• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the potential of Glechoma hederacea var. longituba 70% ethanol extract as a natural functional material by examining the anti-inflammatory effect of it. Macrophages results in (Raw 264.7) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Confirming the viability of the macrophages Glechoma hederacea var. longituba 70% ethanol extract showed a 95.8% survival rate at $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Anti-inflammatory activity was examined the inhibitory tests on the production of LPS included nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells by Griess assay. The result showed that NO production deterrent effect of 37.4% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The deterrent effect of GG 70% ethanol extract on protein expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was measured by Western blotting using the concentrations 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g/ml$, with ${\beta}$-actin used as the positive control. The inhibitory effect of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of GG 70% ethanol extract, with GAPDH used as the positive control. In experiments using Western blot and RT-PCR when compared with the control group vitamin C it was confirmed that the 70% ethanol extract from GG suppressed. When compiling the results of this study, we confirmed the possibility of GG 70% ethanol extract as an anti-inflammatory material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.696-701
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• 2011

To evaluate the processing adaptability of taro flours, the physicochemical properties of taro flour with different drying, roasting and steaming conditions were investigated. The moisture content and total dietary fiber were decreased as temperature increased with hot-air drying. Freeze-dried taro flours showed the highest vitamin C contents. Taro flours made by freeze-drying and hot-air drying showed significantly higher total dietary fiber content than those with roasting and steaming process. Steamed taro flours had the highest water absorption index, while hot-air dried and freeze dried taro flours had the highest water solubility index. No differences were displayed in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal characteristics among hot-air dried and freeze dried taro flours. Roasted taro displayed decreased onset temperature and peak temperature as roasting temperature increased. Using a rapid visco-analyzer, the peak viscosity, through viscosity, and final viscosity of dried and steamed taro flours were higher than roasted taro flours, whereas the set back value, which is a prediction of retrogradation, decreased with steaming processing. From those results, it could be concluded that hotair dried taro flours, which have high gelatinization viscosity, are beneficial in imparting viscosity to dough products and hot-air drying after steaming taro flours, which retard retrogradation, is good for porridge and flake base products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1979

In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate of the waste wood of Cortinellus edodes was investigated using crude cellulase preparation of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex. Fr. SANK 16374. The crude cellulase was produced by the submerged culture process and produced in the culture fluid was salted out quantitatively by the use of ammonium sulfate. Reducing sugar was determined by the dinitrosalisylic acid (DNS) method. 1. The chemical composition of the waste wood was crude protein 2.26%, c. fat 2.57%, c. fibre 44.60%, c. ash 5.58% and lignin 13.62%. In amino acid composition, no cystine and methionine was showed, but trace amount of Vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_2$, niacine and chloride were detected. (Table 1) 2. As heat treatment of the substrate was found to produce the highest reducing sugar yield being reacted for 48hr. with T.v cellulase, the substrate was heated to $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. for 45 min. either before or immediately after milling. 3. The substrate heated and ball milled at $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. for 45 min. the reducing sugar yield reached to 11.5%. 4. The substrate without any treatment was found to produce the highest reducing sugar yield being reacted 72hr. with T. v cellulase, the reducing sugar yield reached to 10.1%. 5. The rate of reducing sugar per each treated substrate was decreased by the order of the substrated, heated and then ball milled at $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. for 45 min. (11.5%)> without any treatment (10.1)> ball milled and heated at $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$. for 45 min. (6.9%). 6. Saccharification of waste wood has been shown to be possible by heat treated and milling the substrate in contact with cellulase. And it is likely to be recommended that the waste wood may be valuable for raw materials of saccharification.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

