• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Crohn disease (CD). The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and evaluate the association between vitamin D status and growth outcome in Korean pediatric CD patients. Methods: In this retrospective study, 17 children younger than 18 years old diagnosed with CD were enrolled and their serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) was checked between 2011 and 2015. We categorized the patients into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 included patients with serum 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/mL, and Group 2 was for patients with a 25(OH)D serum levels between 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL. The z-scores for height (Htz), weight (Wtz), and body mass index (BMIz) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D levels of the total 65 CD patients and 17 enrolled patients were $15.64{\pm}6.9ng/mL$ and $13.1{\pm}5.1ng/mL$, respectively. There was no correlation at the beginning of the study between vitamin D level and growth parameters (Htz, Wtz, BMIz) or other variables including laboratory data and Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index. The Htz, Wtz, and BMIz in Group 1 showed no significant improvement at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. In Group 2, Wtz and BMIz showed significant improvements sustained until 12 months of follow-up. Htz showed no significant improvement at 6 months but there was significant improvement at 12 months. Conclusion: It seems that baseline vitamin D status affects growth outcome in pediatric CD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1179-1189
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• 2006

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of supplemental vitamin D on laying performance, metabolic profile and egg quality of hens fed diets containing different fat sources and levels. Lohman strains (n = 480) were assigned to one of 10 diets: basal diet (BD), BD plus 2.5 and 5.0% sunflower oil (SO) or tallow (T) at vitamin D provided $1{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ of the current recommendation. The experiment lasted from week 30 to 44 of age. Each diet was tested in 12 replicate cages of 4 hens. Production, metabolism, and egg quality data were subjected to three-way ANOVA. Both fats decreased feed intake (FI) as compared to BD. Increasing SO and T levels linearly decreased and quadratically increased FI, respectively. The dietary factors did not affect egg production (EP) and egg weight. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased EP when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. However, increasing T level improved FCE, whereas increasing SO level worsened FCR. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D and glucose concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation also caused a decrease and an increase in serum vitamin D concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. Serum glucose concentration for hens fed SO was lower than hens fed T. Increasing fat level linearly increased serum triglyceride and VLDL concentrations, regardless of the fat type. Increasing SO level linearly decreased serum cholesterol concentration. Vitamin D supplementation did not alter lipid metabolites. The dietary factors did not affect serum total protein, Ca, and P concentrations. As compared with BD, feeding SO decreased dry tibia and ash weights more than feeding T. Vitamin D supplementation tended to increase dry tibia weight and decrease tibia ash weight. Eggshell strength and thickness, yolk and albumen indexes, and Haugh unit were not responsive to the dietary factors. Eggshell strength quadratically increased with increasing T level. Yolk color for hens fed SO was lower than for hens fed T. The dietary factors did not affect most of yolk fatty acids. Increasing SO level quadratically decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration. Vitamin D supplementation increased and decreased yolk $C_{18:2}$ concentration when diets contained SO and T, respectively. In conclusion, increasing fat level improved laying performance without altering metabolic profile and egg quality. Vitamin D supplementation had minor alteration effects on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in response to fat feeding.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2020

Purpose: This study used raw data from the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to assess the relationship between vitamin D level and glycemic control of diabetes, and to provide basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea. Methods: For this study, data of 1,713 diabetes from KNHANES (2010-2012) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program, and complex sample frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, complex sample cross analysis, complex sample general linear regression, and complex sample logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: It was found that the poor glycemic control group among the diabetes subjects had significantly lower level of blood vitamin D than the good glycemic control group. Factors affecting glycemic control included drinking, vitamin D levels, hypertriglyceridemia, duration of diabetes, and treatment of diabetes. Also, diabetics with vitamin D deficiency or shortage showed 3.55- and 2.61-times higher odds ratios, respectively, to be diagnosed as the poor glycemic control group than diabetics without vitamin D deficiency or shortage. Conclusion: This study is significant because it provides rationale and basic data about the use of vitamin D for preparation of a treatment plan for diabetes in South Korea by assessing the dependence of glycemic control on the vitamin D level of diabetics. Additionally, future studies are necessary to determine the appropriate concentration of vitamin D for diabetes prevention and treatment to prevent the side effects of excessive supplementation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is common in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to identify whether or not sun exposure and dietary vitamin D intake have effects on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The objective was to identify the main determinants of serum vitamin D status in the study subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 47 HD patients (19 males and 28 females) was performed. We assessed serum 25(OH)D and $1,25(OH)_2D$ levels between August and September 2012 and analyzed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in HD patients. To evaluate the determinants of serum 25(OH)D levels, we surveyed dietary vitamin D intake, degree of sun exposure, and outdoor activities. To compare biological variables, serum 25(OH)D was stratified as below 15 ng/ml or above 15 ng/ml. RESULTS: Mean 25(OH)D and $1,25(OH)_2D$ levels were $13.5{\pm}5.8ng/ml$ and $20.6{\pm}11.8pg/ml$, respectively. The proportions of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (< 15 ng/ml), insufficiency (15-< 30 ng/ml), and sufficiency (${\geq}30ng/ml$) in subjects were 72.4%, 23.4%, and 4.3%, respectively. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in female patients was 78.6%, whereas that in males was 63.2% (P = 0.046). Vitamin D intake and sun exposure time were not significantly different between the two stratified serum 25(OH)D levels. Dietary intake of vitamin D did not contribute to increased serum 25(OH)D levels in HD patients. The main effective factors affecting serum 25(OH)D status were found to be the sun exposure and active outdoor exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D is common in HD patients and is higher in females than in males. Sun exposure is the most important determinant of serum 25(OH)D status in HD patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic indices and hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in GDM patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Seventy-six pregnant women with GDM and gestational age between 24-28 weeks were assigned to receive four oral treatments consisting of 50,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ (n = 38) or placebo (n = 38) once every 2 weeks for 2 months. Fasting blood glucose (FG), insulin, HbA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured before and after treatment. Independent and paired t-tests were used to determine intra- and intergroup differences, respectively. ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, in the vitamin D group, the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased (19.15 vs. -0.40 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and that of FG (-4.72 vs. 5.27 mg/dl; P = 0.01) as well as HbA1c (-0.18% vs. 0.17%; P = 0.02) decreased. Improvements in the lipid profiles were observed in the vitamin D group, but without statistical significance. Significant increases in concentrations of hs-CRP, FG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were observed in the placebo group. No significant change in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: In GDM patients, vitamin D supplementation improved FG and HbA1c but had no significant effects on lipid profile or hs-CRP.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

