• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2018

The Modified Voiced Lip Trill (MVoLT) training is a variant of voiced lip-till training characterized by increased loudness, lowered laryngeal position, and lip contact facilitated with fingers. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of the MVoLT training program on vocal changes of musical singing theater students. A total of 32 musical theater students (17 males and 15 females, age ranging from 18 to 29) participated in the study. For about three months, each participant was tutored using a systematic program focussing on the MVoLT training, accompanied by certain facilitating strategies. Pre- & post-training multi-dimensional vocal characteristics were assesed and compared. Results showed that cepstral peak prominence during vowel phonation increased after training, while its standard deviation and Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia decreased. When an aerodynamic assessment was performed, maximum phonation time, subglottal pressure, mean airflow rate increased, while electroglottographic measures did not change. In addition, decreased psychometric measures, higher maximum pitch, and increased vocal range were noted after training. In conclusion, the MVoLT was proven to have a potential as an effective and safe training method for musical theater singing.

• MALSORI
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• no.35_36
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• pp.121-129
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• 1998

In this paper, articulatory simulator 'Artsim' is used as a tool for the experiments to examine the articulatory characteristics of 6 different vowels. Each vowels are defined by some articulatory points from their vocal tract area functions and shapes of tongues. Each points are varied systematically to synthesize vowels and the synthesized sound is evaluated by human listners. Finally distributions of each vowels within vowel space is obtained. From the experimental results it is verified that our articulatory simulator can be used effectively to investigate the articulatory characteristics of speech.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.143-145
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• 2007

Muscle groups that are located in and around the vocal tract can produce audible changes in frequency and/or intensity of the voice. Vocal vibrato is a characteristic feature in the singing of performers trained in the western classical tradition and vibrato is generally considered to result from modulation in frequency amplitude and timbre. Vocal tremor is also characterized by periodic fluctuations in the voice frequency or intensity and vocal tremor is symptom of a neurological disease as Spasmodic dysphonia , Parkinson's disease. Vocal vibrato and Vocal tremor may have many of the same origins and mechanisms in the voice production systems. The purpose of this study is to find acostic character of Korean traditional song Pansori singer's vibrato and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's vocal tremor. twelve Pansori singers and seven Spasmodic dysponia patients participated to this study. Power spectrum and Real time Spectrogram are used to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's voice The results are as follows; First, vowel formant differences between Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patient's voice are higher F1, F3. Second, The vibrato rate show differences between Pansori singing and Spasmodic dysphonia patients;$4^{\sim}6/sec$ and $5{\sim}6/sec$ Vibrato rate of pitch is 5.7 Hz ${\sim}$ 42.4 Hz for Pansori singing , 3.8 Hz ${\sim}$ 27.9 Hz for Spasmodic dysphonia patients ;Vibrato rate of intensity range is 0.07 dB ${\sim}$ 8.26 dB for Pansori singing and 0.07 dB ${\sim}$ 4.81 dB for Spasmodic dysphonia patients

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Conditions such as muscle atrophy, stretching of strap muscles, and continued craniofacial growth factors have been cited as contributing to the changes observed in the vocal tract structure and function in elderly speakers. The purpose of the present study is to compare F$_1$ and F$_2$ frequency levels in elderly and young adult male and female speakers producing a series of vowels ranging from high-front to low-back placement. Material and Methods : The subjects were two groups of young adults(10 males, 10 females, mean age 21 years old range 19-24 years) and two groups of elderly speakers(10 males, 10 females, mean age 67 years : range 60-84 years). Each subject participated in speech pathologist to be a speaker of unimpared standard Korean. The headphone was positioned 2 cm from the speakers lips. Each speaker sustained the five vowels for 5 s. Formant frequency measures were obtained from an analysis of linear predictive coding in CSL model 4300B(Kay co). Results : Repeated measure AVOVA procedures were completed on the $F_1$ and $F_2$ data for the male and female speakers. $F_2$ formant frequency levels were proven to be significantly lower fir elderly speakers. Conclusions : We presume $F_2$ vocal cavity(from the point of tongue constriction to lip) lengthening in elderly speakers. The research designed to observe dynamic speech production more directly will be needed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find clues to the risk of voice disorders in soprano students. The subjects of the study were 17 soprano students and 18 general students (women). The phonation of vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/ with C4 and F4 notes in each group were recorded. Then, only soprano students were made to record their classical vocalization containing vibrato. Formant, formant energy, bandwidth, VAI (vowel area index), VSA (vowel space area) and L/H ratio were analyzed. There was significant difference in F3 such that the singers' note was measured around 3 kHz which seems to be 400 Hz higher than one from general students. But, There was no significant difference in L/H ratio between soprano student and the general student. There was a significant difference in F3 in the comparison of the soprano students' two vocalization methods. Classical vocalization was measured at 200Hz higher than sustained phonation in F3. Vocal tract adjustment was made and vowel space changed, but there was no significant difference in F3 energy, which is the index of singers' formant according to the phonation method. The L/H ratio, which can be a direct indicator of vocal effort, has no difference in phonation method and is lowered in all phonation methods as the pitch increases. C4 and F4 pitches are lower than the singing range of the soprano. When the pitch changes, vocal effort increases like a general student which will be an indicator of the risk of vocalization. This will be a clue to the vocalization of the immature soprano student.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 1998

