• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2004

The Third Generation (3G) cellular mobile communication systems aim at providing higher data rates, improved quality of service, support for multimedia applications and global roaming. Cdma2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) have emerged as two leading 3G standards in USA and European countries, respectively. Both the standards are capable of delivering high bandwidth data, voice and multimedia services to users of mobile equipment, but are not directly interoperableand are not available across different geographic areas, due to which global roaming is not possible in true sense of using single mobile equipment. However, both UMTS and cdma2000 are based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) as the access method. Due to this, there exist some inherent commonalities between them. In this paper we will try to exploit the commonalities between the two standards in order to design an ASIC, which can provide dual standard capability. This paper discusses the physical layer aspects of the two standards and proposes an approach to design an ASIC which can be mapped to baseband processing part of the physical layer and is capable of delivering for either of the two aforementioned standards.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.73-85
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• 2010

The chapter holds great importance in understanding the fundamental aspect of disease occurrence, for it contains key concepts of disease of Naegyeong medicine. For this reason, prominent doctors from Jang Gyeong-ak(張景岳) of Ming to Lee Gyujun (李奎晙) of late Josun have based their Yang Gi-centered medical theories on this chapter. However, doctors such as Ju Jinhyeong(朱震亨) who have stressed the importance of Eum, also used the contents of this chapter to support their perspective on disease, which means that the main voice of this chapter is still unclear. Based on the previous chapter, it is valid to say that uses the Eum-Yang Body-Function Perspective(陰陽體用觀) to establish the fundamentals of life and parallels the uniqueness of each kind of Gi, Eum and Yang, in leading Gi activity in mankind. This philosophy based on the uniqueness of the activity of Eum/Yang Gi expands its target from human to disease in general, becoming actualized as a theory of external/internal body-function perspective. Cultivation methods based on this uniqueness is also being suggested.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2003

Cancers of the cervical esophagus occur uncommonly, but treatment is remaining a challenging problem and surgery demands special knowledge of abdominal, thoracic, and neck surgery. The primary risk factor is chronic heartburn, leading to a sequence of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, reflux esophagitis and etc. Among the various treatment modalities, Surgery is still a mainstay of treatment. The main aim of surgery is not only oncologically adequate resection but also preservation or restoration of physiologic functions, such as deglutition and phonation. Surgical treatment of cervical esophageal cancer is influenced by special problems arising from tumor factors, patient factors and surgeon factors. Complete clearance of loco-regional disease and prevention of postoperative complications are of particular importance for the improvement of long-term survival in patients with these cancers. So the cervical and thoracic extension of these tumors usually required an extensive lymphadenectomy with primary resection. Radical resection of the primary site almostly include sacrifice of the larynx, but the voice could be rehabilitated with various methods, such as tracheoesophageal prosthesis or tracheoesophageal shunts, etc. Restoration of the esophageal conduit can be performed using gastric or colon interposition, radial forearm free flap or jejunum free flap, etc. Recently, the advances of radiation therapy and chemotherapy will enable less extended resections with greater rates of laryngeal preservation. At initial presentation, up to 50％ to 70％ of patients will have advanced locoregional or distant disease with virtually no chance for cure. Patients with advanced but potentially resectable esophageal cancer are generally treated by surgery with some form of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, with 5-year survivals in the 20％ to 30％ range. So the significant adverse factors affecting survival should be taken into account to select the candidates for surgery.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2000

this paper presents the concept of "mobile ATM', a proposal for third-generation (3G) mobile communication network infrastructure capable of supporting flexible evolution of radio technologies from today's cellular and data services towards future wireless multimedia services. Mobile ATM provides generic mobility management and QoS-based transport capabilities suitable for integration of multiple radio access technologies including cellular voice. wireless data, and future broadband wireless services. The architecture of a mobile ATM network is outlined in terms of the newly-defined "W-UNI" interface at the radio link and "M-UNI"and "M-UNI" interface which supports unified access for WATM and non-ATM mobile terminals through corresponding interworking functions (IWF) is explained. leading to an understanding of how different radio access technologies are supported by the same ATM-based core network infrastructure. Generic mechanisms for handoff and location management within the core mobile network are discussed. and related protocol extensions over the "W-UNI" and "M-UNI/NNI"interfaces are proposed. the issue of "crossover switch (COS)" selection in mobile ATM is considered, and a unified handoff signaling syntax which supports flexibility in COS selection is described. Typical signaling sequences for call connection and handoff using the proposed protocols are outlined. Experimental results form a proof-of-concept mobile ATM network prototype are presented in conclusion.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2016

