• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2016

Objectives: Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Cisplatin, a standard platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapeutic agent, has the potential to inhibit the growth of lung cancer. Its use, however, is occasionally limited by severe organ toxicity. However, until now, no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy with proper experimental support in vivo. Therefore, we examined whether biosynthesized Pt nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo to validate their use in alternative and complementary medicine. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro and the in vivo anticancer efficiencies of biosynthesized Pt NPs in a subcutaneous xenograft model with A549 cells. Severe combined immune deficient mice (SCID) were divided into four groups: group 1 being the vehicle control group and groups 2, 3 and 4 being the experimental groups. Once the tumor volume had reached $70-75mm^3$, the progression profile of the tumor growth kinetics and the body weights of the mice were measured every week for 6 weeks after oral administration of Pt NPs. Doses of Pt NPs of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups and a dose of honey was administered to the vehicle control group. The efficacy was quantified by using the delay in tumor growth following the administration of Pt NPs of A549 human-lung-cancer xenografts growing in SCID mice. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Pt NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the growth of A549 cells, and the in vivo evaluation showed that Pt NPs at the mid and high doses effectively inhibited and delayed the growth of lung cancer in SCID mice. Conclusion: These findings confirm the antitumor properties of biosynthesized Pt NPs and suggest that they may be a cost-effective alternative for the treatment of patients with lung cancer.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2015

Objectives: Condurango (Gonolobus condurango) extract is used by complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners as a traditional medicine, including homeopathy, mainly for the treatment of syphilis. Condurango bark extract is also known to reduce tumor volume, but the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Methods: Using a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) as our model, the molecular events behind condurango extract's (CE's) anticancer effect were investigated by using flow cytometry, immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Other included cell types were prostate cancer cells (PC3), transformed liver cells (WRL-68), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results: Condurango extract (CE) was found to be cytotoxic against target cells, and this was significantly deactivated in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that its action could be mediated through ROS generation. CE caused an increase in the HeLa cell population containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage at the G zero/Growth 1 (G0/G1) stage. Further, CE increased the tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and the fas receptor (FasR) levels both at the ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the protein levels, indicating that CE might have a cytotoxic mechanism of action. CE also triggered a sharp decrease in the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) both at the RNA and the protein levels, a possible route to attenuation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and caused an opening of the mitochondrial membrane's permeability transition (MPT) pores, thus enhancing caspase activities. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest possible pathways for CE mediated cytotoxicity in model cancer cells.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

Objectives : This study is performed for the purpose of proving the efficacy of the Oriental medicine of swollen leg. Edema is defined as an increase in the extravascular(interstitial) component of the extracellular fluid volume, which may expand by several liters before the abnormality is recognized. We treated one case of patient with a swollen leg. Methods & results : We examined DITI before treatment and after treatment. We measured the circumference of thigh and calf every morning, so we compared with the values day after day. So we found the fact that leg swelling considerably decreased after treatment for 14 days. We followed up after discharge. Conclusions : Acupuncture, Aquacupuncture and Herbal medicine is possible to be effective for treating patients with a swollen leg.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-65
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• 2010

