• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1993

To evaluate the protective effects of calcium antagonists, oxygen radical scavengers and excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonist on the ischemic brain damage, we induced in vitro ischemic condition (namely, lack of oxygen and glucose) to rat hippocampal slices. And the degree of ischemic damage was determined by assaying changes in biochemical parameters such as ATP content and lactate ralease, MDA production in the presence or absence of the various drugs. During experimental ischemia for up to 60 min, ATP content was decreased and the amount of lactate release was markedly increased time-dependently. By changing the reaction medium which contained oxygen and glucose those biochemical parameters were recovered. But the recovery was not complete in this experimental condition. In the same ischemic conditions verapamil and vitamine E prevented the decrease of ATP content and the increase of lactate release from the slices. And verapamil and diltiazem decreased MDA release to the reaction medium. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MK-801 (as EAA receptor antagonist) protected the decrease of ATP content and reduced MDA release in 20 min ischemic condition, but glutathione affected ATP content and lactate release at the same condition. When oxygen and glucose were resupplied for 20 min after ischemic condition, verapamil showed the protective effect on the changes of ATP content and lactate release, and vitamine E decreased lactate release (at 20 min ischemia) and MDA release (at 60 min ischemia). These results showed that calcium antagonist and vitamine E protect the ischemic biochemical changes from rat hippocampal slices and calcium antagonist is more potent than vitamine E to protect the ischemical brain damege.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 1969

Total amount of Calories and protein intakes of fishing villagers show higher level than those of farming and mountain villagers, however, the proportion of animal protein (meat protein) in total amount of protein intakes of mountain villagers is much lesser than those of other two villagers. Blood specific gravity, serum protein content and serum tryptophan content were low in inhabitants of mountainous area than those of other two villagers, and in the serum protein fractions, the Albumin Globulin ratio (A/G ratio) show also lower value in inhabitants of mountainous area than those of other two villagers. It is interesting result that serum tryptophan content (serum protein tryptophan) presented a significant positive correlation with that of serum gamma globulin and a significant negative correlation with that of serum albumin. The fact of farming villagers under twenty year old female showing plasma vitamine deficiency phenomenon, however, the plasma carotene value show higher level indicates that the most of the plasma carotene being hardly transfered to the plasma vitamine A in blood. The thiamine value in urine of mountain villagers show higher level than others, it indicates that there is correlation between their poor protein intakes and amount of thiamine ia urine. And the data obtained in the present study could be established by the result of animal experiment reported by Koyanagi et al. and the result of previous paper of auther.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 1973

1. Tomato variety used was Bogsu No. 2 and it was grown in field. Experiments were conducted in 1971 and 1972 to examine the changes of $CO_2$ product on in each growth-period and the contents of acid, sugar and vitamine C during storage. 2. By controlled atmospheric pressure the effects of respirationreduction in tomato fruits were the most effective at 660 Torr. part. 3. $CO_2$ production of tomato fruits harvested at each growth-period was differently changed at each growth-period and $CO_2$ production in tomato fruit at the same maturity from the plant showed Sigmoid type. 4. $CO_2$ production of tomato fruits harvested at the same ripeness score was in influenced by controlled atmospheric pressure during growth period and $CO_2$ production was reduced at SAP part compared with NAP part during the full growth-period. 5. The change of weight in tomato fruits was decreased in NAP part than in SAP part during storage and contents of acid, sugar, and vitamine C showed the same tendency.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Vitamin A palmitate, an oily drug which has low chemical stability and is poorly absorbed in the intestine, was formulated into a novel powdered dosage form. This is designated as a redispersible dry emulsion by freeze-drying technique. Before preparing a dry emulsion, vitamin A palmitate oil in solid in water (O/S/W) emulsion with soybean oil and coconut oil using Aerosil 200 as an emulsion stabilizer and polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-blockcopolymer (Pluronic F68) as a surfactant was prepared. The resultants of the stability tests indicated that vitamin A palmitate O/S/W emulsion was improved on increasing the oil content of the formulation. The resultant dry emulsion particles have a good stabilities and free flow properties and readily released the oily droplets to form stable emulsions on rehydration. The drug releasing property from the resultant dry emulsion particles was dependent on factors such as amount of oily carrier(soybean oil) and surfactant(Pluronic F68) formulated. Above 80% of vitamin A palmitate content was released from the dry emulsion for 1 hour. It was deduced that vitamin A palmitate dry emulsion was definitely suitable for oral administration, since small droplets of vitamine A palmitate from the dry emulsion may alter the drug absorption profile resulting in bioavailability enhancement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.245-247
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• 2003

