• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 NEMA Phantom을 사용하여 관전류량 변화에 따른 면적선량과 영상화질의 분석을 통해 선량을 감소할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 인터벤션의 특성상 중요한 화질평가 항목인 공간 분해능, 저 대조도 분해능과 함께 신호 대 잡음비(Signal to Noise Ratio; SNR), 대조도 대 잡음비(Contrast to Noise Ratio; CNR)를 평가기준으로 하였고, 관전압은 80 kVp로 고정하고, 관전류량을 20, 30, 40, 50 mAs로 변화시켜 면적선량과 영상화질을 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 관전압을 고정한 상태에서 면적선량은 조건이 증가함에 따라 $1,066mGycm^2$에서 $6,160mGycm^2$으로 약 6배까지 증가하였고, 공간분해능과 저 대조도 분해능은 20 mAs, 30 mAs에서 평가기준보다 높게 관찰되었으나 40 mAs는 공간 분해능, 50 mAs에서는 공간 분해능과 저 대조도 분해능이 평가기준 이하로 관찰되었다. 또한 SNR과 CNR은 30 mAs까지는 증가하다 40 mAs에서 다소 증가하기는 하였으나 이전과 큰 차이가 없었고, 50 mAs에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 관전류의 과잉노출로 피폭선량이 증가하고, 공간 분해능, 저 대조도 분해능, SNR, CNR 모든 영역에서 영상화질이 저하된다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 적절한 관전류량의 설정으로 인터벤션에서 피폭선량을 줄이고 영상화질을 충분히 개선할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.433-448
• /
• 2012

A source-synchronous receiver based on a delay-locked loop is presented. It employs a shared global calibration control between channels, yet achieves channel expandability for high aggregate I/O bandwidth. The global calibration control accomplishes skew calibration, equalizer adaptation, and phase lock of all the channels in a calibration period, resulting in the reduced hardware overhead and area of each data lane. In addition, the weight-adjusted dual-interpolating delay cell, which is used in the multiphase DLL, guarantees sufficient phase linearity without using dummy delay cells, while offering a high-frequency operation. The proposed receiver is designed in the 90-nm CMOS technology, and achieves error-free eye openings of more than 0.5 UI across 9-28 inch Nelco4000-6 microstrips at 4-7 Gb/s and more than 0.42 UI at data rates of up to 9 Gb/s. The data lane occupies only $0.152mm^2$ and consumes 69.8 mW, while the rest of the receiver occupies $0.297mm^2$ and consumes 56.0 mW at the 7- Gb/s data-rate and supply voltage of 1.35 V.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 기체연료레벨 값에 대한 정밀도를 측정하기 위하여 초음파의 음향매칭에 관한 실험적인 분석을 수행한 것이다. 연구 모델은 송신과 수신에너지를 결정시키는 세라믹 어세이 (Ceramic Assay)의 구성요소에 의하여 설계되었다. 실험 장치로는 12V-DC 전원공급장치, Control T1 Board, 오실로스코프 (DSO1072B), 초음파 프로브 그리고 패턴테이블 (Pattern T)able이 사용되었다. 불감지영역에 대한 분석결과 최대피크지점인 2.9V의 시작점을 기준으로 D (0.180m) < E (0.184m) < B (0.204m) < A (0.234m) < F (0.244m) < C (0.247m) 모델 순으로 점차적으로 불감지폭이 증가되는 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험결과로부터 매칭레이어 (Matching Layer)의 치수가 Ø21*3+2t로 설계된 모델에서 가장 우수한 지향성 에너지를 생성할 수 있었다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.43-59
• /
• 2019

현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 교통신호제어기는 220V의 고전압을 신호등에 일대일로 직접 전달하는 스위치 제어 방식이다. 이러한 방식은 교통신호제어기와 신호등들을 연결하는 데 상대적으로 많은 케이블이 소요되고, 또한 감전에 대한 우려가 있다. 이에 따라 도로교통공단에서는 경찰청 교통신호제어기 표준규격서에 디지털 통신 방식을 이용한 디지털 교통신호제어기의 규격을 추가하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 표준규격서를 바탕으로 디지털 교통신호제어기를 개발하고자 하였다. 또한 디지털 교통신호제어기와 아날로그 교통신호제어기가 혼재되어 있어도 현재 운영 중인 신호제어시스템에서 운영이 가능함을 검증하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2019

