• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-230
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• 2002

Diesel exhaust particles are mostly sub-micrometer agglomerates composed of carbonaceous primary particles ranging from 10 to 80nm, but contain also adsorbed or condensed hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives, sulfur compounds, and other materials. If particles are primarily composed of volatile materials, they have different health impacts from solid particles. Thus, the analysis of the volatility of diesel particles is one of an important diesel research area. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.481-489
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• 1994

Koji를 첨가한 저식염 멸치젖의 숙성 중 휘발성 향기성분의 변화를 대조구와 분석 비교하였다. 총 106개의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었는데 이 중에서 79개의 화합물은 표준품으로 확인 동정되었다. 이들은 주로 alde-hyde, ketone, alcohol, ester, aromatic hydrocarbon, furan 및 nitrogen-containing화합물로 구성되어 있었다. 숙성 중 두시료에서 aldehyde 및 ester류의 화합물의 종류와 함량이 가장 많았다. 특히 koji를 첨가한 멸치젓에서는 대조구에서는 검출되지 않은 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine 및 tetramethylpyrazine 2-phenylethanol도 검출되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1998

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Ca to C9 were investigated with nine ambient air samples collected in April 26, August 17, 1996 and January 23, 1997 in a Seoul site. On each sampling day, three 2-hr integrated canister samples were collected in early morning, early afternoon and late afternoon, respectively to study temporal . variation of VOCs. Most of VOC species showed diurnal variation with higher concentrations in the early morning and lower concentrations in the afternoon. The concentrations of light alkanes were high, probably due to the emission from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and evaporation of gasoline. Especially, the concentration of propane was the highest in the morning samples. The concentrations of propane, ethylene, acetylene, and toluene were prominent in their hydrocarbon groups, respectively. These components were the main source of car exhaust, gasoline evaporization, LPG, or solvent usage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1992

봉동산 생강(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)의 정유성분조성을 분석코자 액체 이산화탄소 주출법으로 분리하여 silica gel column chromatography범에 의해 탄화수소 화합물 분획과 함산소 화합물 분획으로 분류한 다음 GC 및 GC-MS로 성분을 검토하였다. 추출물의 수율은 6.96%이었으며, SCC에 의해 분리된 분획의 분석결과 mass spectrum에 의해서 잠정적으로 확인된 58종을 포함하여 102종의 향기성분이 확인되었다. 중 탄화수소 화합물 분획에서는 zingiberene, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene,\;{\gamma}-cadinene,\;ar-curcumene$ 등이 주성분이었고, 함산소 화합물 분획에서는 gernal, sesquisabinene hydrate, borneol, zingiberenol 등이 주성분 이었다. 총 essential oil의 조성은 $zingiberene,\;citronellol+{\beta}-sesquiphellandrene,\;geranial,\;{\gamma}-bisabolene,\;ar-curcumene+geranyl\;acetate$ 등이 주성분으로 sesquiterpene hydrocarbon의 함량이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.964-971
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• 1995

키조개 부산물로 부터 향미제로 응용하기 위하여 제조한 가수분해물의 유리아미노산 및 휘발성 향기성분을 분석한 결과, 유리아미노산의 경우 가수분해물이 생시료에 비해 3배 이상 증가하였으며 taurine의 함량이 가장 많았다. 그리고 생시료와 가수분해물의 휘발성 향기성분을 분석한 결과 총 109종의 화합물이 동정되었는데 이중에서 생시료는 88종, 가수분해물은 65종이 검출되었다. 그리고 이들은 주로 알데히드류(16종), 케톤류(17종), 알콜류(31종), 함질소화합물류(16종), 방향족화합물류(8종), 에스테르류(3종) 및 기타 화합물류(17종)으로 구성되어 있었다. 특히 생시료에서의 산화취 성분인 알데히드류 및 방향족화합물은 가수분해물에서 상당량 감소되었으며 반면에 고소한 향기성분인 heterocyclic 화합물이 상당량 검출되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2009

