• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.352-361
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• 1987

During the period of May 10 to June 6, 1987, we have conducted the survey about the number of the food daily taken and the intake of nutrition of the 83 pregnant women who have registered at Sudong Myun and Mikum-myun, Yangchu-gun which are demonstration area of the public health and medicine of the College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University, and of the 100 pregnant women who have been to the University Hospital attached to the above School. The result of the survery is as follows: 1) Among the above pregnant women, primigravida constituted 91 women and multigravida 92 women. As for the month of pregnancy, those who have been pregnant for ten months numbered 43 women (23.5%), which was the highest number. As for age, those who were 25 to 29 years old constituted 63.9% , which was the highest in percentage. 2) As for the level of education, those who graduated from high school constituted 49.2%, which was the highest in percentage. As for occuptation, those who were entirely in charge of household affairs as housewives were 89.6% , which comprised most of the jobs held by the above women. 3) As for the composition of a family in environmental food and nutrition, one generation was 68.3%, and two member family was 42.6% which was the highest. As for those taking rare of cooking and serving meals, housewives constituted 95.1%. 4) As for the economic situation of dietary life, those who were in the highest level (A level), were 47.0% in an urban area and 41.0% in a rural area, which were the highest in percentage. 5) The food which the above people selected after being pregnant was fruit not only in an urban area, but also in a rural area. And in terms of the percentage of fruit, an urban area and a rural area showed 44.0% and 54.2% respectively. As for milk, and urban area and a rural area showed 28.0% and 8.4% respecitively, which disclosed that the rate of a rural area was much lower than that of an urban area. 6) As for the number of food intake, 10-14 was 54.0% in an urban area, which was the highest. And 5-9 was 73.5% in a rural area, which was the highest. 7) As for the composition of food taken according to the number of food taken, meat showed the lowest rate in 5-9 group. (p<0.05) As the number of food taken increased, the rate of food taken (points) increased (2.4). Milk and milk products showed a low rate in 5-9 group and 15-19 group (p<0.05). Fruit intake showed a similar rate in all groups. As for vegetables, the rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. Cereals showed a similar rate in all groups. Ans the points of intake was high. As for fat, the rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. 8) In 5-9 group in the number of food intake, energy was 79.9% of RDA, protein was 64.9%, fat was 90.0%, carbohydrate was 81.6%, iron was 83.0%, calcium was 71.1%, vitamin A was 94.3%, vitamin $B_1$ was 77.8%, vitamin $B_2$ was 79.2%, and vitamin C was 88.2%, so that it showed the lowest sufficiency rate RDA. 15-19 group maintained the balance in energy and all nutrients nealy. In 20-24 group, fat was 142.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was 105.6% and vitamin C was 102.2%, so that it exceeded RDA.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.262-274
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• 2014

다용도 믹서류를 사용하는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 비타민, 미네랄, 항산화 성분과 같은 영양소 함량의 변화에 대하여 연구하였다. 비타민 C 및 $B_1$은 HPLC로 그 함량을 측정하였으며, 항산화능은 DPPH를 사용한 자유 라디칼(free radical) 소거 활성을 이용하여 측정하였다. 미네랄(Zn, Mn, Fe, Mg, K, Ca)의 함량은 ICP-Mass를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 비타민 C는 핸드 블렌더로 3분 처리 시 귤 44.06 mg/kg, 오렌지 132.1 mg/kg, 파인애플 12.79 mg/kg으로 대조군에 비해 각각 12%, 7%, 및 12%의 비타민 C 함량 손실이 있었다. 또한, 다지기 믹서로 3분 처리 시, 귤 41.89 mg/kg, 오렌지 131.51 mg/kg, 파인애플 16.76 mg/kg이고, 대조군에 비해 각각 16%, 8% 및 17%의 손실을 보였다. 비타민 $B_1$은 비타민 C와 마찬가지로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 유의성 있는 결과는 나타나지 않았다. 귤의 항산화능 활성 측정 결과, 귤의 free radical 소거 활성능은 믹서로 처리 시(대조군) 57.27%, 핸드 블렌더 56.53%, 다지기 믹서 55.15%로 나타났으며, 오렌지 주스의 경우, 믹서로 처리 시(대조군) 63.03%, 핸드 블렌더 59.53%, 다지기 믹서 54.16%의 항산화능을 보였다. 핸드 블렌더는 자유 라디칼(free radical) 소거 활성능이 대조군에 비해 약 60%, 다지기 믹서는 약 10% 감소된 것으로 나타나서 핸드 블렌더의 사용이 다지기 믹서의 사용보다 항산화능의 감소가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 식품 시료 16종을 대상으로 믹서를 이용하여 조리 과정에서 미네랄 용출 함량을 측정한 결과, 이들의 유의적인 변화는 없는 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the quality characteristics of Brassica juncea cultivated in Jeongseon (BJJ), South Korea. We analyzed the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of BJJ. As a result of the free sugar analysis, the contents of glucose and fructose in BJJ were $0.29{\pm}0.02g/100g$ and $0.10{\pm}0.00g/100g$, respectively. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and stearic acid. The palmitic acid was the highest at 31.22% of all fatty acids. The major minerals were identified as Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. The contents of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and vitamin E in BJJ were $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.087{\pm}0.01mg/100g$, $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.56{\pm}0.06mg/100g$ and $0.20{\pm}0.03mg\;{\alpha}-TE/100g$, respectively. As a result of the free amino acid analysis, total amino acid contents in BJJ were $2,801.21{\pm}115.38mg/100g$. L-proline content was the highest ($744.30{\pm}119.06mg/100g$) in BJJ. BJJ extract inhibits reactive oxygen species production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, BJJ extract exhibits a protective effect on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-induced human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that BJJ comprises various valuable nutrients which can be used as functional food ingredients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1873-1881
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• 2019

