• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_3
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• pp.1221-1233
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• 2019

Estimating damage in each sector that can be caused by volcanic ash deposition, is very important to prepare the volcanic ash disaster. In this study, we showed predicted-Korean-volcanic-ash damage of each sector by using volcanic ash diffusion simulation and spatial-data-based volcanic ash damage sector in previous study. To this end, volcanic ash related base maps were generated by collecting and processing spatial information data. Finally, we showed Korean-volcanic-ash-deposition damages by sector using the collected Mt. Aso volcanic ash scenarios via overlapping analysis. As a result, volcanic-ash-related damages were expected to occur in the 162 and 134 districts for each Aso volcanic ash scenarios, since those districts exceeds the minimum volcanic ash damage criterion of 0.01 mm. Finally, we compared possible volcanic ash damages by sectors using collected and processed spatial data, after selecting administrative districts(Scenario 190805- Kangwon-do, Kyungsangbuk-do; Scenario 190811-Chuncheon-si, Hongcheon-si) with the largest amount of volcanic ash deposition.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.5_1
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• pp.751-761
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• 2019

Mt. Baekdu, Mt. Aso, Mt. Sakurajima, Mt. Kikai and etc are distributed around the Korean Peninsula. Recently signs of eruption of Mt. Baekdu are increasing, raising concerns over possible damage to volcanic ash from seasonal winds during the winter eruption. Therefore, detailed procedures for investigation and countermeasures for volcanic ash spread and damage are required. But the standards for the warning and alarm signal of volcanic ash presented by Korea Ministry of Government Legislation are vague, with "when damage is expected" and "when serious damage is expected". In this study, to analyze the damage threshold and to apply the cases of overseas damage to the country, a survey was conducted on the establishment of domestic spatial information by public institutions with public confidence. As a result of the investigation of damage from volcanic ash overseas, the details of the damage cases were different depending on the type of life or income sources of each country. Therefore, instead of applying the volcanic ash damage cases abroad in Korea, spatial information analysis was performed to reflect domestic social and natural characteristics. In addition, we selected the areas to be considered in the event of volcanic ash damage in Korea. Finally, domestic volcanic ash damages should be classified as health, residential, road, railroad, aviation, power, water, agriculture, livestock, forest, and soil. When establishing the volcanic ash alarm optimized for Korea in the future, overseas volcanic ash damage cases and domestic spatial information construction in this study will be helpful in policy establishment.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.536-549
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• 2013

This study investigates the damages of and analyzes the social and economic impacts of volcanic ash eruptions in the world in order to estimate the potential volcanic ash impacts in South Korea when Mt. Baekdusan volcano erupts in the future. First, we build a comparison chart called "the impact of volcanic ash" on each economic and social sector by using major volcanic eruptions and we compare the damage with respect to volcanic ash thickness/weights. Secondly, we analyze the social and economic impact from volcanic ash. The economic damage is not likely to occur in South Korea, unless Mt. Baekdusan erupts in winter. However, the potential damage should not be overlooked because the volcanic ash may have a global impact around the world. If Mt. Baekdusan volcano erupts when the wind blows from north or northeast, the volcanic ash may then significantly affect South Korea of which economy is highly dependent on exports. Particularly when the volcanic ash moves to the densely populated metropolitan areas or agricultural areas, the damage can be significant. In preparation for the potential volcanic disasters, the volcanic ash forecast table suitable for South Korea should be prepared. In addition, building a Korean volcanic ash hazard map in advance will have a strategic significance.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.515-523
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• 2013

The eastern coast of South Korea is expected to be damaged by volcanic ash when Mt. Baekdusan volcano erupts. Even if the amount of volcanic ash is small, it can be fatal on the agricultural sector withering many plants and causing soil acidification. Thus, in this paper, we aim to estimate agricultural losses caused by the volcanic ash and to visualize them with Google map. To estimate the volcanic ash losses, a damage assessment model is needed. As the volcanic ash hazard depends on the kind of a crops and the ash thickness, the fragility function of damage assessment model should represent the relation between ash thickness and damage rate of crops. Thus, we model the fragility function using the damage rate for each crop of RiskScape. The volcanic ash losses can be calculated with the agricultural output and the price of each crop using the fragility function. This paper also represents the estimated result of the losses in Gangwon province, which is most likely to get damaged by volcanic ashes in Korea. According to the result with gross agricultural output of Gangwon province in 2010, the amount of volcanic ash losses runs nearly 635,124 million wons in Korean currency if volcanic ash is accumulated over four millimeters. This amount represents about 50% of the gross agricultural output of Gangwon province. We consider the damage only for the crops in this paper. However, a volcanic ash fall has the potential to damage the assets for a farm, including the soil fertility and installations. Thus, to estimate the total amount of volcanic ash damage for the whole agricultural sectors, these collateral damages should also be considered.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.524-535
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• 2013