For general radiological examinations, even in the same area and the same test, the test conditions must be set differently according to the patient. However, since it is impossible to consider the body shape and conditions of patients every time in medical institutions where various patients visit, the tests are conducted by setting the AEC which automatically sets the test conditions. AEC is most commonly used in chest radiography. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the improvement plans for using AEC by measuring the exposure dose and evaluating the image quality according to whether the AEC is used or not, and to provide basic data for AEC research. In the present study, images were acquired while varying tube voltage and test distance according to the use of AEC in chest radiography. The radiation dose was measured by placing the dosimeter in front of the chest phantom, and the CNR and SNR of acquired images were analyzed using Image J. The t-test was conducted for the statistical analysis and the significance was determined at the level of 95%(p<.05). As a result of this study, in the inspection distance (100cm, 140cm, 180cm) according to the use of AEC, high doses were observed when the AEC was used and there was statistically significant difference(p<.05). In the t-test to determine the difference between CNR and SNR depending on whether AEC was used or not, there was no significant difference according to the use of AEC(p>.05). Therefore, when performing chest radiography, if the radiologist establishes the appropriate examination conditions and conducts the examination by not just relying solely on AEC, it may be possible to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.2747-2753
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는, 휴대폰 플래시용 전원을 위한 PWM 전류모드 DC-DC 부스트 컨버터를 제안 하였다. 제안하는 DC-DC 부스터 컨버터는 5 Mhz의 스위칭 주파수로 구동되며, 인덕터와 커패시터의 실장면적을 줄여 휴대전화 소형화에 적합하도록 하였다. 전류모드 DC-DC 부스트 컨버터는 인덕터, 출력 커패시터, MOS 트랜지스터, 귀환저항 등으로 이루어지는 파워단 부분과 펄스폭 변조기, 오실레이터, 에러증폭기 등으로 이루어지는 제어부 블록으로 구성된다. 제안하는 회로는 $0.5\;{\mu}m$ 1-poly 2-metal CMOS 공정으로 설계 및 검증 하였다. 설계된 회로는 모의실험결과 듀티비가 0.15일 때 3.7 V 입력 전압 조건에서 출력 전압이 4.26 V가 나타났고, 출력 전류는 100 mA로 기존의 25 ~ 50 mA 보다 큰 출력을 얻었다. 본 논문의 DC-DC 컨버터는 휴대폰의 카메라 플래시를 고효율로 구동시키며 휴대전화의 소형화에도 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2016

The Electrostatic Charge Prevention Technology is a core factor that highly influences the yield of Ultra High Resolution Flat Panel Display and high-integrated semiconductor manufacturing processes. The corona or x-ray ionizations are commonly used in order to eliminate static charges during manufacturing processes. To develop such a revolutionary x-ray ionizer that is free of x-ray radiation and has function to control the volume of ion formation simultaneously is a goal of this research and it absolutely overcomes the current risks of x-ray ionization. Under the International Commission on Radiological Protection, it must have a leakage radiation level that should be lower than a recommended level that is $1{\mu}Sv/hour$. In this research, the new generation of x-ray ionizer can easily control both the volume of ion formation and the leakage radiation level at the same time. In the research, the test constraints were set and the descriptions are as below; First, In order not to leak x-ray radiation while testing, the shielding box was fully installed around the test equipment area. Second, Implement the metallic Ring Electrode along a tube window and applied zero to ${\pm}8kV$ with respect to manage the positive and negative ions formation. Lastly, the ion duty ratio was able to be controlled in different test set-ups along with a free x-ray leakage through the metallic Ring Electrode. In the result of experiment, the maximum x-ray radiation leakage was $0.2{\mu}Sv/h$. These outcome is lower than the ICRP 103 recommended value, which is $1{\mu}Sv/h$. When applying voltage to the metallic ring electrode, the positive decay time was 2.18s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.272. In addition, the negative decay time was 2.1s at the distance of 300 mm and its slope was 0.262. At the distance of 200 mm, the positive decay time was 2.29s and its slope was 0.286. The negative decay time was 2.35s and its slope was 0.293. At the distance of 100 mm, the positive decay time was 2.71s and its slope was 0.338. The negative decay time was 3.07s and its slope was 0.383. According to these research, the observation was shown that these new concept of ionizer is able to minimize the leakage radiation level and to control the positive and negative ion duty ratio while ionization.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.119-119
• /
• 2011

