• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

레틴알(RA)은 레티놀과 레티노익애씨드의 중간체로 비타민A 유도체이며 주름개선 효과가 우수하다. 본 연구에서는 drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome (DCL)을 이용하여 레틴알의 안정성을 높였다. 레틴알과 hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) 복합체를 동결건조 방식으로 제조하였고, UV-Vis 분광법, FT-IR 및 SEM 이미지로 레틴알의 포접 여부를 확인하였다. 레틴알과 HP-β-CD의 비율이 1 : 15 (w/w)일 때 약 95.6% 포집되었다. 레틴알-HP-β-CD 복합체는 호모믹서 및 마이크로플루다이저로 리포좀에 담지시켰으며, 평균 입자 크기는 215.3 ± 4.2 nm, 제타포텐셜 -33.2 ± 1.5 mv로 나타났다. 레틴알의 분해 안정도 평가에서, 물에서 레틴알-HP-β-CD-리포좀의 레틴알 감소율은 1.8%로 레틴알-리포좀(5.8%), 레틴알-HP-β-CD복합체(9.7%), 레틴알 단독(37.6%)보다 높게 나타났다. 레틴알-HP-β-CD-리포좀이 함유된 크림(0.05% RA 함유)을 제조하여, 미간, 이마, 목, 눈가, 입가, 팔자 주름개선 효능 및 피부 치밀도를 2 ~ 4 주간 평가하였다. 그 결과 레틴알크림은 피부 자극 없이 유의한 주름 개선 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로, DCL시스템을 이용한 이중 안정화 기술은 레틴알의 안정화를 높여 피부 주름 개선 효과에 기여함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2022

리보플라빈 (비타민 B₂)은 한국인에게 섭취 부족의 우려가 있는 비타민으로서 에너지 대사를 포함한 산화/환원 반응의 조효소로서 작용한다. 적절한 섭취수준을 평가하는 방법으로는 적혈구에서의 리보플라빈 농도나 EGRAC, 혹은 소변의 리보플라빈 농도를 측정하는 것이다. 적혈구 리보플라빈 수준은 400 nmol/L (15 ㎍/100 mL) 이상을 적정수준, 270 nmol/L (10 ㎍/100 mL) 이하를 결핍으로 하거나 EGRAC 값이 1.2 이하인 경우 적정수준, 1.4이상이면 결핍으로 판정한다. 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 개정 시 19-64세 성인의 2020 리보플라빈 평균필요량은 남자 1.3 mg/d, 여자 1.0 mg/d로 설정되었으며, 64-74세 남자 1.2 mg/d, 여자 0.9 mg/d, 75세 이상 남자 1.1 mg/d, 여자 0.8 mg/d로 성인 보다 낮게 설정되었다. 2020 국민건강영양조사 결과 19세 이상 우리나라 성인의 리보플라빈 평균 섭취량은 1.69 mg/d이며, 권장섭취량 대비 124.9% 였고, 보충제 섭취자들의 보충제로부터의 리보플라빈 섭취량은 평균 10.26 mg/d로 식품으로부터 섭취하는 1.50 mg에 비해 약 6.8배 높은 수준이었다 [18]. 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준에서 연령별, 성별 리보플라빈 권장섭취량은 각 생애주기 구간별 평균필요량에 변이계수 10%를 적용하여 평균필요량의 120% 수준으로 설정되었다 리보플라빈의 대표적 식품 급원으로는 유제품, 난류, 육류, 가금류와 생선류의 동물성 식품과 두류, 녹색채소류, 곡류 등이 있으며 2020 국민건강영양조사에 따르면 한국인의 리보플라빈 급원 식품으로 기여도가 높은 식품은 달걀, 라면, 돼지고기, 우유, 간장, 쇠고기, 배추김치, 닭고기, 고추가루, 시리얼 순이다. 최근 리보플라빈의 경우 비타민 보충제 외에도 다양한 건강기능성 식품섭취로 인해 보충제를 섭취하는 사람들의 경우 보충제로부터의 섭취수준이 식품으로부터의 섭취량을 훨씬 초과하고 있어 리보플라빈 영양상태 평가 시 보충제로부터 섭취하는 수준에 대한 평가가 향후 반드시 필요하다. 또한 2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준 개정에서는 만성 질환 예방에 대한 부분은 아직 과학적 증거의 불충분으로 고려되지 않았으나 향후 만성질환과 관련된 역학연구 및 중재연구가 더 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutritional education and physical exercise program on obese children (47 boys and 36 girls). The nutritional education and physical exercise program was provided for 6 weeks and dietary habits, nutrient intake and hematological profiles were measured before and after the program. The BMI (body mass index, $kg/m^2$) in male children was significantly reduced to $24.58{\pm}2.81$ from $25.89{\pm}3.27$ (p<0.01) and it was significantly reduced to $24.29{\pm}3.51$ from $25.21{\pm}3.59$ in female children after the completion of nutritional education and exercise program. Body fat in male children was remarkably reduced to $32.69{\pm}7.74%$ after education from $37.38{\pm}9.21%$ (p<0.001). After the program total cholesterol concentration in male children was reduced to $176.48{\pm}29.10\;mg/dL$ from $196.03{\pm}29.10\;mg/dL$, whereas there was no significant difference in females before and after the nutritional education and exercise program. The grasping power of male children (p<0.05) and backmuscle strength of male (p<0.05) and female children (p<0.001) were significantly increased after the exercise program. The nutrient intakes that were different before and after the nutrition education were calories (p<0.05) and carbohydrate (p<0.05) in male children, and a significant increase in intake of vitamin A (p<0.05) was found in female children. There was a significant difference in meal time regularity before and after program. The findings of this study showed that there was a significant decrease in both body fat and weight, in addition to normalization of hematological profiles after the completion of nutrition education and physical exercise programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.260-264
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• 1997

