• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.329-345
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Evidence has suggested an association between serum vitamin D and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but prospective studies are very limited. The objective was to assess the dose-response association between serum vitamin D concentration and MetS risk using a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated observational studies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase, a systematic literature search was conducted through February 2020 and the references of relevant articles were reviewed. A random-effects model was used to estimate the summary odds ratio/relative risk and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated with I² statistic. In total, 23 observational studies (19 cross-sectional studies, and four cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The pooled estimates (95% CI) for MetS per 25-nmol/L increment in serum vitamin D concentration were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.84; I² = 53.5) in cross-sectional studies, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.72-0.98; I² = 85.8) in cohort studies. Similar results were observed, irrespectively of age of study population, study location, MetS criteria, and adjustment factors. There was no publication bias for the dose-response meta-analysis of serum vitamin D concentrations and MetS. CONCLUSIONS: Dose-response meta-analysis demonstrated that a 25-nmol/L increment in the serum vitamin D concentration was associated with 20% and 15% lower risks of MetS in cross-sectional studies and cohort studies, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2022

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D₃ on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality. Methods: The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D₃ in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D₃ and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 ㎍/kg 25 (OH)D₃. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D₃ respectively and supplemented without or with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃. Results: Sows fed 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D₃-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D₃ improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D₃ level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementing vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D₃ levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 ㎍/kg 25(OH)D₃ "on top" to practical vitamin D₃-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.919-923
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• 1974

Serum calcium level was decreased by submaxillary gland removal in rate. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the above change, the authors examined the effects of thyroxine, vitamin D₂, and calcium gluconate, which influence the metabolisms of calcium and submaxillary gland, on the serum calcium level of the intact and submaxillary gland removal rats. The results were as follows: 1) Serum calcium level decreased by submaxillary gland removal. 2) Vitamin D₂, increased the serum calcium level significantly. 3) Thyroxine falied to recover the decreased serum calcium level induced by submaxillary gland removal to the control level. 4) In submaxillary gland removal rats, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 5) In thyroxine administered rats for 55 days, of which submaxillary glands were removed, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 6) The serum calcium level in intact rats was increased slightly, but increased significantly in submaxillary gland removal rats shortly after intravenous injection of calcium gluconate.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2019

Objectives: Although the number of laboratory workers is constantly increasing every year, few studies have been conducted on the health and nutritional status of these research workers. This study determined the health status of laboratory workers by analyzing their anthropometric indices, dietary life, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices. Methods: The subjects consisted of 100 female laboratory workers. This study investigated their diet, anthropometric indices, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of working in a laboratory (<1 year, $${\geq}_-1year$$). Results: The average age and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were 23.18 years and $21.51kg/m^2$, respectively Those subjects with over 1 year employment ($${\geq}_-1year$$) had a significantly higher waist-hip ratio than that of the subjects with the less than 1 year employment (<1 year). The mean serum vitamin D level of all the subjects was 10.04 ng/mL, which is close to a level of vitamin D deficiency. There was a significantly higher average intake of calories in the over 1 year employment group as compared to that of the less than 1 year employment group. The frequency of eating sweet snacks was significantly higher for the over 1 year employment group. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level and the time of exposure to sunlight, while dietary intake of vitamin D did not show correlation with the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level. However, the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level was also negatively correlated with both the percentage of body fat and visceral fat. Conclusions: Laboratory workers are a very high risk group in terms of their nutritional status of vitamin D. Therefore, they need greater time of exposure to sunlight as well as increasing their dietary consumption of vitamin D. In addition, it is important for laboratory worker to practice regular and balanced dietary habits in order to maintain a healthy life.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Objectives : Egg yolk is composed of various important chemical substances for human health. A calcium shortage causes the growth retardation on the body growth. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of calcium, vitamin D and egg yolk peptide (EYP) treatment on the retardation of the longitudinal bone growth induced by low-calcium diet in adolescent rats. Methods : Low calcium diets were administrated for 15 days. During the last five days, calcium and/or vitamin D and/or EYP were administrated. The body weights, longitudinal bone growth rates, the heights of growth plates, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 expressions were measured using histochemical analysis. Results : Low calcium diets caused the significant reduction in body weight gains and the longitudinal bone growth. The heights of growth plates and the expressions of BMP-2 and IGF-1 showed the impairment of body growth as well. Calcium and/or vitamin D administration could not significantly increase the longitudinal bone growth. However, calcium, vitamin D, and EYP administration significantly increased the bone growth, the growth plate height, and BMP-2 and IGF-1 expressions. Conclusions : These results suggest that EYP enhances the longitudinal bone growth in the calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency and it could be a promising agent for the treatment of children suffering from malnutrition.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권8호
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• pp.283-287
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• 2015