Today, leading smartphone manufacturers offer biometric technologies such as fingerprints, voice recognition, and iris patterns in their flagship models. These biometric technologies are used for authentication. Biometric authentications are widely used in device security and even in financial transaction. This paper examines cases where a user uses biometric authentication during financial transaction (both online and smartphone banking), and explains biometric for non-repudiation by digital signature. Finally, the paper also explains technical and legal requirements for biometric authentication in the area of financial services.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.2178-2187
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• 2015

Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth LE) is a representative break-through communication technology for wireless personal area networks on nowaday. In this environment, most of significant performance should be aiming to energy efficiency due to the policy for manufacturing light-weighted communication devices derived from requirement of world IoT market, and many researches have been developed to satisfy this requirement. While Bluetooth LE has been leading the low power communication technology required from the current market by employing duty cycle and frequency hopping approaches, it couldn't address the problem of reliability on broadcast transmissions. The main goal of this paper is aiming to addressing this problem by suggesting a new method. Furthermore analytic evaluations would also be proceeded to find objective results in the view point of broadcast transmission efficiency from Master device.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

Due to the rapid development of computer technology, online learning using ICT technology is already quickly settling in our lives. Music education was conducted mainly in an offline-based environment, but research is being conducted to switch to online because there is no time and space constraint of online education and interactive education led by learners is possible. In this study, we propose design and implement an adaptive learning system to enable adaptive learning online among music education. This system has the following advantages. First, by providing an LMS-based platform, one can solve the social education problem corresponding to economic and geographical factors. Second, both objective learning feedback provided automatically by the online adaptive harmony learning system and teaching feedback. Third, learners can be provided with recommended answers to given harmony exercises. The adaptive online learning system of harmony will lead professors and learners to effectively teach and study.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.902-911
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• 2007

GSM platform is a hugely successful wireless technology and an unprecedented story of global achievement. In less than ten years since the first GSM network was commercially launched, it became the world's leading and fastest growing mobile standard, using over 1 billion GSM subscribers across more than 200 countries of the world. GSM platform evolved into 3th generation mobile communication which includes not only voice call services but also the international roaming and various kinds of the multimedia services. GSM is an essential element techniques a safe data transmission and a personal private protection while support services. However, a crypto algorithm and a secure protocol for a safe data communication using GSM are indicating various kinds of problems. In this paper, we propose a more safer and more efficient authentication protocol in 3th generation network through analysis of GSM security mechanism of 2th/2.5th generation. This security protocol offers enforced security efficiency by using user verification between SIM/ME and reduction of authentication and key agreement step between SIM/ME/AuC.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Profit-keeping behaviors naturally occur in the market to satisfy consumers, and the logic behind it lies in the economies of scale. On the flip side, some commodities transacted in the market are not available or can not be easily acquired unless the demand is high enough. Under this proposition, some consumers rise and find their own solution to meet the services at a reasonable cost or at an adequate level. The commonly adopted way is to establish a cooperative, and it stirs purchasing power by pooling resources and further bargains price and service quality. As a consumer cooperative, housing cooperatives notably found in rural towns enable the elderly to continue independent living. This study is to take a closer look at residential life of the rural elderly in housing cooperatives. Utilizing in-depth focus group interviews with 40 residents in four housing cooperatives, this qualitative research draws main factors affecting the decision to move in, residential assessment, and strengths and weakness of living in a housing cooperative. The primary factor influencing the moving decision is to continue to independent living in a familiar community, and the bottom line is planning ahead. Frailty and bereavement are found to be the leading occasions for them to move. The participants are satisfied with the independent living arrangement, and particularly, cited such features as safety and security, elderly-friendly design, common spaces, freedom, social activities and efficient living. Also, it is stated that some cooperative natures such as control over the property and giving a voice on management render positive impacts on the satisfaction with communal living. In spite of all the benefits and strengths, participants face with a public notion that an independent living arrangement like a housing cooperative has never done before in rural towns, so that most people recognize it as part of dependent living arrangements like nursing home.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.108-118
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• 2015

One hundred years have passed since the Western modern play emerged in Korea. Meanwhile, the numerous actors have appeared and disappeared as well, but leaving the record of their great art of acting is still negligible. For stage performances recorded and restoration of works of art creative process is a very important basis for future generations inherit a world of art. The aim of this study will look back on the life and achievements of the greatest senior actor, Jang Min-ho(1924-2012) died in 2012 and see his acting career and world of art. He was born at the time actors were not valued as an expert yet. Recording a life of an actor itself becomes an opportunity for fundamental reflection for the essence of play and role of actor, and introspecting an actor's life on acting becomes an effect that the actor's unique acting style is delivered to younger generations. By recording the actor's life and life on art, I hope that the contemporaries are able to recognize the value and importance of artists leading the contemporary era with being increased interest.