This study examined the synthesis of large area graphene and the change of its characteristics depending on the ratio of CH4/H2 by using the thermal CVD methods and performed the experiments to control the electron-hole conduction and Dirac-point of graphene by using chemical doping methods. Firstly, with regard to the characteristics of the large area graphene depending on the ratio of CH4/H2, hydrophobic characteristics of the graphene changed to hydrophilic characteristics as the ratio of CH4/H2 reduces. The angle of contact also increased to 78$^{\circ}$ from 58$^{\circ}$. According to the results of Raman spectroscopy showing the degree of defect, the ratio of I(D)/I(G) increases to 0.42% from 0.25% and the surface resistance also increased to 950 ${\Omega}$ from 750 ${\Omega}$/sq. As for the graphene synthesis at the high temperature of 1,000$^{\circ}$ by using CH4/H2 in a Cu-Foil, the possibility of graphene formation was determined as a function of the ratio of H2 included in the fixed quantity of CH4 as per specifications of every equipment. It was observed that the excessive amount of H2 prevented graphene from forming, as extra H-atoms and molecules activated the reaction to C-bond of graphene. Secondly, in the experiment for the electron-hole conduction and the Dirac-point of graphene using the chemical doping method, the shift of Dirac-point and the change in the electron-hole conduction were observed for both the N-type (PEI) and the P-type (Diazonium) dopings. The ID-VG results show that, for the N-type (PEI) doped graphene, Dirac-point shifted to the left (-voltage direction) by 90V at an hour and by 130 V at 2 hours respectively, compared to the pristine graphene. Carrier mobility was also reduced by 1,600 cm2/Vs (1 hour) and 1,100 cm2/Vs (2 hours), compared to the maximum hole mobility of the pristine graphene.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2021

TiO2는 물리적, 화학적 안정성이 높고, 신체에 무해하여 태양전지, 치과용 임플란트 및 광촉매 같은 다양한 분야에서 사용되어 왔다. 비표면적이 큰 TiO2 나노섬유는 생체 친화성 제품에서 좋은 반응성과 공기 및 수질 정화시 우수한 광촉매 특성을 보여주었다. TiO2 나노섬유를 제조하기 위해 전기방사법을 사용하였으며, 제조 변수에 따른 직경 변화를 관찰하기 위해 precursor 성분 변수와 공정 변수로 구분하여 미세구조 변화를 분석하였다. Precursor 성분 변수로는 PVP(Polyvinylpyrrolidone) 및 TTIP(Titanium(IV) isopropoxide)의 농도를 선택하였고, 공정 변수로는 주입 속도와 인가 전압을 선택하였다. TiO2 나노섬유의 미세구조와 결정구조는 FE-SEM(Field emission scanning electron microscope)와 XRD(X-ray diffraction)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 450℃에서 3시간 열처리 공정을 통해, 평균 직경 약 0.27 ㎛에서 1.31 ㎛를 갖는 asspun TiO2 나노섬유가 0.22 ㎛에서부터 0.78 ㎛의 평균 직경을 갖는 anatase 상의 TiO2 나노섬유로 상전이 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 평균 직경 0.22 ㎛의 anatase TiO2 나노섬유는 비 표면적 증대에 의한 광촉매 특성 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 TiO2 나노섬유의 직경 변화를 위해서는 주입 속도 및 인가 전압과 같은 공정 변수보다는 PVP 농도 및 TTIP 농도와 같은 precursor 성분 변수를 제어하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2021

To cope with automobile exhaust gas regulations, ISG (Idling Stop & Go) and charging control systems are applied to HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for the purpose of improving fuel economy. These systems require quick charge/discharge performance at high current. To satisfy this characteristic, improvement of the positive electrode plate is studied to improve the charge/discharge process and performance of AGM(Absorbent Glass Mat) lead-acid batteries applied to ISG automotive systems. The bonding between grid and A.M (Active Material) can be improved by applying the Sand-Blasting method to provide roughness to the surface of the positive grid. When the Sand-Blasting method is applied with conditions of ball speed 1,000 rpm and conveyor speed 5 M/min, ideal bonding is achieved between grid and A.M. The positive plate of each condition is applied to the AGM LAB (Absorbent Glass Mat Lead Acid Battery); then, the performance and ISG life characteristics are tested by the vehicle battery test method. In CCA, which evaluates the starting performance at -18 ℃ and 30 ℃ with high current, the advanced AGM LAB improves about 25 %. At 0 ℃ CA (Charge Acceptance), the initial charging current of the advanced AGM LAB increases about 25 %. Improving the bonding between the grid and A.M. by roughening the grid surface improves the flow of current and lowers the resistance, which is considered to have a significant effect on the high current charging/discharging area. In a Standard of Battery Association of Japan (SBA) S0101 test, after 300 A discharge, the voltage of the advanced AGM LAB with the Sand-Blasting method grid was 0.059 V higher than that of untreated grid. As the cycle progresses, the gap widens to 0.13 V at the point of 10,800 cycles. As the bonding between grid and A.M. increases through the Sand Blasting method, the slope of the discharge voltage declines gradually as the cycle progresses, showing excellent battery life characteristics. It is believed that system will exhibit excellent characteristics in the vehicle environment of the ISG system, in which charge/discharge occurs over a short time.