Speech signals are, depending on the characteristics of waveform, classified as voiced sound, unvoiced sound, and silence. Voiced sound, produced by an air flow generated by the vibration of the vocal cords, is quasi-periodic, while unvoiced sound, produced by a turbulent air flow passed through some constriction in the vocal tract, is noise-like. Silence represents the ambient noise signal during the absence of speech. The need for deciding whether a given segment of a speech waveform should be classified as voiced, unvoiced, or silence has arisen in many speech analysis systems. In this paper, a voiced/unvoiced/silence classification algorithm using spectral change in the wavelet transformed signal is proposed and then, experimental results are demonstrated with our discussions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Voice onset time(VOT) is defined as the time interval from oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristics of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. Stop consonants are characterized by creation of a pressure difference across a complete occlusion in the vocal tract, followed by a sudden release 'burst' due to opening that occlusion. The objects of this study is to evaluate a usefulness of voice onset time in the assessment of voice disorderd patients. Subjects : Subjects were 20 adults with normal voice and with benign laryngeal disorders. Subjects with voice disorders represented the following vocal pathologies : vocal polyp, vocal nodule, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis(UVFP). Control subjects were matched for age (21-40 yews old) and sex(male) with the voice disorders subjects and had normal vocal qualities with no history of voice disorders. Methods : Each voice-disordered and matched control subject read the test passages containing three types of Korean bilabial consonants. VOT measures were made for the initial $/p/p^h/\;and\;/p'/$. VOT was measured using acoustic waveform or wide band spectrogram. Results : For each voiceless stop consonants, there was a significant difference in VOT between the voice disordered and normal subjects. The mean VOTs of the lax stops in UVFP was significantly shorter than those of control subjects in the UVFP. The mean VOTs of the aspirated stops in the vocal polyp and nodule were longer than those of control subjects, but not significant. The mean VOTs of the glottalized in voice disordered groups were longer than those of control subjects, and significant statistically in the UVFP. Conclusions : VOT may be a clinically useful acoustic parameter in the assessment of voice disordered patients, especially in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.3119-3127
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• 2000

This paper is a study to find a new method of feature selection for vibrationof buman body by analyzing correlationof vibration between King Songdok Bell and Human body. The vibration characteristics are analyzed by matching body, vocal tract, diaphragm and asymmetrical clements of human body with Bell, resonator, hole in the ground and asymmetical elements. In the result, the characteristics of sound vibrationof King Songdok Bell is useful to apply it to vibration characteristics of human body because the vibration characteristics of ech elements is alike.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.316-324
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• 2020

It has experienced how difficult People with foreign language learning, it is to pronounce a new language different from the native language. The goal of various foreigners who want to learn Korean is to speak Korean as well as their native language to communicate smoothly. However, each native language's vocal habits also appear in Korean pronunciation, which prevents accurate information transmission. In this paper, the pronunciation of Chinese learners was compared with that of Korean. For comparison, the fundamental frequency and its variation of the speech signal were examined and the spectrogram was analyzed. The Formant frequencies known as the resonant frequency of the vocal tract were calculated. Based on these characteristics parameters, the classifier of the Supporting Vector Machine was found to classify the pronunciation of Koreans and the pronunciation of Chinese learners. In particular, the linguistic proposition was scientifically proved by examining the Korean pronunciation of /ㄹ/ that the Chinese people were not good at pronouncing.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.