Catastrophe risk models require the damage functions of each vulnerable item in inventory to estimate volcanic ash losses. The damage functions are used to represent the relation between damage factors and damage and also widely used in engineering and natural hazard studies to calculate the vulnerability. In most cases, damage functions are constructed as fragility or vulnerability curves, and researchers are confused by the similarities between them particularly when they perform interdisciplinary research. Thus, we aim to explain the similarities and differences between fragility and vulnerability curves and their relationship by providing case studies to construct them. In addition, we suggest a simple method to construct the damage functions between damage ratio and volcanic ash thickness using limited damage data. This study comes from the fact that damage functions are generally constructed using damage data. However, there is no available volcanic ash damage data in Korea, and not even enough volcanic disaster data to construct damage functions in the world, compared to other hazards. Using the method suggested in the study and the limited damage data from Japan and New Zealand, we construct Weibull-type functions or linear functions dependent of available data to calculate volcanic ash loss estimation, which we think need to be corrected to make it more suitable for inventory characteristics and environmental conditions in Korea.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish the management standards of water systems in Korea. The damage factors of the water systems were classified by accumulation, adsorption, and abrasion. According to the thickness of volcanic ash, the management stage of the water systems was derived in four steps; VAD (Volcanic Ash Degree) I (0~1 mm), II (1~3 mm), III (3~5 mm), IV (over 5 mm). Finally, the management standards for water systems which consist of alarm levels, impacts of volcanic ashes, procedures and action plan to deal with the damage, are presented.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2020

The materials generating from volcanic eruption are volcanic gases, lavas and pyroclastic materials. Volcanic ash which has small-grain size (< 2 mm in diameter) can be moved easily and disperse widely, thus it may affect to communities across hundreds of square kilometers. The impacts from volcanic ash fall on people, structures, equipments, plants and livestock largely depend on ash thickness. According to increasing ash thickness, the intensity and area of damage may increase and affect significant damages not to human health but also to infrastructures. To reduce the impacts from volcanic ash fall, we have to establish the guidances about the nature and extent of the hazard and prepare the actions to increase abilities of communities to manage hazard. Although we don't have any experience caused by volcanic ash fall during and after volcanic eruption, we need to prepare the impacts of volcanic ash fall for future eruption in the areas surrounding Korea.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

Volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions spreads to vast areas hundreds of kilometers away, and when volcanic ash flows into surface waters, it will be damaged by water supply. In case of water supply facilities, it provides to people drinking water and domestic water, be consumed by the people cause social disorder when water supply is cut off due to damage such as water pollution caused by harmful materials of volcanic ash. However, when we looked at the disaster management manual, the establishment of a water supply facility manual to deal with the damage of volcanic ash was found to be insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the existing volcanic and water pollution related manuals were analyzed and problems were derived. In order to make quick situation judgment and response activities, we have suggested the scope of the water supply facility manual, disaster type, major missions and system of related organizations, and scenario of crisis situation by disaster type.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.128-140
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate the characteristics and to classify the foreign volcanic disaster maps. Authors try to extract the components of volcanic disaster maps and apply them to the Mt. Baekdu volcano that receives worldwide attention recently has been on an early stage in Korea. Internationally, volcano ash disaster maps are derived and reviewed through three analytical framework components: Hazard Map, Risk Map, and Damage Map. These derived components of volcano ash disaster mapping systems are: 1) cumulative map of past disaster records, 2) probabilistic risk map, 3) scenario-based map and case-by-case utilization maps (evacuation response type, emergency information type, disaster preparedness education type) based on this components are presented.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.691-697
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• 2017

Volcanic ash has been predicted to be the main source of damage caused by a potential volcanic disaster around Mount Baekdu and the regions of the Korean peninsula. Computer simulations to predict the diffusion of volcanic ash should be performed according to prevalent meteorological situations within a predetermined time. Therefore, a workflow using pipelining is proposed to parallelize the software used for this computation. Due to the nature of volcanic calamities, the simulations need to be carried out for various plausible conditions given that the parameters cannot be precisely determined during the simulations, even at the time of a volcanic eruption. Among the given conditions, computations need to be first performed for the condition with the highest probability so that a response to the volcanic disaster can be provided using these results. Further action can then be performed later based on subsequent results. The computations need to be performed using a volcanic disaster damage prediction system on a computing server with limited computing performance. Hence, an optimal distribution of the computing resources is required. We propose a method through which specific data can be provided first to the proposed pipeline-based workflow.