• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 1992

자유표면하에 잠긴 복잡한 3차원 물체 주위의 흐름을 해소하기 위한 수치계산법이 TUMMAC(Tokyo Univ. Modified Marker And Cell)법을 기초로 하여 개발되었다. 임의물체의 no-slip 3차원 물체표면조건을 보다 간단히 처리하기 위하여 "porosity"라는 개념이 도입되었으며, 담수성에 잠겨 있는 해저돌출물 주위의 유동을 계산하여 그 응용성을 검토하였다. 돌출물 후방의 복잡한 와동들의 상호간섭이 잘 시뮬레이션 되었다.시뮬레이션 되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2007

To fabricate a thick, porous yttria-stabilized zirconia without cracking and warping, a method for the simultaneous control of the porosity and shrinkage was designed. As a pore former, a potato starch was used. For the control of shrinkage the oxidation of Al metal particles was used. For the sintering of the above powder mixtures, a partial sintering technique was used at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 10 min in air. Upon adding the additives, high open porosity above 53% and a low shrinkage level were obtained. As a result cracking and warping of the sintered body were deterred. This outcome most likely resulted from the compensation of sintering shrinkage due to the volume expansion caused by oxidation of the Al metal particles during heat-treatment.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2007

The characteristics of carbonaceous particles collected from the combustion of Vacuum Residue (VR) in a test furnace have been investigated. The physical and chemical characterization includes particle size, scanning electron microscopy of the surface structure, measurement of porosity, surface area and density, EDX/XRD analyses and measurement of chemical composition. The studies show that the carbonaceous VR particles are very porous and spheroidal, and have many blow-holes on the surface. The particles become smaller and more sponge-like as the reaction proceeds. The present porosity of VR particles is similar to that of cenospheres from the combustion of heavy oil, and the majority of pores are distributed in macro-pores above $0.03\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Measurements of pore distribution and surface area showed that the macro-pores contributed most to total pore volume, whereas the micro-pores contributed to total surface area.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2003

A study is presented of the adsorption capacity of a number of different activated carbons for hydrogen at 100 bar aad 298 K. The hydrogen adsorption isotherm was measured by isothermal gravimetric analysis, using a microbalance. The effect of activated carbon's porosity on hydrogen adsorption capacity is surveyed. It is concluded that hydrogen adsorption capacity of activated carbon is lineally increased according to the increase of specific surface area and total pore volume, It seems that microporosity is more contributive than mesoporosity. Most of the adsorbed quantity is due to physical adsorption and chemisorption is negligible, In this work, 0.79 wt.% of hydrogen adsorption capacity is reached.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.448-453
• /
• 2010

Porous media containing complex fluid passage have especially large surface area per unit volume. This study is aimed to identify the heat transfer characteristics of high-porosity metal foams in a horizontal channel. Experiment is performed under various heat flux, velocity and pore density. Nusselt number decreases with higher pore density. Metal foams shows higher heat transfer coefficients than pin-fin structure with the same porosity. This is due to the more complex flow passage and larger heat transfer area based on the structure of the metal foams. The analysis on the pin-fin structure may not be suitable to the metal foam structure but should be identified extensively through further study.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2000

Titanium was melted in the CaO-coated alumina crucible and the reaction between the melt and the coating layer was negligible. The volume fraction of the gas porosity was decreased with increasing pressure and the sound bar castings with no porosity was obtained under the Ar atmosphere of the pressure of $300kN/mm^2$. The surface of the casting obtained from CaO-coated graphite mold was slightly rougher than that from graphite without coating. The reaction product of titanium melt with the layer of CaO was mainly titanium oxide and that with graphite crucible was titanium cabide with small amount of titanium nitride.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.361-372
• /
• 2015

In this paper, a refined exponential shear deformation theory for free vibration analysis of functionally graded beam with considering porosities that may possibly occur inside the functionally graded materials (FGMs) during their fabrication. For this purpose, a new displacement field based on refined shear deformation theory is implemented. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the beam without using shear correction factors. Based on the present refined shear deformation beam theory, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. The rule of mixture is modified to describe and approximate material properties of the FG beams with porosity phases. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions. Illustrative examples are given also to show the effects of varying gradients, porosity volume fraction, aspect ratios, and thickness to length ratios on the free vibration of the FG beams.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제77권6호
• /
• pp.797-807
• /
• 2021

A new simple solution for critical buckling of FG sandwich plates under axial and biaxial loads is presented using new modified power-law formulations. Both even and uneven distributions of porosity are taken into account in this study. Material properties of the sandwich plate faces are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a modified power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Equilibrium and stability equations of FG sandwich plate with various boundary conditions are derived using the higher-order shear deformation plate theory. The results reveal that the distribution shape of the porosity, the gradient index, loading type and functionally graded layers thickness have significant influence on the buckling response of functionally graded sandwich plates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제88권6호
• /
• pp.551-567
• /
• 2023

In this work, the free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates with porosity is conducted using the p-version of the finite element method (FEM), which is based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The sandwich plate consists of two face-sheet layers of FGM and a homogeneous core layer. The obtained results are validated using convergence and comparison studies with previously published results. Five porosities distribution models of FGM sandwich plates are assumed and analyzed. The effect of the thickness ratio, boundary conditions, volume fraction exponents, and porosity coefficients of the top and bottom layers of FGM sandwich plates on the natural frequency are addressed.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2017

인공용승구조물은 저층에 인공적으로 해중산(Sea Mount)을 설치하여, 저층수가 상층의 유광층(Euphotic Zone)으로 용승되도록 하는 구조물로 저층수에 포함된 풍부한 영양염의 공급은 일차생산을 증가시키고 이에 따른 먹이 연쇄작용 및 어류 군집 유도효과를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공용승구조물의 재료 및 형태에 따라 달라질 수 있는 공극률의 변화에 따른 흐름특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 공극률이 커질수록 상승유량은 작아졌고, 상승유량이 작아짐에 따라 하강유량도 작아지는 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 인공용승구조물의 단위면적당 용승유량은 공극률이 10%일 때 가장 좋은 효율을 나타냈으며, 공극률이 20%일 경우에도 불투과성 인공용승구조물에 비해 좋은 효율을 보였다. 따라서 인공용승구조물의 최적단면을 설계할 경우 공극률을 20% 이하로 설계할 때 좋은 효율을 보일 것으로 판단된다.