The split application of a nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the levels to 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 time. The results of yield and quality of Okro tea are summarized as follows: Among five treatments, the growth and yield were somewhat more excellent in the five time split treatments compared with other treatments. The chemical components such as total nitrogen, total amino acid and vitamin C were somewhat higher in the five time split treatment compared with other treatment. However, the content of components such as tannin, caffeine, chlorophyll were not different among plots of $4{\sim}7$ time split application except three time split application manuring. The content of fatty acid was producted $2,888{\sim}2,933mg/100g$. Especially, the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid was the higheat in the five time split application. Sixteen kinds of free amino acid including theanine as a good taste component of Okro tea were isolated and measured by HPLC. Theanine in the five time split application was higher with value of $72{\sim}513mg/100g$ than in other treatment. In scoring test, tea appearance and interal qualities of 3 time split application become lower than any other treatment as 80.2 point, while five time application had the highest with 84.7 point. Conquently, those results meant that five time split application was optimum split application of fertilizer for high yield and good quality of Okro tea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of ethyl acetate fractions extracted from Cone of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) were investigated to find utilization of Cone, by-product of Red Pine, thrown out after berry shatter, as a new natural plant resource. Cone from P. densiflora was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and separated to petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction. Among them, ethyl acetate fraction was used. The antioxidant activity was conducted by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, Fe²⁺ chelating assay and reducing power assay. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined by DNA cleavage assay using φX-174 RF I plasmid. The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at 200 ㎍/㎖ of extracts were 86.50% and 95.80% respectively, which were similar figures compared with L-ascorbic acid as control. Fe²⁺ chelating activity was 77.96% and reducing power was 0.77 at 200 ㎍/㎖. Total phenolic component was 27.29±0.3 ㎎/g and Vitamin C content was 1.84±0.1 ㎎/g. Also ethyl acetate fraction from Cone has inhibitory effect, using φX-174 RF I plasmid on DNA cleavage assay. In conclusion, Cone, by-product of P. densiflora, showed high antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage. Therefore this study suggests Cone, useless by-product, can be developed as a new natural plant resource with lots of utilization such as an effective antioxidant, natural medicine, food, cosmetics and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.780-785
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• 2006

The composition analysis of various radish (Rapharnus sativus L.) leaves and the effects of drying condition on the quality characteristics of hot-air dried radish leaves were carried out by a response surface methodology. Independent variables put in drying temperature $(X_1)$ and drying time $(X_2)$, dependent variables put in color, calcium, iron, vitamin, etc. In the proximate composition of radish leaves by varieties, there were no significant differences in the ash, protein, lipid, calcium and iron content of samples, but there were significant differences in the vitamins, chlorophyll and color value of samples. The quality characteristics on dried radish leaves by central composite design, it was significant value on the moisture content, chlorophyll and color value according to drying temperature and drying times. But there were no significant differences in the contents of calcium $(31.41{\sim}35.80\;mg/g,\;dry\;base)$ and iron $(0.21{\sim}0.29\;mg/g\;dry\;base)$. The multiplex regression coefficients analysis were calculated with independent variables $(X_1,\;X_2)$ and dependent variables (moisture, chlorophyll, color value). The calculated coefficient correlations for the each samples were $R^2>0.97$. The effects of drying temperature were greater than drying time in the total chlorophyll content changes of radish leaves. Based on the present study, the optimum drying condition for the lowest color changes and effective reduction of moisture of radish leaves were expected to be $5{\sim}6$ hours at $70^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.650-663
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to investigate one portion size of menus served and to evaluate nutrient intake of lunch at three elderly care facility food services located in Seoul. A weighed plate method was employed to measure plate wastes and consumption of the menus served. Yield factors were calculated from cooking experiments based on standardized recipes, and were used to evaluate nutrient intake. One hundred elderly participated in this study for measuring plate waste and were asked to complete questionnaire. Nutrient analyses for the served and consumed meal were performed using CAN program. The yield factors of rice dishes after cooking are 2.4 regardless of rice dish types, 1.58 for thick soups, 0.60 to 0.70 for meat dishes, and 1.0 to 1.25 branched vegetable. Average consumption quantity of dishes were 235.97 g for rice, 248.53 g for soup, 72.83 g for meat dishes, 39.80 g for vegetables and 28.36 g for Kimchi. On average the food waste rate is 14.0%, indicating the second highest plate waste percentage of Kimchi (26.2%), and meat/fish dish (17.3%). The evaluation results of NAR (Nutrition Adequacy Ratio) showed that iron (0.12), calcium (0.64), riboflavin (0.80), and folic acid (0.97) were less than 1.0 in both male and female elderly groups, indicating significant differences of NAR among three facilities. Compared to the 1/3 Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) for the elderly groups, nutrient intake analysis demonstrated that calcium (100%) and iron (100%), followed by riboflavin, vitamin A, and Vitamin B6 did not met of the 1/3 EAR (Estimated Average Requirement). For the nutritious meal management, a professional dietitian should be placed at the elderly care center to develop standardized recipes in consideration of yield factors and the elderly's health and nutrition status.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.687-695
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• 2010

