• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 2006

Japanese Quails were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (dl-a-tocopheryl-acetate), lycopene, and their combination on egg production, egg quality, concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E, A and cholesterol in serum and egg yolk. Quails (n = 120; 55 d old) were divided into four groups (n = 30/group) and fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with lycopene (100 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg dl-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl-acetate/kg diet) or a combination of lycopene and vitamin E (100 mg/kg lycopene plus 250 mg dl-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl-acetate/kg diet). Vitamin E and lycopene did not affect (p>0.05) body weight, feed intake or egg weight. Egg production and Haugh unit were greater (p<0.05) in each supplemental group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Serum and liver MDA levels were decreased in supplemented groups compared with the control group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental lycopene and vitamin E increased serum and egg yolk vitamin E and A but decreased cholesterol concentrations (p<0.05). In general, when a significant effect was found for a parameter, the magnitude of the responses to vitamin and lycopene supplements was greatest with the combination of the lycopene and vitamin E, rather than that observed with each supplement separately. Results of the present study indicate that supplementing with a combination of dietary lycopene and vitamin E reduced serum and yolk cholesterol concentrations and improved antioxidant status.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 1979

The survey on food intake in Masan and Ulsan city in Gyeong -Sang nam -Do was done by college students of nutrition major under the direction of nutrition professors on August 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1976. The number of subjects were 260 family members from 54 households. The results are as follow : 1. Daily caloric intake for adults was 1670 kal which was 61.8% of R.D.A.2. The intake of protein appears to be adequate (80g per adult per day ) but fat intake was about 23g which was 5.8% of total calory intake. 3. The level of calcium and iron intake was close to that of R.D.A. However the level of vitamin A & vitamin $B_{2}$ was below R.D.A.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2016

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. The VDR binds to active vitamin $D_3$ metabolites, which stimulates downstream transduction signaling involved in various physiological activities such as calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization, and cell differentiation. Quercetin is a widely distributed flavonoid in nature that is known to enhance transactivation of VDR target genes. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying VDR activation by quercetin is not well understood. We first demonstrated the interaction between quercetin and the VDR at the molecular level by using fluorescence quenching and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. The dissociation constant ($K_d$) of quercetin and the VDR was $21.15{\pm}4.31{\mu}M$, and the mapping of quercetin subsites for VDR binding was performed using STD-NMR. The binding mode of quercetin was investigated by a docking study combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Quercetin might serve as a scaffold for the development of VDR modulators with selective biological activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1262-1268
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• 2012

The present investigation was designed to determine whether supplementation of different level of vitamin E for 12 months to arsenic exposed goats (50 ppm as sodium arsenite) affords protection against the blood hemato-biochemical parameters caused by the metalloid. A total of 24 crossbred (Alpine${\times}$Beetal) lactating goats were assigned randomly into 4 equal groups (control, $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$) of 6 in each, on the basis of average body weight ($36.10{\pm}0.11$ kg) and milk yield ($1.61{\pm}0.04$ kg/d). The animals in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were given 50 ppm arsenic, while in $T_2$ and $T_3$, additionally; vitamin E at the rate of 100 IU and 150 IU/kg dry matter (DM) respectively was additionally supplemented for the period of 12 months. Hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte (TLC) and blood lymphocyte % were decreased (p<0.05) in arsenic fed groups and vitamin E supplementation in the experimental group showed a protective potential. Significant increases (p<0.05) in aspertate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities among arsenic supplemented groups were recorded, however vitamin E supplementation at higher doses showed a protective effect (p<0.05) against AST but in the case of ALT no ameliorating effect was found in either of the doses. Plasma total protein was decreased (p>0.05) but creatinine level was periodically increased in all As supplemented groups and vitamin E supplementation did not produce any protective effect. It can be concluded that arsenic exposure resulted in varying degree of changes in hemato-biochemical parameters and activities of antioxidant enzymes in goats but concomitant treatment with Vitamin E is partially helpful in reducing the burden of arsenic induced effect.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2021