최근 들어 모유 단독 수유의 장기화 및 잘못된 식이 제한 등으로 인한 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병의 발병이 점차 증가하고 있는 시점에서, 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병 및 이와 동반된 저칼슘혈증성 경련에 대한 예는 다소 보고된 바 있으나, 비타민 D 결핍으로 인해 골 병변 뿐 아니라 저칼슘 혈증, 부갑상선 기능 항진증, 나아가 신세뇨관성 산증까지 초래한 예는 보고된 바가 없었다. 저자들은 8개월간 모유 단독 수유만 유지하던 중 저칼슘혈증성 경련을 주소로 내원하여 골 병변을 동반한 비타민 D 결핍성 구루병과 부갑상선 항진 및 근위 세뇨관성 산증을 진단 받은 후, 적절한 칼슘, 비타민 D, 중탄산염 투여 후 완전히 회복된 환자의 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2018

Purpose: Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. It is associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular, immune, allergic and infectious disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in clinical manifestations according to the concentration of vitamin D in mild bronchiolitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients with mild bronchiolitis from November 2016 to April 2017 in Daegu Fatima Hospital. Mild bronchiolitis was classified by the modified Tal's score method. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 20 ng/mL. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory data from the 2 groups. Results: Of the 64 patients, 19 were included in the deficiency group and 45 in the normal group. Vitamin D levels were $11.7{\pm}4.9ng/mL$ in the deficiency group and $28.8{\pm}5.0ng/mL$ in the normal group. There were no differences in clinical features between both groups. However, the vitamin D deficiency group had significantly longer hospitalization than the normal group ($6.78{\pm}2.74$ days vs. $5.3{\pm}1.7$ days, P=0.045). In the deficiency group, the incidence of previous respiratory diseases was significantly higher (P=0.001). No significant difference in blood and respiratory virus tests was observed. Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels in mild bronchiolitis were associated with longer hospitalization and prior respiratory disease. Vitamin D may affect the course of mild bronchiolitis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1145-1151
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-$D_3$) to cholecalciferol (vitamin $D_3$) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin $D_3$ was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and $20.0{\mu}g/kg$, and 25-OH-$D_3$ was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and $10.0{\mu}g/kg$. The RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ was determined using vitamin $D_3$ as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin $D_3$ and 25-OH-$D_3$ intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin $D_3$ or 25-OH-$D_3$ and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-$D_3$ to vitamin $D_3$ ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-$D_3$ is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin $D_3$ in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the sources of vitamin D (duration of exposure to sunlight, intake of major food sources for vitamin D or vitamin D supplements) on the serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ levels, and the physical growth of a child. Methods: Subjects were 296 children aged 1 to 5 years who visited S hospital located in Changwon City. Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method, and the biochemical data were collected using hospital records. Results: The study subjects were divided into three groups according to their levels of serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ (deficient, relatively insufficient, sufficient) and their percentage were 48.3%, 44.3% and 7.4% respectively. The average concentration of serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ was $20.41{\pm}6.55ng/mL$, which was relatively insufficient. The average duration of exposure to sunlight was $58.86{\pm}49.18minutes/day$. A total score of vitamin D major food sources was 46.71 points (full marks 153), and the most frequently consumed food items were milk, eggs, and cheese. Thirty-four percent of the subjects took vitamin D supplements and their dose were $11.96{\mu}g/day$. Three vitamin D sources in sufficient group were higher than deficient or relatively insufficient group significantly. Intake of vitamin D supplements showed positive relation (+) and high explanation power ($R^2=0.288$) on serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ concentration, but intake of vitamin D major food sources (+) and the duration of exposure to sunlight (+) had a low explanation power ($R^2=0.068$). The relations between serum 25-(OH) $D_3$ concentration and physical growth (height and weight) were shown as negative (-), and their explanation powers were low as 7.3% and 5.9% respectively. Conclusions: This study results can be useful when discussing the intake standard of vitamin D and the effective intake method for children. In addition, it will be helpful to build the children's nutrition policy and to plan the nutrition education program to improve the vitamin D status in children.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

In the light of the increasing concern over the prevalence of osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, we performed this study to review the correlation between the dietary calcium and vitamin D intake and these diseases. To this end, we investigated the effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D on these diseases. We observed that the intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D had a negative correlation with the incidences of osteoporosis, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Further, the intake of these two nutrients is expected to improve related mechanisms such as the renin-angiotensin system. Therefore, we suggest that dietary calcium and vitamin D have a beneficial effect on these diseases.