전주의 음식점 12곳에서 판매되는 모주를 수집하여 제조방법과 알코올 함량, pH, 산도, 고형분 함량, 환원당, 자외부흡수, 유기산 및 유리당 등의 이화학적 특성, 색도, 점도 등의 물리적 특성 그리고 휘발성 화합물 성분을 비교 분석하였다. 원주 막걸리 이외에 감초, 인삼, 당귀, 계피 등의 한약재와 설탕 등을 첨가하여 40분-6시간 끓여 제조한 자가 모주의 알코올 함량은 2.1%이하로 나타났고 pH는 3.85-4.38의 수준을 보였고 총산, 고형분 함량 그리고 자외부 흡수는 모주 제조 시 첨가하는 부재료에 따라 각각 다른 값을 나타내었으며 환원당은 일반 탁주에 비하여 월등히 높은 함량을 보였다. 유기산 중 malic acid와 lactic acid는 다른 4종의 유기산에 비하여 높게 나타났으며 유리당은 maltose>glucose>fructose의 순으로 나타났다. 색도는 전체적으로 명도값이 낮고 황색도 값이 높아 탁하고 황색을 많이 띄는 것을 알 수 있었으며 제조 시 가열 공정을 거쳐 일반 탁주에 비하여 걸쭉한 상태를 나타내었다. GC와 GC/MSD를 사용한 휘발성 화합물 성분 분석 결과 검출된 30개의 휘발성 향기 성분 중 alcohol은 3종, ester는 12종, hydrocarbon은 7종 그리고 aldehyde는 4종이 동정되었다. Alcohol 중 isoamyl alcohol에 비하여 benzeneethanol의 면적 비율이 높았으며, 원주인 막걸리로부터 기인한 것으로 사료되는 ester 중 ethyl caprate, ethyl palmitate 그리고 ethyl linoleate도 높은 면적 비율을 나타내었다. 동정된 7개의 hydrocarbon 중 모주의 종류에 관계없이 (E)-cinnamaldehyde가 가장 높게 나타났는데 검출된 (E)-cinnamyl acetate와 함께 자가 모주 제조 공통적으로 첨가하는 계피에서 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.44-63
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• 2000

Situated close to Heathrow Airport, and adjacent to the M4 and M25 Motorways, the site at Axis Park is considered a prime location for business in the UK. In consequnce two of the UK's major property development companies, MEPC and Redrew Homes sought the expertise of Intergeo to remediate the contaminated former industrial site prior to its development. Industrial use of the twenty-six hectare site, started in 1936, when Hawker Aircraft commence aircraft manufacture. In 1963 the Firestone Tyre and Rubber Company purchased part of the site. Ford commenced vehicle production at the site in the mid-1970's and production was continued by Iveco Ford from 1986 to the plant's decommissioning in 1997. Geologically the site is underlain by sand and gravel, deposited in prehistory by the River Thames, with London Clay at around 6m depth. The level of groundwater fluctuates seasonally at around 2.5m depth, moving slowly southwest towards local streams and watercourses. A phased investigation of the site was undertaken, which culminated in the extensive site investigation undertaken by Intergeo in 1998. In total 50 boreholes, 90 probeholes and 60 trial pits were used to investigate the site and around 4000 solid and 1300 liquid samples were tested in the laboratory for chemical substances. The investigations identified total petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil up to 25, 000mg/kg. Diesel oil, with some lubricating oil were the main components. Volatile organic compounds were identified in the groundwater in excess of 10mg/l. Specific substances included trichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloroethene. Both the oil and volatile compounds were widely spread across the site, The specific substances identified could be traced back to industrial processes used at one or other dates in the sites history Slightly elevated levels of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were also identified locally. Prior to remediation of the site and throughout its progress, extensive liaison with the regulatory authorities and the client's professional representatives was required. In addition to meetings, numerous technical documents detailing methods and health and safety issues were required in order to comply with UK environmental and safety legislation. After initially considering a range of options to undertake remediation, the following three main techniques were selected: ex-situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils, skimming of free floating hydrocarbon product from the water surface at wells and excavations and air stripping of volatile organic compounds from groundwater recovered from wells. The achievements were as follows: 1) 350, 000m3 of soil was excavated and 112, 000m3 of sand and gravel was processed to remove gravel and cobble sized particles; 2) 53, 000m3 of hydrocarbon contaminated soil was bioremediated in windrows ; 3) 7000m3 of groundwater was processed by skimming to remove free floating Product; 4) 196, 000m3 of groundwater was Processed by air stripping to remove volatile organic compounds. Only 1000m3 of soil left the site for disposal in licensed waste facilities Given the costs of disposal in the UK, the selected methods represented a considerable cost saving to the Clients. All other soil was engineered back into the ground to a precise geotechnical specification. The following objective levels were achieved across the site 1) By a Risk Based Corrective Action (RBCA) methodology it was demonstrated that soil with less that 1000mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons did not pose a hazard to health or water resources and therefore, could remain insitu; 2) Soils destined for the residential areas of the site were remediated to 250mg/kg total petroleum hydrocarbons; in the industrial areas 500mg/kg was proven acceptable. 3) Hydrocarbons in groundwater were remediated to below the Dutch Intervegtion Level of 0.6mg/1; 4) Volatile organic compounds/BTEX group substances were reduced to below the Dutch Intervention Levels; 5) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals were below Inter-departmental Committee for the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land guideline levels for intended enduse. In order to verify the qualify of the work 1500 chemical test results were submitted for the purpose of validation. Quality assurance checks were undertaken by independent consultants and at an independent laboratory selected by Intergeo. Long term monitoring of water quality was undertaken for a period of one year after remediation work had been completed. Both the regulatory authorities and Clients representatives endorsed the quality of remediation now completed at the site. Subsequent to completion of the remediation work Redrew Homes constructed a prestige housing development. The properties at "Belvedere Place" retailed at premium prices. On the MEPC site the Post Office, amongst others, has located a major sorting office for the London area. Exceptionally high standards of remediation, control and documentation were a requirement for the work undertaken here.aken here.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.654-658
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• 1996