A spayed female English sheepdog, 4-year-old 18.2 kg, wat referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University due to the 4-day duration of epistaxis and dyspnea. Ingestion of anticoagulant rodenticides can inhibit the recycling of vitamin $K_1$, which reduce the activity of circulating clotting factors. If immediate and appropriate treatment doesn't perform, it may result in depression or death through severe hemorrhage. This report present successful treatment of a 4-year-old spayed female dog with stupor and opisthotonos. Efficient treatment of whole blood transfusion and vitamin $K_1$ improved clinical signs dramatically. The patient is recovered following treatment and healthy now.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1998

The search for tumor-avid agents for use in nuclear medicine imaging is an ongoing field of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine the affinity for radio labeled vitamin $B_{12}$ by a wide histologic variety of tumor types in mice. Seventeen different types of tumor were grown subcutaneously in female Balb/C or Balb nu/nu(nude) mice. When the tumors reached about 1 cm in diameter, mice were injected intraperitoneally with $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were sacrificed. Organs and tissues were removed, weighed, and activity per mg determined by gamma counter. Values represented cpm/mg tissue that was normalized to 20 grams body weight for each mouse. A wide variety of tumor types showed significant uptake and concentration of $^{57}Co$-vitamin $B_{12}$, as evidenced by tumor:tissue activity ratios. For many tissues of great importance in terms of background(bone, muscle, blood), the tumor:tissue activity ratios of uptake were high. These data strongly suggest that further efforts to evaluate the utility of radio labeled adducts of vitamin $B_{12}$ for clinical use in oncologic imaging are warranted.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1998

After the consumption of green vegetable juice by Korean increase rapidly, the ${NO_3}^-$ intake through green vegetable juice have been ignored to consider for the calculation of daily ${NO_3}^-$ intake. It is necessary to collect the basic data on the ${NO_3}^-$ content in green vegetable juice by different sorts, harvesting time and mixing rate of vegetable, manufacturers and storage conditions for the next calculation of daily ${NO_3}^-$ intake for Korean. Followings are the research results from monitoring and laboratory experiment related with ${NO_3}^-$ and vitamine C in green vegetable juice. The ${NO_3}^-$ content of angelica plaant(tomorrow's leaf) and kale were higher in spring than those in summer and autumm. The highest value of ${NO_3}^-$ content in tomorrow's leaf and kale were 4.85 and 2.94 times higher compare to the lowest value. The average ${NO_3}^-$ content in the midribs of tomorrow's leaf and kale were 7.5 and 2.1 times higher than those in leafblades. It indicate the green vegetable juice made from leadblade of tomorrow's leaf and kale might be better compare to those from midrib in terms of ${NO_3}^-$ content. The content of ${NO_3}^-$ and vitamine C as affected by the timecourse after juice making were decreased rapidly compare to those by storage temperature in case of carrot, kale and cucumber juice. It show the positive comelation between the content of ${NO_3}^-$ and vitamine C in carrot, kale and cucumber juice regardless of room temperature(${NO_3}^-$) or cold temperature(${NO_3}^-$). The content of ${NO_3}^-$ and vitamine C of green vegetable juice by P company were the highest among the manufactuers. The lower content of ${NO_3}^-$ and vitamine C of green vegecable juice by TW company and GB company compare to P company is due to dilution with water to produce the juice. The content of ${NO_3}^-$ of green vegetable juice which were available in market showed 143ppm in carrot juice, 506ppm in tomorrow's leaf juice, 669ppm in wild water celery juice, 985ppm in kale juice, whereas the content of vitamine C were 43ppm in carrot juice, 289ppm in wild water celery juice, 353ppm in kale juice and 768ppm in tomorrow's leaf juice. It was calculated that people take 253mg by tomorrow's leaf juice, 335mg by wild water celery juice, 483mg by kale juice if they drink 500ml of green vegetable juice perday, and it suggest to excess 1.16, 1.53 and 2.21 times respectively only by green vegetable juice consumption.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.863-873
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• 1997