Purpose: We assessed the relationships between iron and vitamin D statuses in breastfed infants and their mothers and evaluated the determinants of iron and vitamin D deficiencies in breastfed infants. Methods: Seventy breastfed infants aged 4-24 months and their mothers participated in this study from February 2012 to May 2013. Complete blood counts, total iron binding capacity, and levels of C-reactive protein, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in infants and their mothers were measured. Results: A history of maternal prepregnancy anemia was associated with lower ferritin and 25(OH)D levels in both infants and their mothers. The 25(OH)D level of infants correlated with maternal 25(OH) D levels. The independent risk factors for iron deficiency in breastfed infants were the duration of breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR], 6.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-39.2; P=0.04) and infant body weight (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.07-6.56; P=0.04). The determinants for vitamin D deficiency were the infant's age (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02-0.97; P=0.046) and maternal 25(OH)D level (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92; P=0.01). Conclusion: A maternal history of prepregnancy anemia requiring iron therapy was associated with lower current ferritin and 25(OH)D levels in both infants and their mothers. Therefore, physicians should monitor not only iron but also vitamin D levels in infants who are breastfed by mothers who had prepregnancy anemia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2019

Intestinal barrier dysfunction always accompanies cirrhosis in patients with advanced liver disease and is an important contributor facilitating bacterial translocation (BT), which has been involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and its complications. Several studies have demonstrated the protective effect of Vitamin D on intestinal barrier function. However, severe cholestasis leads to vitamin D depletion. This study was designed to test whether vitamin D therapy improves intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis. Rats were subcutaneously injected with 50% sterile $CCl_4$ (a mixture of pure $CCl_4$ and olive oil, 0.3 mL/100 g) twice a week for 6 weeks. Next, $1,25(OH)_2D_3$ ($0.5{\mu}g/100g$) and the vehicle were administered simultaneously with $CCl_4$ to compare the extent of intestinal histologic damage, tight junction protein expression, intestinal barrier function, BT, intestinal proliferation, apoptosis, and enterocyte turnover. Intestinal heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and oxidative stress were also assessed. We found that vitamin D could maintain intestinal epithelial proliferation and turnover, inhibit intestinal epithelial apoptosis, alleviate structural damage, and prevent BT and intestinal barrier dysfunction. These were achieved partly through restoration of HO-1 and inhibition of oxidative stress. Taken together, our results suggest that vitamin D ameliorated intestinal epithelial turnover and improved the integrity and function of intestinal barrier in $CCl_4$-induced liver cirrhotic rats. HO-1 signaling activation was involved in these above beneficial effects.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is intended to analyze factors of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency with resources obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V conducted in 2010. Methods: The subjects were 870 adolescents aged from 10 to 18 who participated in the first KNHANES V. Secondary data analysis was done by Chi-square, ANOVA, correlation analysis and simple linear regression. Results: The influencing factors of metabolic syndrome were vitamin D, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, which were statistically significant. Simple linear regression was conducted to identify the influence of vitamin D on the factors related to metabolic syndrome, which showed that waist size (t=-1.97, p<.05), systolic blood pressure (t=-2.88, p<.01), and diastolic blood pressure (t=-5.72, p<.001) were influenced by vitamin D. In addition, each factor decreased by .131, .209, and .355, respectively, when vitamin D increased by one unit. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a factor to be considered in order to improve adolescent health and form adolescent health behaviors. Schools, families, and local communities should cooperate with each other on the foundation of a regular health screening process and systematic health education programs. In addition, it is expected enhanced physical activities and sports club participation can prevent metabolic syndrome and increase vitamin D among adolescent.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Vitamin D의 주된 작용은 칼슘과 인의 흡수증가로 인한 골의 무기질화이며 vitamin D 결핍 시 에는 소아에서는 연골에 석회 침착이 안되어 구루병을 일으키고 성인에서는 골연화증 또는 골다공증이 생긴다. 또한 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 모든 암세포의 성장을 억제하고 심장병 등도 예방한다는 역학 연구 결과들이 발표되어 혈중 최적의 vitamin D농도에 관한 연구가 지속되고 있지만 일반적으로는 20~32 ng/mL의 농도가 최적의 농도라고 여겨지고 있다. 이에 우리 한국인들의 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$농도를 측정하여 어느 정도의 농도를 유지하고 있는지 분석해 보고자 하였다. 2008년 2월20일부터 2009년 4월21일까지 14개월간 (재)네오딘의학연구소에 의뢰된 의료기관 종합검진 수진자 들의 혈청 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 검사한 2,800검체를 수집하였다. 이 검체는 모두 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($^{125}I$ Kit: Diasorin, USA)로 검사한 후 성별, 연령별, 계절별, 지역별로 분석하여 보았다. 총 2800 검체 중 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 평균농도는 남 20ng/mL 여 17.22 ng/mL 연령별로는 남자 10~20세 18 ng/mL, 21~30세 17 ng/mL, 31~40세 19 ng/mL, 41~50세 21 ng/mL, 51~60세는 22 ng/mL, 61~70세는 22 ng/mL, 71~80세 22 ng/mL, 81~90세는 19.9 ng/mL 여자 10~20세는 16 ng/mL, 21~30세는 15.26 ng/mL, 31~40세는 16 ng/mL, 41~50세는 17ng/mL, 51~60세는 19 ng/mL, 61~70세는 19 ng/mL, 71~80세는 19 ng/mL, 81~90세는 17 ng/mL이었다. 계절별로는 12월~5월이 15.97 ng/mL 6월~11월이 21.60 ng/mL이었다. 지역별로는 1월~4월까지의 남성을 비교해 본 결과 서울 경기 15.52ng/mL 강원도 15.33 ng/mL 충청도 18.03 ng/mL 전라도 18.68 ng/mL 경상도 18.76 ng/mL 제주도 21.23 ng/mL의 농도를 보였다. 한국인 일반인(칼슘 보충제나 종합비타민제의 복용상태는 모름)을 대상으로 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$검사를 하였을때 최소치 1.98 ng/mL, 최대치 58.66 ng/mL의 분포를 보여 메뉴얼에서 제시한 Deficiency (0~5 ng/mL)에 0.3%의 상태가 있었고, Insufficiency (5~20 ng/mL) 63.3% Hypovitaminosis(20~40 ng/mL)는 36.0%인 것으로 나타났으며 Sufficiency(40~100 ng/mL)는 0.4%로 나타났다. 또한 Toxicity (>100ng/mL)상태의 대상자는 없었다. 분석결과는 실외활동을 많이 하는 남성이 여성보다 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$가 높았으며 연령별로는 남 여 모두 51~80세가 가장 높았다. 또한 계절별로는 6~11월이 높았다. 지역별로는 지방이 도시보다 높았다. 최근 vitamin D의 적정농도가 골다공증과 암 예방을 할 수 있다는 연구결과가 이슈가 되고 있는 시점에 한국인의 vitamin D농도가 다른 논문에서 언급한 20~32 ng/mL에는 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 물론 한국인의 참고치가 미 설정된 상태이기에 더 많은 연구와 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. Vitamin D의 급원인 자외선이 중요한 만큼 모든 사람들이 실외활동 시간을 많이 늘려야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 RIA 방법이 많이 줄고 있는 이 시점에 방법이 불편하긴 하지만 vitamin D의 유용성을 높이 평가해 종합검진이나 R&D용 등으로 검사가 널리 되었으면 하는 바램이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.649-660
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• 2006

This study was performed to estimate serum 2S-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in wintertime and to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-OHD level and associated factors in 50 premenopausal working women aged 30-49 y in Busan. The serum 25-OHD level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Data for physiological characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical activity and nutrient intake was assessed by questionnaire including information about outdoor activity time, daily activity diary and 24hr recall method. The mean vitamin D intake was $4.24{\mu}g$, which corresponded to 84.9% of the Korean RDA. The mean level of serum 25-OHD was 25.7 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD < 7nmol/L) and toxicity $(25-OHD{\geq}75\;nmol/L)$ were not found in the subjects. However, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25-OHD < 15 nmol/L) and hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD < 30 nmol/L) were 12% and 60% respectively. The serum 25-OHD level showed positive significant correlations with the duration of outdoor activity per weekdays (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that hypovitaminosis D was common in the subjects in wintertime. So nutritional education for increasing outdoor activities is needed for premenopausal working women to increase vitamin D status in wintertime.