energy development project by taking the industry as exogenous specification and then investigating its economic impacts. The Marine bio-energy development project case 223 billion won, production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are 312 billion won, 87 billion won, 1,151 persons, and 5 billion won respectively. These quantitative information can be usefully utilized in the policy-making for the industrialization of marine bio-energy development project.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.103-153
• /
• 2010

"Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)" is a classic medical work, written by the outstanding physician Dohwa(陶華) in the Ming Dynasty. The characteristic of "SangHanJeonSaengJip" is that this book succeeded to the spirit of pattern identification and treatment of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, newly changed a table of contents by symptoms, and together with this indicated the prescriptions in accordance with diswase-pattern at "YujeunghwalInseo(類證活人書)", "Hwajegookbang(和劑局方)" etc. Also because this kept the existing ephedra decoction, cinnamom twig decoction, minor decoction of bupleurum, decoction for reinforcing middle-energizer and replenishing qi etc.'s name on and unlikely indicated the medicine composition, it caused confusion, but at the later ages "Euhakipmun(醫學入門)" the so-called 'Doci(陶氏)' was added to the prescription name, so we are able to distinguish. Together with this, this book dose not indicate the dosage of medicine and indicates the first, the second, and the third classes[上中下] below medicine. As this dose not mean the three grades of quality"good, fair, and poor[上中下] of "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica" but expresses the sovereign medicinal as the first class[上], minister medicinal as the second class[中] and assistant and courier medicinal as the third class[下], doctors can voluntarily decide the dosage of medicine in accordance with the degree of disease. At this thesis, I single out ten chapters in contents of 2nd volume named Hyeong(亨) corresponding to the details, among "Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)". I discussed superficial fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 1, aversion to cold types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 2, syndrome caused un-sufficient sweating in chapter 3, organic fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 4, aversion to wind types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 5, Tidal fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 6, Alternative attacts of chills and fever in chapter 7, Dysphoria with smothery sensation in chapter 8, Fidgetiness of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 9, and Headache of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 10, and together with this I discussed, in detail, which influence the prescriptions which are listed on each chapter have caused on future generations In accordance with this, I think that the above-mentioned symptoms and prescriptions are important when I research cold damage and warm disease study. So I orderly research revision, annotation, rendering and an investigation.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
• /
• v.8 no.2 s.17
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 2006

To handling the extreme situation that must manage positional information of a very large volume, at least millions of moving objects. A cluster-based sealable distributed computing system architecture, called the GALIS which consists of multiple data processors, each dedicated to keeping records relevant to a different geographical zone and a different time zone, was proposed. In this paper, we proposed a valid time management and time-zone shifting scheme, which are essential in realizing the long-term location data subsystem of GALIS, but missed in our previous prototype development. We explain how to manage valid time of moving objects to avoid ambiguity of location information. We also describe time-zone shifting algorithm with three variations, such as Real Time-Time Zone Shifting, Batch-Time Zone Shifting, Table Partitioned Batch-Time Zone Shifting, Through experiments related with query processing time and CPU utilization, we show the efficiency of the proposed time-zone shifting schemes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.21
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 1987

This study was carried out to know physical growth and development, physical and nutritional indices and body fat weight and so forth by semi-longitudinal research method to measure body height, body weight, chest girth and sitting height of 260 of general high school and 306 of vocational high school 3rd grade students who are living in Seoul and born from 1966 March 1st to 1967 Feb.28th. The results are as follows: 1) Physical growth and development Growth in terms of body height showed one step straight linear development, andthat of body weight showed two step straight linear development in each section in high school. The age of cross over between two sexes of general high school students was between 10.6 to 12. 3 years in body height, between 10.8 to 13 years in body weight, between 11.2 to 14.6 years in chest girth and between 10 to 13 years in sitting height. The age of cross over between two sexes of vocational high school students was between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body height, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body weight, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in chest girth and between 10.5 to 12.5 years in sitting height. In this periods, female group was superior to male group and after that male group was superior to female group again. The growth of vocational school students was superior to that of general school students in both sexes in terms of body height and body weight significantly. 2) Physical growth and nutritional indices In all cases of relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative sitting height, it was found to be increasing thereafter with advancing ages. In cases of $R{\"{o}}hrer$ index and Kaup index, it was found to be reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. In each case of Vervaeck and Pelidisi index, it was found to be increasing and reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. 3) Total body fat by vital measuring method Average values of body surface area, body volume and body density are measured indirectly by using the body height and body weight as Table 12, 13 and 14. The rate of body fat weight of general high school students was from minimum $11.96{\pm}3.53%(3.33{\pm}1.10kg$) to maximum $18.25{\pm}6.46%(9.08{\pm}2.01kg$) in male and from $25.88{\pm}3.62%(7.96{\pm}0.78kg$) to $43.00{\pm}7.22%(12.91{\pm}1.21kg$) in female. The rate of body fat weight of vocational high school students was from minimum $11.20{\pm}2.88%(3.32{\pm}1.13kg$) to maximum $17.16{\pm}5.88(10.83{\pm}3.16kg$) in male and from minimum $25.11{\pm}2.26%(7.91{\pm}0.89kg$) to maximum $42.16{\pm}7.96%(13.22{\pm}1.75kg$) in female.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.62 no.1
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 1983