Electrical stimulation and vitamin $AD_3E$ administration have been shown to enhance the repair of biological tissues such as bone, ligament and tendon, The objective of this study were (a) to investgate the therapeutic effects of different levels of electrical stimulation and vitamin $AD_3E$ administration on fracture healing in a rat model and (b) to identify the most effective voltage level. Ninety Sprague-dawley rats were divided into electrical stimulation group and vitamin $AD_3E$ administration group. Electricla stimulation group was divided into four groups on the basis of the level of current delivered. The experimental groups received current (which varied by group), while the controls, with identical electrodes, received no current. In vitamin $AD_3E$ administration group, experimental group was injected 2,500 IU of vitamin A, 1,250 IU of vitamine $D_3$, 1mg of vitamine E intramuscularly. And in control group 0.1ml of saline was injected intramuscularly. After time periods (7-day, 14-day, 21-day for stimulation all rats were tested with combination of biochemical, roentgenologic and histomorphological methods. The results obtained were as follows ; In electrical stimulation groups, serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus level of experimental and control groups showed non specific change within normal physiological ranges. In vitamin $AD_3E$ administration group, serum calcium level of experimental and control groups showed non specific changes within normal physiological ranges, while experimental group showed slightly higher serum inorganic phosphorus level. According to roentgenologic and histomorphological examination, 2V 25Hz electrical stimulation group and vitamine $AD_3E$ administration group showed statistically significant improvements in bone density and ossification reaction until day 14. The terapeutic effect of stimulation on fracture healing was similiar to that of vitamin $AD_3E$ administration. In this study stimulation of 2V 25Hz was the most effective level of electrical stimulation for the healing of fracture of rats.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2008

To evaluate growth chracteristics, vitamin C content and antioxidative activity of Sedum sarmentosum, 13 local strains were cultivated in the field. Keumsan, Bucheon, and Pocheon strains had narrow and oblong leaf, long hight, and slender stem compared to the other strains. Wanju and Gunsan strains were not formed flower stalks, and did not flower during the flowering time. Vitamin C contents were ranged from 407.8 to $434.4\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, and it was high in Gwangyang, Buan, Wanju, and Gunsan strains. But vita min C contents didn't show a significant difference among strains. In antioxidative activity between fresh and freeze dried shoots, electron donating abilities (EDA) were ranged from 45.0 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of fresh shoot, and from 61.3 to 66.5% in MeOH extract of freeze dried shoot. Gwangyang, Suncheon, Wando strains showed high EDA compared to the others. Vitamine C content and antioxidant activity were highest in Gwangyang strain.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluated the antioxidative constituents and their activities of the 80% methanolic extracts from fruit of Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila MAX. The isolation of active compound was performed in three steps: solvent partition, open column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The solvent fractions were tested for their antioxidant activities by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The antioxidant activity of 80% methanolic extracts by various solvent partitions was in the order of 80% MeOH (1.68 ${\pm}$ 0.027), n-hexane (1.02 ${\pm}$ 0.036), $CH_2Cl_2$ (0.95 ${\pm}$ 0.025), EtOAc (1.98 ${\pm}$ 0.065), n-BuOH (1.94 ${\pm}$ 0.054) and Water (1.28 ${\pm}$ 0.032). Therefore, the results indicated that the potential antioxidant activities and functional values were observed significantly at EtOAc fraction from fruit of S. sorbifolia, flavonoid compound isolated.