• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2015

This study investigated the chemical composition of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pampan) Hara (ssuk in Korea) essential oil and the quantitative changes of major terpene compounds according to the time of harvest. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation extraction from the aerial parts of ssuk were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil composition of ssuk was characterized by higher contents of mono- and sesqui- terpene compounds. Ninety-nine volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from ssuk harvested in 2010, with camphor (11.9%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (9.11%), dehydrocarveol (8.51%), and borneol (7.72%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2011, with borneol (12.36%), caryophyllene oxide (12.29%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (10.24%), camphor (9.13%), and thujone (8.4%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2012, with ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (20.25%), caryophyllene oxide (14.63%), and thujone (11.55%) being the major compounds. Eighty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2013, with thujone (23.11%), alloaromadendrene oxide (12.3%), and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (11.48%) being the most abundant compounds. Thujone and aromadendrene oxide contents increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, while camphor and dehydrocarveol contents decreased significantly during those 4 years. The quantitative changes in these 4 compounds according to the time of harvest can served as a quality index for ssuk essential oil. The ecological responses to recent climate changes may be reflected in the chemical components of natural plant essential oils.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2000

참기름의 향기성분을 GC 및 GC/MS로 분석한 결과, pyrazines 26종, pyridines 11종, thiazoles 9종, furans 6종, pyrroles 8종, phenols 5종, aldehydes 8종, hydrocarbons 8종, alcohols 7종, indoles 2종, ketones 3종, acids 10종, nitriles 4종, esters 7종, 기타 5종 등 119종의 향기성분을 분리, 동정 및 정량하였다. 향기 성분총량은 볶음온도상승에 따라 증가하여 초기함량 42.16ppm로부터 $150^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 79.29ppm으로 약 2배, $210^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 약 5배(209.35ppm), $230^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 314.60ppm으로 약 8배 생성된 것으로 나타났다. 분리되어나온 향기성분을 머무름시간에 따라 3등분하여 top note(peak No. $1{\sim}91$), middle note(peak No. $92{\sim}197$), last note(peak No. $198{\sim}224$)로 분류 비교한 결과, pyrazine화합물을 포함하고 있으며 관능적으로 중요한 top note함량이 초기함량 19.87ppm으로부터 $170^{\circ}C$에서 75.89ppm으로 약 4배 증가한 후, 이후 온도상승에 따라 현저한 증가현상을 나타낸 반면, middle note함량은 초기함량 17.72ppm으로부터 $170^{\circ}C$에서 36.71ppm으로 약 2배 증가한 후, $220^{\circ}C$인 경우 95.61 ppm에서 $230^{\circ}C$인 경우 138.62ppm으로 급격히 증가하였다. last note는 $170^{\circ}C$까지 거의 변화하지 않다가 $190^{\circ}C$에서 급격히 증가, $220^{\circ}C$ 이후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 향기성분 중 주요구성화합물은 pyrazine화합물이었고 볶음온도상승에 따라 $150^{\circ}C$ 까지는 미미한 증가현상을 나타내다가 $170^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 화합물 중 가장 급격한 증가현상을 나타내었다. yrazine화합물 중에서 온도상승에 따라 가장 많은 변화를 보인 화합물은 methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine등이었다. pyridines, thiazoles, aldehydes, alcohols도 비슷한 증가현상을 나타내었고 acids은 $190^{\circ}C$까지는 $2.51{\sim}4.41$ ppm으로 거의 변화를 보이지 않다가 $210^{\circ}C$에서 18.92 ppm으로 급증하였고, 이후 $220^{\circ}C$에서 7.20ppm, $230^{\circ}C$에서 5.56 ppm으로 점진적으로 감소하였다. 이는 nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid등이 고온가열에 의해 생성되었다가 이들이 열분해로 소실되었기 때문으로 생각된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the influence of curing conditions on the composition of essential oil during curing process of burley tobacco leaves. The curing conditions were the primed curing in vinyl house (house-curing), air-curing barn (air-curing) and stalk-curing in conventional curing house (stalk-curing). Total 90 compounds are identified from the steam volatile oils of harvest and cured tobacco leaves by GC and GC-MS, respectively. The major components were neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, 3,8,13-duvatriene-1,5-diols, oxide-9-methylene-3,13-duvadienols, solanone, megastigma-4,6,8-trien-3-ones, phenylacetaldehyde, $\beta$-phenylethyl alcohol, indole, dihydroactinidiolide and phytol. The amount of alcoholic compounds was decreased more than approximately 50% in cured leaves without regard to the curing conditions. $\beta$-Phenylethyl alcohol and 3,8,13-duvatriene-1,5-diols were decreased more in air curing and stalk curing than in house curing. The amounts of phenylacetaldehyde, solanone, $\beta$-damascone, $\beta$ -damascenone, oxysolanone and megastigma-4,6,8-trien-3-ones as ketonic compounds, dihydroactinidiolide and indole as miscellaneous compounds in air-cured and stalk-cured tobacco leaves were 2 times higher than those in house-cured leaves, while esteric and acidic compounds were not changed largely in content by curing conditions.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