The effects of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, on the growth of the Korean red pine, Pinus densiflora, were examined for the natural forest stands at nine locations: Seocheon-gun, Boryong-gun, and Hongseong-gun in Chooncheongnam-do, where consequence of the infestation had been different. To estimate the economic threshold level of the pine needle gall midge, the growth impacts due to the insect were examined with terminal shoot growth, and cambial growth by analyzing the growth horizontally and vertically. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In general, the growth impacts of the red pine trees were significant for the five consecutive years since damage had occurred, and its maximum retardation was shown in the second and the third years. 2) Simultaneous retardation occurred in both terminal and cambial growth of the tree, probably due to cumulative characteristics of the feeding behaviour. 3) Strong correlation was found between terminal and cambial growth of Korean red pine and this was true for the trees infested by pine needle gall midge. Thus retardation in cambial growth due to the insect may be estimated with that in terminal growth. 4) Infestation was greater on slope facing north than south even though the history of the infestation had been similar. 5) The stem volume of 13-year-old, infested Korean red pine was reduced by more than 75-85%, compared to same aged, uninfected pine in yield table. Thus, much longer period is required to recover the normal growth.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.67-85
• /
• 2006

As Lee Heon-gil's books have been handed down in oral tradition and written form, there are several different versions including the one edited by the author. Books known to be his writings include Eulmisinbang, Majinbang contained in Susangsingam, and Majinbang, Majingibang and Majinbibang mentioned in Joseoneukhaksageupjilbyeongsa. Among Lee Heon-gil's books, Eulmisinbang was mentioned first in literature. Its original version is missing, but a large part of it is quoted in Magwahoitong, through which we can see the contents of Eulmisinbang. The meanings of Eulmisinbang are as follows. First, it is the most reliable woodblock-printed version as it was the base of Magwahoitong. Second, quotations in Magwahoitong are so accurate that they demonstrate the original texts of Eulmisinbang and can be used in comparison with other versions. Third, Eulmisinbang has the largest volume of contents among Lee Heon-gil's books. Susangsingam was printed again in the early 1900s by combing Majinbang and Sanbangsurok. Majinbang included in the book had been known to come from China but, through comparison with the original, it was found to be the same as Eulmisinbang. Majinbang is considered to be Eulmisinbang handed down in different name, and shows the original structure of Eulmisinbang. Considering its table of contents and the contents, Majinbang mentioned in Joseoneukhaksageupjilbyeongsa looks the same as Majinbang included in Susangsingam. Majingibang was edited by extracting the quotations of Eulmisinbang in Magwahoitong, and was reprinted in the name of Majinbibang. Through analyzing Lee Heon-gil's books, we found two courses through which his books have been handed down. First, Eulmisinbang was quoted separately according to the new structure of Magwahoitong, and the structure of Magwahoitong had been maintained and reprinted under the titles of Majingibang and Majinbibang. Second, Eulmisinbang had maintained its original structure, handed down in the name of Majinbang, and reprinted under the title of Susangsingam. Based on the findings, we selected the quotations of Eulmisinbang in Magwahoitong and Majinbang included in Susangsingam as texts for studying Lee Heon-gil's medicine for measles. Accordingly, it looks likely to rebuild a new research text based on the two woodblock-printed versions, and it will be a crucial material for studying Lee Heon-gil's medicine for measles.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.393-404
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to capture the essentials in survey and evaluation scheme which are able to assess the hazard of a rock slope systematically. Statistical analysis are performed on slope instability parameters related to failure of the rock slope. As the slope instability parameters, twelve survey items are considered such as tension crack, surface deformation, deformation of retaining structures, volume of existing failures, angles between strike of discontinuity and strike of cut slope face, angles between dip of discontinuity and dip of cut slope face, discontinuity condition, cut slope angle, rainfall or ground water level, excavation condition, drainage condition, reinforcement. A total of 233 road cut slopes located in Gyeongnam were considered. The stability of the road cut slopes were evaluated by estimating the slope instability index(SII) and corresponding stability rank. 126 rock slopes were selected to analyze statistical relation between SII and slope instability parameters. The multiple regression analysis was applied to derive statistical models which are able to predict the SII and corresponding slope stability rank. Also, its applicability was explored to predict the slope failures using the variables of slope instability parameters. The results obtained in this study clearly show that the methodology given in this paper have strong capabilities to evaluate the failures of the road cut slope effectively.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2015

In Tomotherapy the couch sags during the treatment due to the weight of the patient. In this study, we developed a simple method to obtain the amount of the sag and the pitch angle of the couch using the image processing technique of MVCT images in Tomotherapy. Using the method we evaluated the sag and pitch of couch for 22 head and neck patients and one craniospinal irradiation (CSI) patient. The sag and the average pitch angle of couch were 0.40~1.54 mm and $0.7^{\circ}$ for head and neck patients, respectively. For head and neck patients, the sag increased as the longitudinal length of the irradiation volume increased and the pitch angle showed no relationship with the longitudinal length. For the CSI patient the sag was 4.97 mm. Using the method the amount of the couch sag could be measured easily and the measured data could be useful in determination of margins considering the table sag error.