• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2014

The present study investigated an ethanol extract (SSB) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Vitis amurensis, Aralia cordata, and Glycyrrhizae radix for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by Amyloid ${\beta}$ protein ($A{\beta}$) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $15{\mu}M$ $A{\beta}$ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $1-30{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, SSB inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $A{\beta}$ (25-35) in cultured cortical neurons. Memory impairment and increase of acetylcholinesterase activity induced by intracerebroventricular injection of mice with 16 nmol $A{\beta}$ (25-35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with SSB (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 8 days). From these results, it is suggested that antidementia effect of SSB is due to its neuroprotective effect against $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that SSB may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

Objectives : In this study, we determinated protective effects of Vitis labrusca Root herbal-acupuncture solution (VLHA) against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease induced by oxidative damage and cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction. Methods : Antioxidant capacity of VLHA were evaluated by the ${\beta}-carotene/linoleic$ acid emulsion system and FeCl2-ascorbic acid stimulted lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, respectively. Scavenging effects of VLHA on ONOO- and NO were measured by DHR 123, DAF-2 assay. Furthermore, we measured inhibitory activity of VLHA on CYP 2E1 in rat liver microsome using by Aniline assay. Results : VLHA exhibited potent inhibition rate(74%) on FeCl2-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation, and revealed a strong scavenging effects on ONOO- and NO. In addition, VLHA showed inhibitory effect on CYP 2E1. Conclusions : The present study concludes that our results suggest that VLHA could be used as a good source in the prevention of atherosclerosis and alcoholic liver injury.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.225-241
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• 2009

We investigated the transcriptional profiles of Japanese indigenous grape cultivar 'Koshu' (Vitis vinifera) leaf and berry skin during ripening. In leaf, 64 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$ (14 weeks post-flowering), whereas the expression of 61 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening (20 weeks post-flowering). In berry skin, 67 genes were abundantly transcribed at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$, whereas the expression of 86 genes was upregulated at the end of ripening. Gene expression associated with biological processes was activated in both tissues at the end of ripening. The expression of genes associated with photosynthesis, sugar synthesis, anthocyanin synthesis, cinnamic acid synthesis, and amino acid metabolism was observed in leaf and berry skin during ripening, together with the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, cinnamic acids, and amino acids. Transcripts of AUX/IAA family proteins that repress the activities of auxin-induced proteins were expressed in berry skin at the end of $v{\acute{e}}raison$. Transcripts of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system that degrades AUX/IAA family proteins were abundantly expressed in berry skin at the end of ripening, suggesting that the expansion of skin cells at $v{\acute{e}}raison$ is suppressed by AUX/IAA family proteins, and that the ubiquitin-proteasome system induces the expansion of skin cells during ripening by degrading AUX/IAA family proteins. These transcriptional profiles, which provide new information on the characteristics of 'Koshu' grapevine during ripening, may explain the unique characteristics of 'Koshu' grape in comparison with those of European grapes used for winemaking, and may contribute to the improvement of 'Koshu' grape quality.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.537-548
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of 9 kinds of medicinal plants against crown gall in grapevine. The medicinal plants extracted with several solvent systems were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from magic lily flowers, tachys roots, asian plantain flowers and seeds, sweet wormwood leaves, stems and flowers, immature bitter melon fruits, cockscomb flowers, and peach tree resin showed in vitro antimicrobial activities against Rhizobium vitis with growth inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 27 mm in diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of extracts against R.vitis ranged from 10,000 in Asian plantain flower and 50,000 fold diluted extracts in sweet wormwood flowers, stems, leaves, cockscomb leaves and immature bitter melon fruits. The active fractions of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the medicinal plants were partially separated through silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The active fractions were separated at Rf 0.36, 0.69, 0.75, 0.84, and 0.94 in sweet wormwood extracts, Rf 0.96 and 0.99 in cockscomb flower extracts, Rf 0.92 and 0.97 in cockscomb leaf extracts, and Rf 0.85 in immature bitter melon fruit extracts in TLC analysis developed with hexane:ethyl acetate (20:80, v/v) and methanol:chloroform (20:80, v/v). Among extracts from plants with in vitro antimicrobial activities, sweet wormwood, cockscomb leaves, and immature bitter melon fruits showed in vivo antimicrobial activities with inhibition activity of 100, 67, and 83.3%, respectively, in 'Kyoho' grapevine inoculated with R. vitis compared with the untreated control. These findings indicate that extracts of medicinal plants could be used as sustainable candidates to control crown gall disease caused by R. vitis in grapevines.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