Pitch precursors were synthesized from coal tar(CT) and pyrolysis fuel oil(PFO, petroleum residue oil) at relatively low temperature of $250^{\circ}$, in the presence of horontrifluorideidiethyletherate complex(BFDE) as a catalyst and nitrobenzene(NB) as a co-catalyst. The softening point, nitrogen content and carbon yield increased with an increase of concentration of NB. The pitch precursors with good spinnability were prepared by removing the volatile components through $N_2$ blowing. The precursor pitches were spun through a circular nozzle, stabilized at $310^{\circ}$ and finally carbonized at $1000^{\circ}$. The optically anisotropic structure formed at the absence of NB was changed into isotropic structure, showing a decrease in size of the flow domain. The hollow carbon fiber could be prepared in the process of stabilization. The results proposed that the morphology of carbon materials could be controlled by changing the concentration of catalyst and/or co-catalyst and/or stabilization condition that affect on the mobility of molecules during carbonization.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 1989

9월 중에 채취한 성숙한 초피 (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC)의 과피와 잎성분의 변성을 고려한 방법인 gas co-distillation으로 추출하고, GC/MS와 함께 workstation BASIC program들을 사용하여 극성이 다른 두 column(FFAP, HP-1)에 대한 authentic standard들의 retention index(RI) 값들을 구하여 HP-1 및 FFAP, RI reference library를 만든 후 초피의 정유성분들의 두 column library 탐색을 병행하여 분석함으로써, 과피에서 myrcene외 14 hydrocarbon들, linalool외 8 alcohol들, citronellal외 3 aldethyde들, carvone외 2 ketone들, methyl salicylate외 7 ester들 그리고 1,8-cineol 외 3 oxide를 확인하였고, 잎에서 limonene외 7 hydrocarbon들, citronellol외 7 alcohol들, cumin aldehyde외 1 aldehyde, carvone, 그리고 estragole외 1 oxide를 확인하였다. 과피에서는 1,8-cineol(25.47%), limonene(11.9%), geranylacetate(9.01%), myrcene(6.15%), geraniol(2.88%), citronellal(2.25%)등이 주성분이었고, 잎에서는 citronellal(23.11%), 1,8-cineol(18.38%), citronellol(6.04%), methyl cinnamate(4.08%)등이 주성분이었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2009

Essential oils of the musk from wild muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fifty-six chemical components were separated, and 14 volatile compounds (78% of composition of total essential oil) of macrocyclic musk, mainly cyclopentadecanone, 12-hydroxy-14-methyl-oxa-cyclotetradec-6-en-2-one, cycloheptadecanone and 9-cycloheptadecen-1-one, were identified by the comparison of Wiley/NBS Library from the results of GC-MS. However, l-muscone, a compound reported by earlier workers in the musk from muskrat, was not detected using the spike test in this study. Interestingly, cyclohexadecanone, which has the same molecular weight (Mw 238) as l-muscone, was identified. In addition, it is considered that because of possessing much higher amounts of macrocyclic components compared to the original musk, muskrat has higher economic values in perfume and pharmaceutical industries.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2010

