• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1845-1851
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• 2007

Background noise and room reverberation are two causes of degradation in speech in listening situations. Many algorithms developed to enhance reverberant speech. In this paper we propose a dereverberation method for enhancement of speech using modified the linear prediction(LP) residual in reverberant room condition. The proposed dereberberation method based on the fact that the signification excitation of the vocal tract system takes place at the instant of glottal closure in voiced speech. Our method used delay information form each sensor, and we need reverberant signals from 3 sensors. We obtain a new LP residual signal using modified IP residual combination which derived form weighting of the LP residual and the Hilbert transform of LP residual. The nature of the coherently added Hilbert envelop has several large amplitude spikes because of the effects of noise and reverberation. This residual of the clean speech is used to excite the time-varying all-pole filter to obtain the enhanced speech. We achieved simulation of proposed algorithm for performance analysis in reverberation environment. The proposed algorithm improves substantially the quality of reverberant speech.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2018

This study analyzes Cho, Yong- Pil's contribution on K-Pop history as he celebrates the 50th anniversary of his debut. The history of K-Pop, when Cho has been active in, is divided into three periods. From the late 1960s to the early 1980s was a period when trots and rocks were popular. Soft rock, heavy metal, and ballads came in from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. From the late 2000s to the present, dance music, mostly hook songs, has dominated. In every inflection point of K-Pop history, he contributed to the development throughout various musical genres. In the first period, he introduced rock music with the unique emotion of Korea by combining the trot and the rock genre. In the second period, he contributed to the development of both rock and ballad genres. In the third period, his hook songs were released to the controversy, but it contributed to creating an atmosphere in which the vocal ability of the vocalist in idol groups was emphasized in the K-pop scene.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2021

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) or cricohyoidopexy (CHP) involves the removal of the whole thyroid cartilage, both true and false vocal cords, the ventricles, and the paraglottic spaces, sparing the cricoid cartilage, hyoid bone, and at least one functional and mobile cricoarytenoid unit. Reconstruction is performed by suturing of the cricoid cartilage up tightly to the hyoid bone, so trachea-releasing procedures are needed to prevent leakage at anastomosis site. In case of advanced tranglottic cancer invading tracheal tracheal wall, we need to perform additional circumferentrial circumferential tracheal wall resection. However, when we perform SCPL, circumferential resection of tracheal wall is limited because SCPL procedure itself needs releasing of tracheal length. We report a case of advanced transglottic cancer involving tracheal wall treated with induction chemotherapy and SCPL including tracheal wall resection with reconstruction of tracheal defect by sternocleidomastoid muscle flap covered with skin graft.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

Wet voice quality (WVQ) is a characteristic that appears after swallowing. Although the concept is accepted by many clinicians worldwide, it is nevertheless ambiguous. In this study, we investigated WVQ in patients with swallowing disorders using acoustic analysis. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with penetration-aspiration by the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were recruited. A voice recording of vowel /a/ was conducted before and after the VFSS, and an acoustic analysis was then performed using PRAAT. Voice after VFSS was used for a perceptual judgment and divided into two groups: the Wet group (48 patients) and the Non-wet group (58 patients). At the post-VFSS stage, the two groups displayed significant differences in many acoustic parameters including F0_SD, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, APQ, HNR, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP. The parameter affecting judging wetness resulted into Jitter and NHR by the logistic regression test. At the pre-VFSS stage, the two groups differed significantly in many acoustic parameters including Intensity, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP. Both pre-and post-VFSS, the mean values of all significant parameters, except Intensity, HNR, and CPP, were higher in the Wet group. According to pre-and post-VFSS, the two groups displayed interactions in many parameters (Intensity, F0_SD, Jitter, RAP, Shimmer, APQ, HNR, NHR, FUF, DVB, and CPP). In particular, Intensity increased in both groups after the VFSS, although the increase in the Non-wet group was greater. Based on these results, it was conjectured that the WVQ after swallowing resulted from the secretion effect of the mucous membrane due to the dry laryngeal characteristic of elderly patients, rather than aspiration resulting in food on the vocal cords.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in thyroid surgery has been employed worldwide to identify and preserve the nerve as an adjunct to visual identification. The aims of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of IONM and difficulties in the learning curve. Materials and Methods: We studied 63 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with IONM during last 2 years. The standard IONM procedure was performed using NIM 3.0 or C2 Nerve Monitoring System. Patients were divided into two chronological groups based on the success rate of IONM (33 cases in the early period and 30 cases in the late period), and the outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: Of 63 patients, 32 underwent total thyroidectomy and 31 thyroid lobectomy. Failure of IONM occurred in 9 cases: 8 cases in the early period and 1 case in the late period. Loss of signal occurred in 8 nerves of 82 nerves at risk. The positive predictive value increased from 16.7% in the early period to 50% in the late period. The mean amplitude of the late period was higher than that of the early period (p<0.001). Conclusion: IONM in thyroid surgery is effective to preserve the RLN and to predict postoperative nerve function. However, failure of IONM and high false positive rate can occur in the learning curve, and the learning curve was about 30 cases based on the results of this study.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2018