This study was conducted with adult cockerels to determine whether dietary RNA affects feed intake and renal weight and function, and if the responses are similar to dietary adenine. Chickens were ad libitum fed a RNA diet (100 g/kg) or an adenine diet (9.1 g/kg) for 14 d and catheterized in right jugular vein, hepatic portal vein and both urethers, and saline together with para-amino hippuric acid and sodium thiosulfate was continuously infused into them to evaluate renal functions. Dietary RNA reduced feed intake and body weight, and dietary adenine increased kidney weight expressed as a proportion of body weight (P < 0.05). Feed intake and body weight on the adenine diet and kidney weight on the RNA diet showed similar though non significant tendencies. No calculi were detected in the kidney in chickens fed either the RNA or adenine diets. Plasma inorganic phosphate (IP), Ca and 1,25 $(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$ concentrations were increased by dietary RNA and adenine, although the increases of IP and Ca in adenine-fed chickens were not significant. Uric acid and urea concentrations in the blood plasma were unaffected by dietary RNA or adenine. Both dietary RNA and adenine increased renal blood flow rates 3.5-3.7 fold, renal plasma flow rates 3.4-3.7 fold and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) 2.9-3.0 fold (p < 0.01). Clearance of urea, IP and Ca were also enhanced by dietary RNA, but not by dietary adenine. However, neither RNA nor adenine affected uric acid clearance. Only IP clearance was significantly augmented at the glomerular level by dietary RNA (p < 0.05). Glomerular filtration of uric acid, urea, IP and Ca and reabsorption of urea, IP and Ca at the renal tubule were increased by dietary RNA and adenine (p < 0.05), whereas tubular secretion of uric acid was decreased by both dietary treatments. It is concluded that dietary adenine is effective in changing renal function and P and Ca metabolism in chickens.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1997

모상근의 성장 및 tropane alkaloids의 생성에 미치는 pH, 서당, 비타민의 영향을 구명하기 위하여, 독말풀(Datura stramonium var. tatula Torr.)의 잎에 Agrobacterium tumefaciens $A_4$T를 접종하여 모상근을 유도하였다. 유도된 모상근 중 성장률이 양호한 clone (DTLA9)을 선발하고, 이를 pH, 서당, 비타민을 각각 여러 농도로 처리한 SH(Schenk and Hildebrandt, 1972) 기본배지에 배양하였다. 모상근의 성장에 있어 최적 pH는 6.3이었으며, 최적 서당농도는 3.0%이었다. Tropane alkaloids의 함량에 있어 최적 PH는 6.5이었으며, 최적 서당농도는 2.8%이었다. 한편, 비타민이 제거된 SH기본배지에 ascorbic acid, D-pantothenate, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin. 그리고 thiamine을 각각 농도별로 첨가하여 배양한 경우에, 모상근의 성장에 있어 비타민의 최적 농도는 각각 0.1, 0.003, 0.07, 0.002, 0.025, 0.01 mM이었다. Tropane alkaloids의 함량은 0.1 mM의 ascorbic acid 단독처리구에서 대조구(vitamin-free구) 및 SH기본배지에서의 경우에 비하여 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2018