Complexes of thiocyanato(L)cobaloximes where L is urea, acetamide, semicrabazide and formamide were synthesized and characterized. The reaction of thiocyanato (L) cobaloximes (SCNCo$(DH)_2$(L)) with benzyl (aquo) cobaloxime $PhCH_2Co(DH)_2(OH_2)$ was found to produce a series of thiocyanato bridged dicobaloximes of a general formula of $PhCH_2Co(DH)_2SCNCo(DH_2)(L)$. Evidence for formulation as dicobaloximes containing thiocyanato ligand bridges was obtained from infrared data which show $20-45cm^{-1}$ increase in vCN upon formation of the dicobaloxime from the corresponding terminal thiocyanocobaloxime (SCNCo$(DH)_2$(L)). Further characterization of these two series was done on the basis of ($^1H$,$^{13}C$)NMR, LCMS and elemental analysis. Anti-microbial activity of thiocyanato(L)cobaloximes and thiocyanato bridged dicobaloximes were screened against E. Coli. The DNA-binding behaviors of both monomers and dimers were investigated by spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. The results indicated that the dimer complexes bind with calf-thymus DNA in an intercalative mode via the terminal benzyl ring into the base pairs of DNA. It was observed that the monomer complexes did not interact with DNA. Fluorescence spectra for the interaction between thiocyanato bridged dicobaloximes and DNA were also studied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2016

In this study, the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment on microbial inactivation and quality in rapeseed sprouts were investigated. Untreated rapeseed sprouts exhibit a high level of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) ($1.2{\times}10^7CFU/g$), coliform bacteria (coliform) ($3.3{\times}10^6CFU/g$), and pathogenic E. coli (PE) ($2.1{\times}10^5CFU/g$). The microorganisms found on rapeseed sprouts decreased with exposure to increasing light intensity and treatment time. The greatest reduction in microbial content was observed with a treatment of 1000 V, 5 pps for 10 min, where TAB, coliform, and PE levels decreased to 1.0 log CFU/g, 1.6 log CFU/g, and 1.8 log CFU/g, respectively. In agreement with these data, the microbial inactivation rate increased with the increase in the distance between the light source and the samples during IPL treatment. After IPL treatment of rapeseed sprouts, water content and vitamin C content decreased.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.470-473
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• 2008

A new kidney bean cultivar, "Hwanghyeob 2" was developed for edible pod kidney bean adaptable to Korean cultivation at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2005. "Hwanghyeob 2" was selected from a cross between KLG50073 and KLG50072. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, yellow pod color, oval shape of crossed section of pod at the harvesting time for edible pod. It has white seed coat and middle seed size (20.4 grams per 100 seeds). The average yield of edible pod of "Hwanghyeob 2" was 22.43 M/T per hectare in the yield trials which was carried out at the green house in spring and autumn in 2005. This yield level was 11 percent higher than that of the check cultivar "Kangnangkong 1".