제호탕의 유기산 함량은 formic acid 739.Snm(0.07%), lactic acid 2162.1ppm(0.22%), acetic acid 3204ppm(0.32%), citric acid 31763.7ppm(3.2%)이었으며 가장 특이한 것은 citric acid가 3.2%를 함유하는 것으로 나타나 제호탕의 신맛에 근원인 것으로 생각되었다. GC/MSD사용하여 확인된 제호탕의 향기성 분은 39종으로 이들의 구성 성분을 분류하면 hydrocarbon류(30.81%) 17종, adehyde류(7.18 %) 1종, ketone류(4.79%) 2종, terpene류(25.96%) 8종, acid류(16%) 4종, alcohol류(5.42%) 2종, phenol류(2.76%) 2종, 그리고 기타 향기(7.68%) 3종이었다. 이 결과로 볼 때 hydrocarbon류, terpene류, acid류가 전체 향기성분의 70%이상을 차지하여 이들이 제호탕의 특유한 향기성분이었다. 제호탕의 색소 추출액은 200~400nm에서 최대 홉수파장을 나타내어 황색~적색 계통의 여러가지 색소가 혼합되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2005

The volatile components of Pinus densiflora needles were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), using seven kinds of solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, seven in SPME fibers: 100 ${\mu}m$ PDMS, 65 ${\mu}m$ PDMS/DVB, 65 ${\mu}m$ SF-PDMS/DVB, 85 ${\mu}m$ PA, 75 ${\mu}m$ CAR/PDMS, 65 ${\mu}m$ CW/DVB and 50/30 ${\mu}m$ DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers. A total of 40 components were identified by using the seven different SPME fibers. The identified components were classified, according to their functionalities, as follows: 26 hydro-carbons, 7 alcohols, 4 carbonyl compounds, and 3 esters. The major volatile components of Pinus densiflora needles identified by these SPME fibers were $\alpha$-pinene ($1.7\~21.7\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-myrcene ($2.0\~20.1\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-phel-landrene ($4.6\~22.8\;{\mu}g/g$), $\beta$-caryophyllene ($6.7\~26.0\;{\mu}g/g$) germacrene D ($1.1\~11.9\;{\mu}g/g$). In the comparison of the seven SPME fibers, PDMS appeared to be the most suitable fiber for the analysis of hydrocarbon compounds and CAR/DPMS, PDMS/DVB, CW/VB and DVB/CAR/PDMS are shown to be optimal for analysis of the alcohols and carbonyl compounds.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.889-892
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• 2009

A microwave plasma torch at the atmospheric pressure by making use of magnetrons operated at the 2.45 GHz and used in a home microwave oven has been developed. This electrodeless torch can be used to various areas, including industrial, environmental and military applications. Although the microwave plasma torch has many applications, we in the present work focused on the microwave plasma torch operated in pure steam and several applications, which may be used in future and right now. For example, a high-temperature steam microwave plasma torch may have a potential application of the hydrocarbon fuel reforming at one atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the radicals including hydrogen, oxygen and hydroxide molecules are abundantly available in the steam torch, dramatically enhancing the reaction speed. Also, the microwave plasma torch can be used as a high-temperature, large-volume plasma burner by injecting hydrocarbon fuels in gas, liquid, and solid into the plasma flame. Lastly, we briefly report an underway research, which is remediation of soils contaminated with oils, volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, etc.