This study was carried out to know pathogenicity of the pathogen isolated in several location of Korea and penetration mechanism of the Pseudocercospora vitis ($(L\acute{e}v)$.) Speg. Inoculation tests at room temperature were performed on both sides of leaves with different isolates of the fungus. The typical symptoms appeared on the abaxial leaf surface, but no symptom was observed on the adaxial leaf surface with all isolates. The average incubation period was nine days, since all symptoms appeared from 8 to 10 days after inoculation. In order to know the mechanism of invasion of P. vitis to grapevine, the behavior of penetration hyphae through stomata were compared in two cultivars having different level of resistance. In order to know the mechanism of resistance of grape vine to P.vitis, two cultivars having different level of resistance were compared by counting the numbers and measuring size of the stomata per leaf. In a susceptible cultivar Campbell Early, the number of stomata was more than that of a resistance cultivar 'Kyoho'. In a susceptible cultivar 'Campbell Early', the fungus entered readily into stomata after inoculation. However, in a resistant cultivar 'Kyoho', the fungus seemed to pass over or surrounded only the guard cells. In comparison of height of guard cells of stomata between the two cultivars, significant differences were observed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The height of guard cells of 'Campbell Early' showed a little higher than those of 'Kyoho' known to be resistant to the fungus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

Bioactive substances, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of seed extracts were evaluated to discover new functional materials, using 13 edible or medicinal plants. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in Taxus cuspidata, with $57.51mg{\cdot}g^{-1}\;and\;7.98mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, respectively. Seed extract of Vitis coignetiae${\times}$Vitis labruscana($RC_{30}=0.030mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) was found to be the most effective in DPPH radical scavenging test, and the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was shown in Diospyros lotus($RC_{30}=0.044mg{\cdot}ml^{-1}$). Inhibitory effects on peroxidation of linoleic acid determined by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method were similar to BHT in Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, Magnolia officinalis, Styrax obassia, Vitis coignetiae, Vitis coignetiae${\times}$Vistis labruscana, Zizyphus jujuba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis. For the inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, Poncirus tritoliata, Prunus serrulata var. spomtanea, Zizyphus jujuba and Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis exhibited inhibitory activity, and especially Diospyros lotus showed the strongest inhibition.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.270-279
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• 2011

This study investigates the antioxidant activities of wild grape seed (Vitis coignetiea seed) extracts by solvents. Organic extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol were obtained from the ethanol extracts of wild grape seed (Vitis coignetiea seed). Total phenolic compound contents of extracts from wild grape seed (Vitis coignetiea seed) by solvents were the highest in ethyl acetate extract, 64.9 mg/100 g. Electron donating abilities of organic solvent fraction obtained from 80% ethanol extracts of wild grape seed were proportionally increased with concentration, and the ethyl acetate extract(90.0%) showed stronger activities than BHT and Ascorbic acid at concentration of $100\;{\mu}L$/mL. Reducing power of organic solvent fraction obtained from 80% ethanol extracts of wild grape seed was the highest in the ethyl acetate extract(2.83) at concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}L$/mL. TBARS of the ethyl acetate extract was highest. Nitrite scavenging ability of organic solvent fraction obtained from 80% ethanol extracts of wild grape seed(pH 1.2, $1,000\;{\mu}L$/mL) was the highest in ethyl acetate extract(76.9%).

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.305.1-305.1
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.166.1-166.1
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.102.3-103
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• 2002