아스코빅애씨드(비타민 C)는 스킨 케어 조성물에 널리 사용되어 왔다. 아스코빅애씨드는 항산화, 콜라겐 생합성 촉진, 피부미백효과 등 특별한 효과를 나타내며, 안티-에이징 활성성분으로 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 화장료 조성물에서는 아스코빅애씨드의 산화, 갈변, 변취와 같은 불안정한 문제가 있어 높은 함량을 적용하기에는 문제가 많다. 우리는 폴리올을 사용하여 아스코빅애씨드를 녹인 무수제형 조성물로 안정화를 진행했다. 무수제형은 아스코빅애씨드의 산화를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 조성물이다. 하지만, $5^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도 조건일 때 무수제형 내에서 결정화가 일어나는 문제점이 있다. 우리는 수계에 아스코빅애씨드를 안정화하여 결정화 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는, 징크설페이트, 글루타치온, 강황뿌리추출물과 같은 항산화제를 사용하여 아스코빅애씨드를 안정화할 수 있는 최적의 비율을 찾고자 하였다. 조성물은 - $16^{\circ}C$, $5^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and cycle($5-40^{\circ}C$) 인큐베이터를 사용하여 8주에 걸쳐 안정도를 확인하였다. 안정성 분석은 색상, 향, 상 분리, 침강 정도를 검토하였다. 아스코빅애씨드의 안정성은 HPLC 분석을 통하여 확인하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0. Results: Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin $B_1$, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to find differences between physical activity and health-related factors of Korean male adults. Methods: Using the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES V-1), the data of 1,876 Korean males over 30 years old who completed the Health Interview, Health Behavior Surveys and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were analyzed. Analysis of differences in physical activity according to socio-demographic factors, physical health-related factors and psychological health-related factors was tested using the F-test and chi-square test with SPSS 12.0. Results: The high physical activity group was merely 2.5% and the moderate group was 51.4%. In each group, the study showed significant differences in age (p=.017), education status (p=.019), and economic status (p=.032) of socio-demographic factors, in body mass index (p=.003), vitamin D (p=.020) and hypertension status (p=.007) of physical health-related factors, and in recognition of stress (p=.027) of psychological health-related factors. Conclusion: These results revealed that physical activity can play an important role in nursing intervention of physical and psychological health-related factors in male adults.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1576-1580
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• 2007

Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae, ACT) is an remarkable herbal plant that has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we have established a vascular aging model in rats by orally administrating excessive vitamin $D_2$ (500,000 IU/kg/day) for 4 days followed by feeding high cholesterol diet for 16 weeks and then rats were randomly divided into control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, HCD+ACT (30 mg/kg) and HCD+ACT (60 mg/kg) group. ACT (30, 60) significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) content compared with HCD, but no significant differences in the serum lipids. Secondly, we measured the serum levels of Oxidized Low-dencity Lipoprotein (OxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in order to further investigate the anti-vascular aging mechanism of ACT. The results, ACT (30, 60) treatments decreased OxLDL, MDA　content　and increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity compared with HCD treatments. The results suggested that ACT inhibited OxLDL production rather than serum lipids lowering and that ACT could be used as potential anti-atherosclerotic agent in aged cells.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2004

Diesel exhaust particle (<2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, DEP$_{2.5}$) is known to be probarbly carcinogenic (IARC group 2A). DEP$_{2.5}$ contains organic compounds such as polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), heterocyclic compounds, phenols, and nitroarenes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by DEP$_{2.5}$ without any biological activation system. Therefore, an alternative mechanism by which DEP$_{2.5}$ could be carcinogenic is known by the generation of oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of DEP$_{2.5}$ using single cell gel electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of DEP$_{2.5}$ genotoxicity, the rat micro-some mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with routine comet assay were performed. DEP$_{2.5}$ was collected from diesel engine bus and dichloromethane extract was obtained. The organic extract of DEP$_{2.5}$ revealed DNA damage itself in NIH/3T3 cells. And it showed both oxidative and microsome mediated DNA damages. Vitamin C as an model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclase III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. Our results show that DEP$_{2.5}$ are genotoxic and a great source of oxidative stress, but antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative DNA damages. And DEP$_{2.5}$ may contain indirect mutagens which can be inhibited by CYP inhibitors.d by CYP inhibitors.