• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.396-407
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• 2008

Hydrogeologic properties of a well field around middle mountainous areas in Pyosun, Jeju volcanic island were examined based on water level monitoring, geologic logging and pumping test data. Due to the alternating basaltic layers with varying permeability in the subsurface, it is difficult to analyze the hydraulic responses to artificial pumping and/or natural precipitation. The least permeable layer, detrital materials with clay, is found at a depth of 200 m below surface, but it is not an upper confining bed for lower main aquifer. Nevertheless, this layer may serve as a natural barrier to vertical percolation and to contaminant migration. Water levels of the production wells are dominantly affected by pumping frequently, while those of the remote observation wells are controlled by ambient precipitation. Results of pumping tests revealed a possible existence of horizontal anisotropy of transmissivity. However, some results of this study include inherent limitations enforced by field conditions such as the consistent of groundwater production and the set of time periods for the cessation of the pumping prior to pumping tests.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.271-285
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• 2006

A two-dimensional photochemical transport model (2D PTM) is simulated to describe the transport and chemical reaction of ozone related to aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere. The vertical profiles and total amounts of ozone, which are advected by both residual Eulerian circulation and the adiabatic circulation under certain circumstance, have been compared with the observation data such as ozonesondes, Brewer spectrometer, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer (TOMS). As a result, we find that the observed distribution of ozone Is adequately reproduced in the model at middle and high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere as well as at Phang ($36^{\circ}\;02'N,\;129^{\circ}\;23'E$) in South Korea. In particular, the 2D PTM is well simulated in the ozone decrease due to the Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991. However, ozone mixing ratio are more underestimated than those of UARS and ozonesondes, because are very sensitive to the latitude of transport across the tropopause associated with both Rummukainen errors and off-line model. Relative mean bias errors and relative root mean square errors of ozone calculations using the 2D PTM are shown within${\pm}10%$, respectively.

• IUGG한국위원회:학술대회논문집
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• IUGG한국위원회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.14-14
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• 2003

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is an imaging radar which can scan and image Earth System targets without solar illumination. Most Earth observation Shh systems operate in X-, C-, S-, L-, and P-band frequencies, where the shortest wavelength is approximately 1.5 cm. This means that most opaque objects in the SAR signal path become transparent and SAR systems can image the planetary surface targets without sunlight and through rain, snow and/or even volcanic ash clouds. Most conventional SAR systems in operation, including the Canada's RADARSAT-1, operate in one frequency and in one polarization. This has resulted in black and with images, with which we are familiar now. However, with the launching of ENVTSAT on March 1 2002, the ASAR system onboard the ENVISAT can image Earth's surface targets with selected polarimetric signals, HH+VV, HH+VH, and VV+HV. In 2004, Canadian Space Agency will launch RADARSAT-II, which is C-band, fully polarimetric HH+VV+VH+HV. Almost same time, the NASDA of Japan will launch ALOS (Advanced land Observation Satellite) which will carry L-band PALSAR system, which is again fully polarimetric. This means that we will have at least three fully polarimetric space-borne SAR system fur civilian operation in less than one year. Are we then ready for this new all weather Earth Observation technology\ulcorner Actual imaging process of a fully polarimetric SAR system is not easy to explain. But, most Earth system scientists, including geologists, are familiar with polarization microscopes and other polarization effects in nature. The spatial resolution of the new generation of SAR systems have also been steadily increased, almost to the limit of highest optical resolution. In this talk some new applications how they are used for Earth system observation purpose.

• 대기
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2018

Benefits of the next generation geostationary meteorological satellite observation (e.g., GEO-KOMPSAT-2A) are qualitatively and comprehensively described and discussed. Main beneficial phenomena for application can be listed as tropical cyclones (typhoon), high impact weather (heavy rainfall, lightning, and hail), ocean, air pollution (particulate matter), forest fire, fog, aircraft icing, volcanic eruption, and space weather. The next generation satellites with highly enhanced spatial and temporal resolution images, expanding channels, and basic and additional products are expected to create the new valuable benefits, including the contribution to the reduction of socioeconomic losses due to weather-related disasters. In particular, the new satellite observations are readily applicable to early warning and very-short time forecast application of hazardous weather phenomena, global climate change monitoring and adaptation, improvement of numerical weather forecast skill, and technical improvement of space weather monitoring and forecast. Several policy plans for expanding the application of the next generation satellite data are suggested.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.493-507
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• 2018