The The ROK military announced a reform proposal for the National Defense Reform 2.0 in 2018 in order to substantially guarantee the constitutional rights and human rights of the soldiers and to meet the demands of the military judicial reform. In order to establish a fair and independent military judicial system through such reforms, the Supreme Military Court was abolished to eradicate the controversy in the army and to abolish the system of the judges' And professionalism is systematically ensured so that judges can be judged only by law and conscience. This military reform proposal is so dramatic that it has a vocal voice of opposition, but the military should no longer be an exception to democracy and should try not to get caught in the stigma of human rights blindness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.212-217
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• 2018

Shin Hae-Chul's music opened a new horizon in the Korean pop music market where only popular music is produced and the music of a similar genre or pattern is mainstream, which has dissolved the complaints of the public who longed for new music. He experimented with his musical potential every time he released his work, which received favorable reviews in that he raised the level of Korean pop music. To solve the unstable factors in today's pop music, it is important to appeal to the public by capturing quality work through continued studies and creative activities. In that context, the attitude of "Next" is led by the late Shin Hae-Chul, and his qualities as an artist greatly contributed to the development of Korean pop music. This indicates that if musicians strive to develop themselves, and strengthen their creative ability to make bold and new attempts, Korean pop music will lead to another fashionable "K-pop" and will open up a new horizon.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.189-194
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• 2019

This paper is a study on the methodology of making customized contents according to user 's tendency through the development of learning contents utilizing IT. A variety of learners around the world use mobile devices and mobile learning contents to conduct their learning activities in various fields, and foreign language learning is one of the typical mobile learning areas. Foreign language learning contents suggested in this study is constructed based on the learner's verbal and text information in accordance with the user's vocal tendency. It is necessary to find out a suitable method to translate the user's native language text into the target language and make it into user friendly content.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.208-220
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine health problems experienced by workers in special employment relationships (WSER) and identify coping strategies used when such problems occur. Methods: This qualitative study used the focus group interview method. Thirteen study participants included five home-visit tutors, five insurance salespersons, and three credit card recruiters. The interviews were conducted from November 2018 through January 2019, with each occupational group interview lasting about 2 hours. Analysis based on phenomenological research was independently performed by two researchers. Results: Most participants had common health problems involving vocal cord symptoms, and stress related to emotional labor and traffic accidents. The unique health problems included cystitis, musculoskeletal, and digestive symptoms in home-visit tutors; reduced vision and hearing in insurance salespersons; and mental distress in credit card recruiters. There was no protection system for their health coverage, and the company emphasized their self-employed status to avoid taking responsibility for them. Twelve participants did not purchase occupational accident insurance owing to both not having adequate information and economic burden concerning premium status. Conclusion: WSER experienced both physical and mental health problems. These problems were caused by their unstable employment status, and the social security system for their coverage being non-functioning.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.4849-4865
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• 2020

The traditional roles of leaders are to influence members and motivate them to achieve shared goals in organizations. However, leaders such as top managers and chief executive officers, in practice, do not always directly meet or influence other company members. In fact, they tend to have the greatest impact on their members through formal speeches, company procedures, and the like. As such, official speech is directly related to the motivation of company employees. In an official speech, not only the contents of the speech, but also the voice characteristics of the speaker have an important influence on listeners, as the different vocal characteristics of a person can have different effects on the listener. Therefore, according to the voice characteristics of a leader, the cognition of the members may change, and, the degree to which the members are influenced and motivated will be different. This study identifies how members may perceive a speech differently according to the different voice characteristics of leaders in formal speeches. Further, different perceptions about voices will influence members' cognition of the leader, for example, in how trustworthy they appear. The study analyzed recorded speeches of leaders, and extracted features of their speaking style through digital speech signal analysis. Then, parameters were extracted and analyzed by the time domain, frequency domain, and spectrogram domain methods. We also analyzed the parameters for use in Natural Language Processing. We investigated which leader's voice characteristics had more influence on members or were more effective on them. A person's voice characteristics can be changed. Therefore, leaders who seek to influence members in formal speeches should have effective voice characteristics to motivate followers.