• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.249-255
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• 2011

It is complicate problem to optimize removing natural organic matter (NOM) by activated carbon in drinking water treatment because the activated carbon has heterogeneous surface area and pore structure. Seven different coals based activated carbons which have different pore structures were used in the study. Sand filtered effluents which normally used as GAC adsorber influent were used. The molecular weight distribution showed that most of the NOM was bigger than 10,000Da. In this study, systematical approaches such as characteristics of surface area and pore volume were evaluated on NOM adsorption. Especially, the adsorption capacities for NOM were evaluated by effect of micro-pores and meso-pores in surface area and pore structure. The results show that the higher ratio of meso-pore compare to the micro-pore has not only the better adsorption capacities for NOM but also the higher strongly-adsorbable fraction. Therefore, the overall adsorption capacity is increased with higher meso-pore ratio with existing of reasonable micro-pore surface area and volume.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.631-642
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• 2020

This paper studies nonlinear stability behavior of a nanocrystalline silicon curved nanoshell considering strain gradient size-dependency. Nanocrystallines are composite materials with an interface phase and randomly distributed nano-size grains and pores. Imperfectness of the curved nanoshell has been defined based on an initial deflection. The formulation of nanocrystalline nanoshell has been established by thin shell theory and an analytical approach has been used in order to solve the buckling problem. For accurately describing the size effects related to nano-grains or nano-pores, their surface energies have been included. Nonlinear stability curves of the nanoshell are affected by the size of nano-grain, curvature radius and nano-pore volume fraction. It is found that increasing the nano-pore volume fraction results in lower buckling loads.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

Effects of pores on the microwave properties in microwave dielectric ceramics were studied by a computer simulation. Scattering matrix S$\_$21/ obtained from the network analyzer was compared to the S$\_$21/ obtained from the simulation. From electric field distribution, the dominant resonant TE$\_$01$\delta$/ mode could be easily determined. The effects of the porosity and pore size inside the dielectrics on the microwave properties were investigated by the HFSS simulation. When the total pore volume remains constantly, the quality factor decreased as the pore size Increases. As the total pore volume of the dielectrics increased. quality factor decreased.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1162-1168
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• 2015

Accelerated thermal aging of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) was performed for 0 days, 80.82 days, and 161.63 days at 100℃, which is equivalent to 0 y, 40 y, and 80 y of aging, respectively, at 50℃. After freshwater flooding, the volume electrical resistivity of CSPE was highest after 180 days of drying, and its insulating property recovered when dried for more than 300 days. The dielectric constant of the CSPE was not measured after seawater flooding. The dielectric constant of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE was higher after freshwater flooding than that before seawater flooding. The bright, open pores of CSPE were converted into dark, closed pores after seawater flooding, and the dark, closed pores of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE samples were partly converted into bright, open pores after freshwater flooding. The apparent density of CSPE increased slightly whereas its elongation at break (EAB) decreased until 80 y of accelerated thermal aging before seawater flooding. The peak binding energies of oxygen in the non-accelerated and accelerated thermally aged CSPE for 40 y and 80 y were shifted by more than 1.0 eV after seawater and freshwater flooding. The CH2 content in the non-accelerated and accelerated thermally aged CSPE for 40 y and 80 y after seawater flooding for 5 days was lower than that before seawater flooding whereas atoms such as Cl, O, Pb, Al, Si, Sb, and S that are related to conducting ions such as Na⁺, Cl^-, Mg²⁺, SO4 ^2-, and K⁺ were relatively increased.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.380-388
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• 2000

The porosity of polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was investigated using a nitrogen porosimeter, and the dyeability of the treated fibers was discussed in terms of the porosity. In pore distribution, the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were characterized by higher amount of pores below $10\AA$ than those of the untreated fibers, and by shift of the pore size having maximum accumulated volume from $10\AA$ for the untreated fibers to $5~6\AA$. As the weight loss of the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution increased, BET surface area and total pore volume increased linearly, but average pore size, showing some different aspect, increased steeply at earlier stage and then approached the maximum value. The dye uptakes of the polyester fibers treated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution increased with the BET surface area, the total pore volume and the average pore size. The alkali treatment increased the surface area of polyester fibers, so that the chance of contact between the fiber and dye molecules increased. In addition, the pores created on the surface of polyester fibers by alkali treatment might act as pathways for dye molecules into the polyester fibers.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.627-636
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• 2023