Objective: Information regarding the vitamin content of silage is limited. This study investigated the changes in the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages with or without a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. Methods: Alfalfa at the early flowering stage and Chinese leymus at the full-bloom stage were harvested. The treatments for each forage type were control (deionized water only) and $1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming units Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)/g fresh matter. After 45 days of ensiling, all silages were sampled for evaluating the vitamin content, fermentation quality and chemical composition. Results: The LP inoculant decreased the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages and significantly (p<0.05) increased the lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and Flieg's points. Prior to ensiling, the levels of five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in alfalfa were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in Chinese leymus. Ensiling decreased the levels of the five B-group vitamins in both alfalfa and Chinese leymus while increasing the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in the LP-treated silage were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the untreated silage for the alfalfa and Chinese leymus. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in the LP-treated alfalfa silage was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the untreated alfalfa silage. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pyridoxine content between the untreated and LP-treated silages for both forages. Conclusion: With or without LP inoculation, the levels of the five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) in alfalfa and Chinese leymus decreased after 45 days of ensiling, while the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus increased. The LP inoculant improved the fermentation quality of both the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages but increased the thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid loss in the two forages after fermentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2003

분석 중 소실되기 쉬운 야채음료의 비타민 C 함량을 HPLC를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 불확도인자로서 표준품의 무게, 순도, 분자량, 희석 등과 시료의 무게, 검정곡선, 회수율 및 정밀성 등이 작용하였다. 이러한 미심쩍음 정도와 더불어 계통오차와 우연오차 등 일련의 과정을 GUM(Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement)과 EURACHEM에 근거하여 수학적 처리 및 통계방법을 이용하여 측정불확도를 추정하였다. 추정방법은 각각의 인자들에 대하여 A-type또는 B-type으로 산출된 표준불확도 값을 합성하여 합성표준불확도를 산출하고, 확장불확도는 유효자유도로 산출된 포함인자를 곱하여 계산하였다. 야채와 과일이 혼합된 음료 중 비타민 C 함량은 27.53mg/100g이었으며, 포함인자(2.06)를 곱한 확장불확도는 0.63mg/100g로서 95% 신뢰도구간에서의 비타민C의 결과는 $27.53{\pm}0.63mg/100g$(95% 신뢰도 구간)과 같이 수치화하여 표현하였다. 비타민 C 분석의 경우 HPLC를 이용한 시료 분석의 회수율 및 정밀성(33%), 표준품 순도(23%), 표준용액 희석시(18%), 표준품 무게(10%), 시료 측정시(10%), 검정곡선(6%) 순으로 불확도를 추정할 수 있었다. 또한, 이를 통해서 시험원의 분석과정 중 불확도가 높게 산출된 실험과정에 대해서는 좀더 세심한 주의가 요구되며, 시료의 반복실험 시 재현성 있는 결과가 산출될 수 있도록 숙련도를 높일 필요가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2743-2748
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• 2013

비타민은 우리 몸에서 많은 양을 필요로 하지는 않지만 없어서는 안 될 필수 영양성분으로 음식물과 태양광등을 통하여 획득하고 그 농도를 유지하고 있다. 그러나 때로는 어떤 요인에 의하여 농도가 변하는 경우가 있는데 그중 간기능 인자들과 $25OH-VIT.D_3$ 농도값의 영향요인을 분석하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 2012년 8월부터 2012년 12월까지 모대학병원 검진센타에 건강검진을 받은 검체를 대상으로 하여 실험군 검체와 대조군 정상검체 두 군으로 분류한 후 성별, 연령, 비만도, AST, ALT, rGTP와 $25OH-VIT.D_3$의 상관성을 조사하였다. 분석결과로 $25OH-VIT.D_3$농도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 선정된 변수는 연령과 B형간염역가로 나타났으며 특히 B형간염역가는 역 상관관계를 나타내었다($R^2$=0.40). 이는 간염바이러스에 의한 간기능에 의해 그 농도값에 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 간염 보균자인 경우 간기능 검사와 더불어 $25OH-VIT.D_3$의 영향인자로 관리 되어져야 한다고 사려 된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.415-418
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• 2005