The pine needles can be used for four seasons in normal living and it can be taken friendly everywhere as it is distributed over 50% in Korea. The pine needles consist of vitamins, protein, minerals, essential oil and enzyme related to antimicrobial activity. It has effect like high blood pressure, neuralgia and hanged over by terpene, glucokinin, rutin, apigenic acid and tannin. Also the extract of them can be used for dyeing of fabrics. However, the extract components and effects of them are not well known yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the volatile components of the pine needles extract and functionality. The pine needles extract was dyed into various fabrics(nylon, silk, wool and soybean) and mordanted with Al, Cu, Cr, Fe and Sn. The extracted aroma compounds were compared by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major volatile compounds of pine needles verified by using SPME were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-phellandrene, caryophyllene, ethanon, benzen. A total of 15 compounds were identified by using the SPME fibers. In the UV-visible spectra, the maximum absorption of wavelength of the pine needles ethanol extract appeared at 460, 630nm for chlorophyll component and at 237, 281nm for tannin component with the pine needles distilled water extract. Most of sample showed high antibacterial effect in none mordant but wool fabric showed high antibacterial effect in mordants. The result of UV block test showed a superior ability of blocking ultraviolet ray infiltration in all sample.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유황시비(硫黃施肥)에 따른 마늘의 품질(品質)과 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관한 시험(試驗)으로서 1986년산(年産) 서산한지형(寒地形) 마늘을 pot 및 포장(圃場)에서 유황시용량(硫黃施用量) 5개처리구(個處理區)(0, 10, 20, 30, 40kg/10a)를 3반복(反覆) 난괴법(亂塊法)으로 배치(配置)하여 재배(栽培)하였다. 재배기간중(栽培期間中) 주요(主要) 생육단계별(生育段階別)로 7회에 걸쳐 지상부(地上部)와 지하부(地下部)의 생육특성(生育特性) 및 수량조사(收量調査)와 마늘향기(香氣)의 주성분(主成分)인 diallyl disulfide를 비롯한 14종의 유기유황(有機硫黃) 화합물(化合物)을 GC 및 GC/MASS로 분리(分離), 확인(確認), 정량(定量)하여 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 지상부(地上部)의 생육조사(生育調査) 결과(結果)는 유황시비량(硫黃施肥量)에 따라 영향(影響)을 미치지 않으나, 지하부(地下部) 수량(收量)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 2. Pot 시험(試驗)에서는 10a당(當) 유황(硫黃) 10kg 시비해당구(施肥該當區)인 처리구(處理區)(S-10)에서, 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서는 20kg 시비(施肥)한 처리구(處理區)(SF-20)에서 마늘구근(球根)의 수량(收量)이 가장 많았다. 3. 마늘 향기성분(香氣成分)의 주성분(主成分)으로서 휘발성(揮發性) 유기유황(有機硫黃) 화합물(化合物)인 diallyl sulfide, allyl methyl dithia cyclo pentene, methyl propyl disulfide(Z+E), diallyl disulfide, dipropenyl disulfide, dipropenyl disulfide(isomer), allyl methyl trisulfide, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithia cyclo bexa-5-ene, 3-vinyl-1, 2-dithia cyclo hexa-4-ene, diallyl trisulfide, allyl propyl trisulfide 및 dipropenyl trisulfide의 함량(含量)은 pot 시험(試驗)에서는 SP-10, 포장시험(圃場試驗)에서는 SF-20구(區)에서 가장 높았다. 4. 상기(上記) 유기유황화합물(有機硫黃化合物)은 생육초기(生育初期)부터 지상부(地上部)에서 생합성후(生合成後) 지하부(地下部)로 이동(移動)되는 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다. 5. 마늘의 수량(收量), 마늘중 총유황(總硫黃) 및 휘발성(揮發性) 유기유황(有機硫黃) 향기성분함량(香氣成分含量)의 측면(側面)에서 판단(判斷)할 때 본(本) 시험(試驗)에 사용된 공시품종(供試品種)과 토양조건(土壤條件)에서는 10a당(當) 20kg의 유황시비구(硫黃施肥區)에서 포장경작시(圃場耕作時) 수량(收量)과 품질(品質)이 가장 양호(良好)한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2006