The essence of subgrade mud pumping under train load is the migration of fine particles in subgrade soil. The migration of fine particles will change the pore structure of overlying ballast, thus affecting the mechanical properties and hydraulic properties of ballast layer. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering value to study the effect of fine particle migration on the pore structure of ballast layer under cyclic loading. In this paper, a tailor-made subgrade mud pumping test model and an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning equipment were used to study the influence of migration of fine particles in subgrade soil on the pore parameters (plane porosity, volume porosity, pore distribution and pore connectivity) of overlying ballast under cyclic loading. The results show that the compression of ballast pores and the blockage of migrated fine particles make the porosity of ballast layer decreases gradually. And the percentage of small pores in ballast layer increases, while the percentage of large pores decreases; the connectivity of pores also gradually decreases. Based on the test results, an empirical model of ballast porosity evolution under cyclic loading is established and verified.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.367-370
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• 2014

The accelerated thermal aging of a CSPE were carried out for 0, 80.82, 161.63 days at $100^{\circ}C$, which are equal to 0, 40 and 80 years, respectively. The volume electrical resistivities of the non-accelerated thermally aged CSPE and the accelerated thermally aged CSPE for 40y and 80y were $9.620{\times}10^{12}{\sim}1.246{\times}10^{13}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, $5.066{\times}10^{12}{\sim}7.576{\times}10^{12}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and $7.195{\times}10^{12}{\sim}9.208{\times}10^{12}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at room temperature, respectively. The dielectric constant of the non-accelerated thermally aged CSPE and the accelerated thermally aged CSPE for 40y and 80y were 3.355~4.030, 2.996~3.963 and 3.020~4.776 at room temperature, respectively. After seawater and freshwater flooding, the volume electrical resistivity of the CSPE trend slightly upward according to drying day at room temperature. After seawater flooding, the dielectric constant of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE were not measured. After seawater flooding, bright open pores of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE were partly transferred to dark close pores due to salinity. After freshwater flooding, dark close pores of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE were partly transferred to bright open pores because salinity of them is decreased. An insulation property of a cable in NPPs was decreased because of the seawater flooding, and an insulation property of them was recovered through the freshwater flooding. As a result, it is considered that an insulation property of a contaminated cable through Tsunami can be recovered if it is cleaned quickly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement was measured as a function of some selected construction variables that are often encountered in practice. They are initial (or compaction) water content, delayed compaction after mixing, and repeated freezing and thawing. Sandy and clayey soils were used. The hardening agent used was a cement based soil stabilizer consisting of 80% of ordinary Portland cement and 20% of a combination of supplementary materials. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement with varying initial water content was, in trend, similar to that of compacted clay. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement decreased with increasing initial water content and reached its minimum when compacted wet of optimum water content. Pore size distributions of soil cement at different initial water contents were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The analysis showed that dryer condition led to the formation of larger pores with lesser total pore volume; smaller pores with larger total pore volume at wetter condition. Hydraulic conductivity of soil-cement increased by orders in magnitude when specimen underwent delayed compaction of longer than 4 hours after mixing and repeated freezing and thawing.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1463-1471
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• 2015

The surface modified activated carbons (SMACs) were prepared with various $P_2O_5$ concentrations using two activated carbons (ACs: waste citrus peel-based activated carbon and coconut-based activated carbon). The characteristics and adsorptivity of bisphenol A (one of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals) were compared between ACs and SMACs. The contents of C, H and N of SMACs were similar to those of ACs, but the content of $P_2O_5$ for the former increased greatly than for the latter, due to the impregnation of $P_2O_5$ into the pores. The specific surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter and iodine adsorptivity for the former decreased due to the impregnation of $P_2O_5$ into the pores, compared to those for the latter. The adsorptivity of bisphenol A for the former were higher than that for the latter, although specific surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter and iodine adsorptivity for the former were lower than those for the latter.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

The paper considers a theoretical model to study sulfate ion diffusion in saturated porous media - cement based mineral composites, accounting for simultaneous effects, such as filling micro-capillaries (pores) with ions and chemical products and liquid push out of them. Pore volume change and its effect on the distribution of ion concentration within the specimen are investigated. Relations for the distribution of the capillary relative radius and volume within the composite under consideration are found. The numerical algorithm used is further completed to consider capillary size change and the effects accompanying sulfate ion diffusion. Ion distribution within the cross section and volume of specimens fabricated from mineral composites is numerically studied, accounting for the change of material capillary size and volume. Characteristic cases of 2D and 3D diffusion are analyzed. The results found can be used to both assess the sulfate corrosion in saturated systems and predict changes occurring in the pore structure of the composite as a result of sulfate ion diffusion.