Purpose: The rising prevalence of childhood obesity in the past decades has caused non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to become the most common cause of pediatric chronic liver disease worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the effect of vitamin D (Vit D) on ultrasonography and laboratory indices of NAFLD and some blood biochemical indicators in children. Methods: In this interventional study liver ultrasonography was performed in 200 children with overweight and obesity. A 108 had fatty liver among which 101 were randomly divided into two groups of study (n=51) and control (n=50). The study group was treated with Vit D, 50000 U once a week whereas the control group received placebo with the same dose and package, both for 12 weeks. At the end of the intervention lab tests and ultrasound study was performed once again to evaluate the response to treatment. Results: It was found out that Vit D supplementation improved the fatty liver grade in the study group. The mean changes in hemoglobin (Hb), uric acid, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, albumin and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher in the study group compared to controls (p<0.05). After the intervention and means adjustment, a significant difference was obtained in HDL-C, insulin, LDL-C and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the two groups. Conclusion: Vit D supplementation in addition to improving the fatty liver grade in ultrasonography and increasing the blood Vit D level, increases the HDL and Hb level besides decreasing uric acid, LDL, HOMA-IR, insulin and ALT levels.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.809-819
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the effects of caffeine or combinations of caffeine and iron or vitamin E on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK(Mardin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells. For the In vitro test, MDBK cells in ${\alpha}$-MEM(Minimum Essential Medium) were divided into 4 treatment groups according to drug types and dosages as follows; the control(group A), group B was treated with 0.3mM caffeine, group C was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM ferric chloride, group D was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM vitamin E. Those groups were further divided into 5 subgroups according to the time lapsed(control, 4hrs, 8hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs lapsed group). The concentrations of the carbonyl group and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the patterns of the SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and fatty acid compositions were analyzed to determine the oxidative damages and metabolic changes on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK cells. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. The concentrations of carbonyl group and malondialdehyde in MDBK cells of group C were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control, and increased according to the time lapsed. But the results of groups B and D were little different in comparison to the group C. 2. As the analytical results of fatty acid compositions in MDBK cells, the proportions of palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid in groups B, C and D were lower in comparison to the control, while the proportion of arachidonic acid in groups B, C and D were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control. 3. In order to determine the oxidative damages to the protein in MDBK cells, the patterns of the SDS-PAGE were examined and the patterns of SDS-PAGE in groups C and D were significantly different between 43kd and 200kd of molecular weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level, total antioxidant level and reproductive performance in Murrah buffaloes was studied during periparturient period. Twenty-four advance pregnant buffaloes were randomly divided into four equal groups as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and were supplemented with 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (Merck) from 60 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum and 0, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU from 30 to 60 days postpartum, respectively. Blood samples were collected at -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of parturition and were analyzed for plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The intake of DM, CP and TDN did not vary among different groups. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and TAA around parturition (-7 to 15 day) in $T_3$ and $T_4$ were significantly higher than the control group. There was 17% reduction in retention of fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis in $T_4$ than control. The post partum estrus interval averaged 58.00, 55.33, 51.83 and 43.00 days in $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ respectively. There was significant reduction in days open in both $T_3$ and $T_4$ in comparison to $T_1$ group (127,130 Vs.146). All the vitamin E supplemented groups showed reduction in days open than their previous lactation performance. Supplementation of vitamin E at $1,500IU\;d^{-1}$ from 60 day prepartum to 30 day post partum to buffaloes exhibited beneficial effect on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level and TAA around parturition and continuation of its supplementation at $1,000IU\;d^{-1}$ from 30 to 60 days of lactation improved post partum reproductive performance of buffaloes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.386-393
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• 1988

Chemical transformation of D-glucose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid and L-ascorbic acid has been examined. D-Sorbitol obtained from D-glucose was microbiologically oxidized to L-sorbose by G. suboxydans in 90% yield. On treatment of L-sorbose with acetone in the presence of sulfuric acid, its diacetonide is obtained in 95% yield. This diacetonide is oxidized to the corresponding acid with nickel chloride-hypochlorite, and the acid is directly transformed to L-ascorbic acid. The over all yield of Vitamin C from D-glucose achieved is 54%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ca and/or vitamin D supplementation for 53 weeks on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. The subjects were healthy 18 women aged from 59 to 69 years old. They were divided into three groups : placebo, Ca(1000mg/day) supplementation and Ca(1000mg/day) with vitamin D(12.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/day) supplementation. During the experimental periods except for metabolic studies, the subjects ate their usual diets and the use of drugs as well as excessive exercise was prohibited. Metabolic studies were conducted in the 1st week and in the 53rd week of the experimental periods. The subjects ate experimental diets which consisted of 1787.3kcal, 69.6g of protein, 561.5mg of Ca and 1078.6mg of P daily during both of the metabolic study periods. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Bone density of the second lumbar spine and trochanter measured after treatment decreased significantly in control group as compared with pre-experimental level(p<0.05). On the contrary, bone density of femoral neck and Ward's triangle in Ca group and the second lumbar spine in Ca.Vit D group increased significantly after treatment. 2) Serum PTH and calcitonin levels did not show any significant differences among groups before and after treatment. But serum PTH level increased significantly in all groups after treatment(P<0.05). 3) Serum Ca and P levels did not show any significant differences among groups before and after treatment. But serum Ca level increased significantly in all groups after treatment (P<0.05) and serum P level decreased significantly in Ca.Vit D group after treatment(P<0.05). 4) Mean 24-hours fecal Ca excretion of Ca group was the highest in the 1st week of treatment(P<0.01), and that of control group was the lowest in the 53rd week of treatment(P<0.01). Fecal Ca excretion increased significantly in control and Ca.Vit D group in the 53rd week of treatment(P<0.05). Urinary Ca excretion did not show any significant differences among groups in the 1st and 53rd week of treatment, but that of Ca.Vit D group was the highest the 1st week of treatment(P<0.01). In the 53rd week of treatment Ca and Ca.Vit D group showed positive Ca balance, but control group showed negative Ca balance. The above results showed that it will be difficult to prevent degenerative bone loss without Ca and/or vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women eating Korean usual diets.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of excess vitamin E supple-mentation (0.5%) and cholesterol (0.5%) on levels of serum and liver vitamin E and cholesterol in two categories of rats, group A and group B. Rats in group A(45-65g) were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks ( I-C, II-E, III-Ch, IV-ECh). On the other hand rats in group B(45g-65g) were first fed control diet for 3 weeks and then fed experimental diets when they were 100-l20g for the subsequent 3 weeks ( I'-C, II'-E, III'-Ch, & IV'-ECh). The levels of serum vitamin E were higher in vitamin supplemented groups as expected. Dietary cholesterol showed a tendency to lower serum vitamin E levels of vitamin E supplemented groups. Serum cholesterol levels tended to stay in a narrow range showing resistancy to dietary cholesterol and were not affected by vitamin E status. Whereas vitamin E supplementation seemed to lower the levels of hepatic cholesterol in both groups A & B( I-C, I'-C vs II-E, II'-E ), simultaneous supplementation of vitamin E with 0.5% cholesterol appeared to increase further the hepatic cholesterol levels which were already increased by cholesterol feeding ( IV-ECh, IV'-ECh, vs III- Ch, III'-Ch). Hepatic vitamin A levels decreased as rats grew older during the experimental period. Even though vitamin A levels did not differ from each other significantly, excess amount of vitamin E supplementation in group B seemed to show a tendency to decrease the vitamin A storage in liver.