참치 안구유 원시료의 분석결과 모두 129개의 peak가 검출되었으며, 이중 99개의 peak에 대해서는 각 성분을 동정하였으나, 신빙성이 낮은 30개의 물질에 대해서는 미동정으로 처리하였다. 동정된 성분은 모두 99종으로, alkene류 24종, aldehyde류 20종, alkane류 15종, alchol류 13종, ketone류 9종, alkyne류 7종, 황화합물 3종, furan류 2종, 방향성화합물 2종, acid 2종, phenol류와 prydazine이 각 1종씩 검출 동정되었다. Aldehyde류 중 hexanal (threshold=4.5ppb), heptanal(threshold=31ppb)은 특징적인 풀 냄새를 갖지만 어유의 비린내와는 크게 밀접한 관련이 없는 것으로 보인다. 반면, 어유의 불쾌취에 크게 관여하는 것으로 보이는 2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal (threshold=0.08ppb), 및 (Z)-4-decenal(threshold=0.5ppb)이 검출되었으며 이들은 각각 강한 지방취와 card-boardlike을 나타내는 물질로 나타났다. 이들 aldehyde류 중 (Z)-4-decenal의 경우 arachidonic acid의 산화생성물로 알려져 있다. 또한 (E,E)-2,4-hepadienal의 경우 진한 지방취와 비린내를 유발하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용한 참치 안구유의 휘발성 성분의 분리에는 $50^{\circ}C$, 200bar의 조건에서 99.4%의 감소율을 나타내어 참치 안구유의 휘발성 성분에 가장 효과적인 조건으로 판단되었다. 이 조건에서는 소량의 heptanal을 제외한 대부분의 악취유발 가능성 성분이 분리되었으며, 비린내와 같은 어유 특유의 이취를 유발하는 성분은 모두 분리되는 것으로 나타났다. 참치 안구유속에서 동정된 21종의 악취 유발 가능성분의 분리에 있어서는 $40^{\circ}C$와 $60^{\circ}C$의 모든 압력조건에서 각각 유사한 분리효율을 나타내었으며, $40^{\circ}C$와 $50^{\circ}C$의 온도조건에서는 압력이 증가할수록 분리효율이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반응온도 $50^{\circ}C$에서는 200bar의 압력에서 가장 높은 분리효율을 나타내었고 안구유속의 휘발성 성분의 분리효율은 99.4%q에 달했다. 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 참치안구유의 휘발성성분을 분리 할 경우 다량으로 함유되어있는 고도불포화 지방산의 산화를 억제하면서도 높은 이취성분의 분리가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Mugwort (Artemisia montana), which is a perennial plant mainly distributed throughout Northeast Asian regions, has been used as a preferred source of various foods and traditional medicines in Korea. In particular, as essential oils extracted from mugwort were reported to be biologically active, its steam distillate has been widely used to treat various conditions, such as itching, hemorrhoids, and gynecological inflammation. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to develop effective methods for the collection of bioactive essential oils from mugwort. In this study, five mugwort extracts were obtained using different extraction conditions, namely, 6 % ethanol at room temperature and at 80 ℃, pure ethanol, n-hexane, and an adsorbent resin. To evaluate the five extracts of mugwort, area-under-the-curve values (AUCs), chemical profiles, and major bioactive essential oil contents were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An overall assessment of the volatile components, including essential oils, in the five extracts was conducted using AUCs, and the individual essential oil in each extract was identified. Furthermore, the four major essential oils (1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol, and α-terpineol), which are known to possess anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities, were quantified using authentic chemical standards. Based on the evaluation results, pure ethanol was the best extractant out of the five used in this study. This study provides evaluation results for the five different mugwort extracts and would be helpful for developing extraction methods to efficiently collect the bioactive oil components for medical purposes using chemical profiles of the extracts.