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Benincasae Semen Herbal-acupuncture (BS-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on nephritis induced by LPS in rat. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with Benincasae Semen Herbal-acupuncture(BS-HA) injection at KI10. Two control groups, N.P. group and saline group, were treated with 26 gauge needle at KI10, 3 times a week. In Saline group normal saline was injected at KI10. To evaluate the effects of Benincasae. Semen Herbal-acupuncture at KI10 on nephritis in rats, WBC, Neutrophils in blood, BUN, Creatinine TNF-$\alpha$, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume and creatinine and Total protein in urine, reanl TNF-$\alpha$, renal MPO were measured and reanl tissue was also analyzed. Results: BS-HA injected at KI10 significantly inhibited WBC and neutrophil in blood. creatinine in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. BS-HA injected at KI10 reduced concentration of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusion : BS-HA at KI10 has a therapeutic effect for nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat There fore, it is suggested that BS-HA at KI10 may be an useful therapeutics in clinical field after further researches.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Coptidis rhizoma extract compared with quantity on Staphylococcus epidermidis that induce keratitis. Methods : MIC was measured by dropping to 50${\mu}l$ according to density Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) compared with quantity(40g, 80g, 160g). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity and density in 100% and 10% of all samples(40g, 80g, 160g). 2. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in Coptidis rhizoma extract(40g, 80g, 160g) was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity all samples($20{\mu}l$, $30{\mu}l$, $40{\mu}l$, $50{\mu}l$) in 100% density, but anti-bacterial potency of 80g, $50{\mu}l$ Coptidis rhizoma extract decreased compared with 40g, $50{\mu}l$. 3. MIC on Staphylococcus epidermidis in 40g Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed in $50{\mu}l$, $40{\mu}l$ of 10% density, 80g Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed in $50{\mu}l$ of 10% density, 160g Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed in $50{\mu}l$, $40{\mu}l$, $30{\mu}l$ of 10% density. Conclusions : Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compare with quantity and density. In herbal drug, anti-bacterial potency compare with quantity and density must be studied.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

Objective This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Coptidis rhizoma extract compared with quantity on Staphylococcus aureus that induce keratitis. Methods Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$　according to density Coptidis rhizoma extract(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1%) compared with quantity(40g, 80g, 160g). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity and density in 100% and 10% of all samples(40g, 80g, 160g). 2. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract(40g, 80g, 160g) was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity all samples($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$) in 100% density. 3. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma extract(40g, 80g, 160g) was showed anti-bacterial potency compared with quantity all samples ($20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l,\;40{\mu}l,\;50{\mu}l$) in 100% density. Anti-bacterial potency of 80g Coptidis rhizoma extract decreased compared with 40g. Anti-bacterial potency of 160g Coptidis rhizoma extract decreased compared with 40g in $20{\mu}l,\;30{\mu}l$. Conclusions Coptidis rhizoma extract was showed anti-bacterial potency compare with quantity and density. In herbal drug, antibacterial potency compare with quantity and density must be studied.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the toxicity of Aconitum ciliare Decaisne pharmacopuncture(ADP). Methods : The toxicity was evaluated for lethal dose for 50 percent kill(LD50), single dose and repeated dose for 4 weeks. Toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs and histopathological test were observed for 4 weeks. Dose of 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, 3,600, 4,800, 6,000, 7,200 mg/kg in the LD50 experiment, 300, 600, 1,200 mg/kg/day in the single experiment, 150, 300, 600 mg/kg/day in 4 weeks experiments were injected into BALB/c mice. The ADP was injected into ST36 of the right leg. Normal saline solution of same volume was used for control group. In 24 hours after the last treatment, blood samples were taken after anesthesia by inhalation of ethyl ether. After that, the BALB/c mice were euthanized. Their heart, lungs, kidneys, liver and reproductive organs were removed and weighed. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. Results : ADP's LD50 was measured at 6,000 mg/kg. In both single and repeated dose toxicity test, no BALB/c mouse died during the experiments. ADP treatment for 4 weeks did not show any significant changes in toxic symptoms, weight measurement, hematological test, blood biochemical test, visual examination and weight measurement of major organs and histopathological test. Conclusions : As a result, ADP's LD50 was 6,000 mg/kg and repeated dose at a concentration of 600 mg/kg or less is considered to be not harmful for clinical treatment.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.169-189
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• 2000