Due to high spatio-temporal variability of amount and optical/microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols, satellite-based observations have been demanded for spatiotemporal monitoring the major aerosols. Observations of the heavy aerosol episodes and determination on the dominant aerosol types from a geostationary satellite can provide a chance to prepare in advance for harmful aerosol episodes as it can repeatedly monitor the temporal evolution. A new geostationary observation sensor, namely the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), onboard the Himawari-8 platform, has been observing high spatial and temporal images at sixteen wavelengths from 2016. Using observed spectral visible reflectance and infrared brightness temperature (BT), the algorithm to find major aerosol type such as volcanic ash (VA), desert dust (DD), polluted aerosol (PA), and clean aerosol (CA), was developed. RGB color composite image shows dusty, hazy, and cloudy area then it can be applied for comparing aerosol detection product (ADP). The CALIPSO level 2 vertical feature mask (VFM) data and MODIS level 2 aerosol product are used to be compared with the Himawari-8/AHI ADP. The VFM products can deliver nearly coincident dataset, but not many match-ups can be returned due to presence of clouds and very narrow swath. From the case study, the percent correct (PC) values acquired from this comparisons are 0.76 for DD, 0.99 for PA, 0.87 for CA, respectively. The MODIS L2 Aerosol products can deliver nearly coincident dataset with many collocated locations over ocean and land. Increased accuracy values were acquired in Asian region as POD=0.96 over land and 0.69 over ocean, which were comparable to full disc region as POD=0.93 over land and 0.48 over ocean. The Himawari-8/AHI ADP algorithm is going to be improved continuously as well as the validation efforts will be processed by comparing the larger number of collocation data with another satellite or ground based observation data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2013

본 연구는 성층권 에어로졸의 분포와 광학적 특성을 분석하기 위하여 새로이 개발된 광주과학기술원의 라이다 시스템에 대하여 설명하고자 한다. 성층권 에어로졸의 후방산란비 산출을 위해 Nd:YAG 레이저를 광원으로 1064 nm와 532 nm 두 파장의 탄성산란 채널을 개발하였고, 편광소멸도 분석을 위해 532 nm 파장에 두 개의 편광 채널을 설치하였다. 광자계수방식과 아날로그 디지털 변환 두가지 방식을 동시에 채택하여 후방산란신호 수신 효율과 최대 관측 고도를 향상시켰다. 개발된 라이다 시스템을 이용하여 2011년 9월 22일에 한반도 상공 성층권 에어로졸관측 분석하여 예시하였다. 라이다 관측 자료 분석을 통해 532 nm 파장에서 성층권 에어로졸의 후방산란비를 산출을 통해 에어로졸의 시공간적 분포를 확인하고, 체적편광소멸도와 입자편광소멸도 산출을 통해 하고 입자의 비구형성을 판단하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2012

Particulate sulfate in $PM_{2.5}$, sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and size-segregated aerosol particle number concentrations were measured at a site ($32^{\circ}19'N$, $129^{\circ}59'E$) on the southwestern Japan coast from 5 March to 10 April, 2010. Results show frequent episodic increases of sulfate and $SO_2$. Compared to the average concentration of sulfate $4.4{\pm}2.7\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$ in the whole observation period, episodic sulfate reached $10.5-20.1\;{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$. The variation of sulfate always synchronized with aerosol particles in the size range of $0.1-0.5 {\mu}m$, indicating the episodic sulfate was a consequence of the increase of the sub-micron particles. $SO_2$ did not have remarkable increase in any episodes of sulfate increase. During the passage of low pressure systems which loaded Asian dust in postfrontal air, concentrated sulfate appeared right behind the front but before dust arrival, suggesting the dominance of dust-free particulate sulfate. Weather and backward trajectory analyses revealed that air parcels with high sulfate passed eastern and northeastern China or Korean peninsula before arriving at the site. In contrast, those with high $SO_2$ passed an active volcano, Mt. Sakurajima, about 100 km in the south, suggesting the $SO_2$ was more likely from the volcanic emission. The ratio of sulfate to total sulfur compounds $({SO_4}^{2-})/({SO_4}^{2-}+SO_2)$ was 0.31-0.89 in continentally originated air while was 0.25-0.43 in the air having passed the volcano, showing more efficient conversions of $SO_2$ to sulfate in the air from the continent. The close dependence of the conversion on humidity in the continentally originated air was confirmed.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.61-64
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• 2015