To investigate effects of vanous herbal-acupuncture, which were Daebangpungtang, Oyaksungisan, Dokhwalgisaengtang, and Binsosan on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of TNF-${\alpa}$, COX -2, and IL-6, and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. After elicilating arthritis of Sprague Dawely(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complets adjuvant for 2 weeks, saline was injected for the control group, Daebangpungtang acua-acupuncture was injected for the Daebangpungtang group, Oyaksungisan acua-acupuncture was injected for the Oyaksungisan group, Dokhwalgisaengtang acua-acupuncture was injected for the Dokhwalgisaengtang group, and Binsosan acua-acupuncture was injected for the Binsosan group during 30days. Selected point was ST35 in all groups. 1. The number of WBC was $8.24{\pm}0.51$($10^3$/ml) in the normal group and $27.35{\pm}3.51$($10^3$/ml) in the control group. the Daebangpungtang group and the Oyaksungisan group decreased each $20.42{\pm}2.75$($10^3$/ml) and $19.78{\pm}4.99$($10^3$/ml) in the Exp.ll group. This fact showed that the group Exp.ll was more effective than the control group effectively. (P<0.05) 2. The volume of the paw were checked. The volume of paw was $0.62{\pm}0.11mm in the control group and $0.45{\pm}0.08$mm in the Daebangpungtang group and $0.47{\pm}0.07$mm in the Oyaksungisan group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Daebangpungtang and Oyaksungisan group(P<0.05) 3. The bands of the TNF-${\alpa}$, COX -2 in the muscular tissue of the control group wcre certain and thick than other groups(except normal group), and the band of the IL-6 in the muscular tissue of all group(except normal group) were similar forms. 4. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in thc control and Dokhwalgisaengtang group. But the Oyaksungisan and Daebangpul1gtang group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state. From these results, it is showed Oyaksugisan and Daebangpungtang acua-acupuncturc refrain inflammatory reaction and muscular tissue necrosis in SD rats paw were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.135-152
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture on Adjuvant Arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globulin in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague Dawely(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complets adjuvant for 2 weeks, saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $ST_{35}$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.38{\pm}0.17mm$ in the Exp. II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05) 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $20.39{\pm}4.23(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.38{\pm}1.75g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 4. The contents of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the Exp. I group. and $2.71{\pm}0.34g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II was more effective than the Exp. I group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05) 5. The contents of globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group. and $3.67{\pm}0.56g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the stastical analysis 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state. From these results, it is showed Taraxaci herbal-acupuncture refrain inflammatory reaction and muscular tissue necrosis in SD rats paw were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.93-109
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• 1999

To investigate effects of Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture on adjuvant arthritis in rats, the edema rate, the number of WBC, the quantity of total protein, albumin and globuline in the blood serum and histological test of the muscular tissue were measured in the arthritis part. 1. After elicitating arthritis of Sprague dawley(SD) rats by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant for 2 weeks, normal saline was injected for the Exp. I group and Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was injected for the Exp. II group during 30days. Selected point was $D\acute{u}b\acute{i}(ST_{35})$ in both the groups. And then the volume of the paw were checked. The volume of the paw was $0.84{\pm}0.14mm$ in the Exp. I group and $0.47{\pm}0.11mm$ in the Exp.II group, the swelling of the paw was restricted significantly in the Exp. II group(p<0.05). 2. The number of WBC was $10.34{\pm}0.14(10^3/ml)$ in the normal group and $37.47{\pm}5.46(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. I group. It was $21.24{\pm}2.58(10^3/ml)$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the group Exp. II with Achyranthis Radix herbal-acupuncture was more effective than the Exp. II group in the treatment of arthritis(p<0.05). 3. The content of the total protein in the blood serum was $6.14{\pm}0.43g/dl$ in the normal group, $7.95{\pm}0.94g/dl$ in the Exp. I group, and $6.41{\pm}0.68g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in total protein between the Exp. II group and the Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 4. The content of albumin in the blood serum was $2.94{\pm}0.13g/dl$ in the normal group, $2.01{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in Chang Tong-young the Exp. I group and $3.15{\pm}0.27g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. This fact showed that the Exp. II group had significant increase in the serum albumin from the statistical analysis compared with the Exp. I group. 5. The content of the globulin in the blood serum was $3.19{\pm}0.48g/dl$ in the normal group, $4.70{\pm}1.26g/dl$ in the Exp. I group and $3.26{\pm}0.57g/dl$ in the Exp. II group. There was no significance in the serum globulin between the Exp. II group and Exp. I group from the statistical analysis. 6. In histological finding, because of severe inflammatory reaction, remarkably irregular tissue and large amount of inflammatory cells were found in the Exp. I group. But the Exp. II group showed small amount of inflammatory cells, the refrained inflammatory state and even recovering state.