The brightness of Io's magnetic footprint, an indicator of electromagnetic interaction at the satellite, appears to be strongly connected to the satellite's distance from the plasma equator. As a result, the brightest footprints were detected when Io is near the interception location between the satellite's orbital plane and the plasma equator. However, volcanic activities on Io show strong correlation with the equatorward shift of Jupiter's main auroral oval, consequently causing the disappearance of Io's footprint. The same conclusion was suggested via the observation of Jupiter's hectometric radio emission, called HOM, which closely corresponds to Jupiter's auroral activity. The plasma environment near the Jovian satellites was found to vary significantly at different observational epochs. The electron density increased by approximately a factor of three from the Voyager epoch (1979) to the Galileo epoch (1995), while the electron density was found to be significantly higher (~ 5 times) in the Cassini epoch (2001). In this current study, the magnetic footprints were clearly brighter ten years ago (from peak brightness in 1998-2001) than the footprints detected in 2007. For volcanic activities on Io in 2007, there are two clear activities in February and late May. The magnetic footprint appeared to be dimmer in March 2007, expected to be the result of volcano activities in Feb 2007. However, the magnetic footprint brightness in June appeared to be slightly brighter than the footprints observed in May. The reason could be the time delay between the brightening of the sodium nebula on approximately May 31st and, a while later, the enhancement of flux tube content peaking on approximately June 5th. On the other hand, Io's magnetic footprints were observed during June 1st - 10th when they may not yet have been affected by the increase in mass outflow due to the increase of plasma density.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 독일 북부의 그로스 쉐네벡 지역에서 진행된 EGS 실증프로젝트를 수리자극 시험 중심으로 소개한다. 이 지역에서는 사암 및 화산암으로 이루어진 심도 4 - 4.4 km의 지층 내에 각각 1개의 주입정과 생산정을 갖는 순환 시스템을 구성했다. 정단층 및 주향이동단층 응력상태 하에서 물 또는 젤과 균열지지체를 주입하여 주입정과 생산정에서 각각 수리자극이 이루어졌으며, 그 결과 주입지수가 $0.97m^3/(hr^*MPa)$에서 $7.5m^3/(hr^*MPa)$로 증가하였고 생산성지수는$2.4m^3/(hr^*MPa)$에서 $10.1m^3/(hr^*MPa)$로 4.25배 증가했다. 그러나 주입정과 생산정을 연결하는 순환수리시험에서는 2년간 생산성지수가 $8.9m^3/(hr^*MPa)$에서 $0.6m^3/(hr^*MPa)$까지 감소했다. 화산암층에서의 수리자극에 대해 전단 미끄러짐 해석을 수행한 결과 전단균열의 발생 방향 및 요구되는 유체 압력을 실제 수리자극 결과와 유사하게 예측해 냈다. 화산암층에서의 수리자극 시 미소진동을 관측한 결과 모멘트 규모 -1.8에서 -1.0 범위의 미소진동이 80회 나타나 미소진동의 발생은 극히 미미했다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 현무암과 화성암과 같은 화성암을 관찰할 때 화성암 지역에 살고 있는 학생들과 그렇지 않은 학생들 사이의 특징을 비교하기 위한 것이다. 연구를 위해 제주도에 살고 있는 5학년 학생 68명, 울릉도에 살고 있는 5학년 학생 28명, 그리고 화산지역과 직접적 관련이 없는 지역의 5학년 학생 61명을 선정하였다. 이 연구는 다음과 같이 진행되었다. 현무암과 화성암을 관찰하게 한 후 학생들은 관찰한 사실을 모두 적었다. 그리고 관찰이 끝난 후 관찰이외에 현무암과 화성에 대해 알고 있는 사실 모두를 적도록 하였다. 연구를 통해 알게 된 사실은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 화성암 관찰에 있어서 학생들은 지역적 특성 변인에 의한 유의미한 통계적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 화성암과 관련하여 학생들이 관찰 이외에 알고 있는 지식의 양 또한 지역적 특성과 관련되어 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 화성암에 대해 관찰 사실 이외에 알고 있는 지식을 질적으로 분석한 결과, 많은 학생들은 화성암의 근원물질이나 생성과정에 대해 알고 있었으나 지역적인 특성을 고려한 진술은 많이 나오지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 우리는 학교에서 이루어지는 과학 수업이 현상을 탐구하는 것뿐만 아니라 현상과 관련된 여러 가지 구체적인 사례들과 함께 이루어져야 한다는 것을 알 수 있다.