본 연구는 녹색조광으로 인한 녹색콩나물의 일반성분 분석과 isoflavones의 분석을 통해 녹색콩나물의 우수함과 이 자료를 이용한 식품개발에 대해 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시험을 실시하였다. 1. 황색콩나물에 비해 녹색콩나물은 조단백 함량은 2배, 아스파라긴산 함량은 5배 정도 많았고, 특히 비타민 $B_1$ 함량은 37.9배, 비타민 $B_2$ 함량은 28.8배, 비타민 C 함량은 22.4배, 비타민 I 함량은 23.8배나 높았다. 2. 건물중 1 g당 함량을 비교해보면 콩 종실에 비해 녹색콩나물의 total daidzein의 함량은 약 26.5배, total genistein의 함량은 약 5.6배가 증가된 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

Water-lipid soluble multivitamin formulations were widely used to reduce the disease and stress of animals as husbandry has made a remarkable progress in recent. But the efficiency of these formulations is far from satisfactory. So, this study was attempted to develop the physically and chemically stable and useful multivitamin o/w emulsion. Multivitamin o/w emulsion composed of water, soybean oil (10%, v/v), vitamin A, D, E, K, $B_2,\;B_6,\;B_{12}$ and panthenol. To make a stable o/w emulsion, the egg lecithin (2%, w/v) and glycerin (2.5%, w/v) were used for emulsifier and thickening agent, respectively. The oil in water emulsion system was manufactured by microfluidizer and the physicochemical stability of this emulsion was evaluated. The average particle size and interfacial tension were measured. From the result of interfacial tension tested, critical micelle concentration of the egg lecithin was 0.5% (w/v) and optimal concentration for the preparation of emulsion was 2% (w/v). The mean particle size was about $0.6\;{\mu}m$ which was suitable for injections. Short-term accelerated stability as physical stability study was tested by centrifuging and freeze-thawing the emulsion samples. The additions of vitamins resulted in the increment of particle size and reduction of physical stability of emulsion. But it is not an enormous problem for the stability of emulsion. Also, we have performed the long-period preservation stability test for the vitamins. All vitamins were analysed by HPLC. The result of storage under $4^{\circ}C$ and dark conditions demonstrated that all vitamins were maintained stable at least 16 weeks, except for vitamin $B_{12}$.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines. Methods: Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines. Results: The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPV-related CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.308-328
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• 2010

As the older adult period $({\geq}65y)$ is increasing, it is needed to investigate the trend of aging-dependent anthropomeric index and nutrient intake, and establish the more specific dietary guide for the different stages of aging period. To find the difference in nutrient intake among the Koreans aged 50-64, 65-74 and 75 years and older, and also any characteristics of dwellers in longevity area, we recruited 1,083 subjects (385 male and 698 female) aged 50-95 years (mean age, 71.3 yrs) living in Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as a longevity-belt region in Jeonlaprovince, Korea. We measured some anthropometric index and collected 2 day-dietary record. Nutrient intakes were analyzed by using DW24 program. The mean height and weight of subjects aged 75 years and older were lower than Korean national reference. BMI and obesity $({\geq}25kg/m^2)$ prevalence were significantly decreasing with aging. Underweight $(BMI<18.5kg/m^2)$ prevalence was also increasing with aging, especially in males, and it was slightly higher than national average, but similar to that in some other rural area. Obesity prevalence of male subjects was lower compared to national prevalence, but abdominal obesity prevalence $(waist{\geq}80cm)$ was very high in females (about 89%). In both genders, the average proportional contribution of carbohydrate, protein and fat to energy intake was not different between 65-74 years and 75 years and older. On overall, nutrient intake and quality of diet of females were inferior to those of males so that many of females aged 75 years and older assumed to be at risk of malnourished status. Fiber, folate and vitamin E intakes were substantially higher compared to those in 2007 KNHNES and other some studies in rural area. While almost nutrient %EAR was significantly decreased with aging in females, there was no significant difference in %EAR for protein, vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_6$, $B_{12}$, niacin, Ca and Zn between 65-74 years and 75 years and older in males. Vitamin $B_2$ for male aged 50-64 years, vitamin $B_2$ and Ca for male aged 65 years and over and female aged 50-74 years, and vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, Ca and folate intake for female aged 75 years and older were assessed to be at risk to undernutrition based on the prevalence of intake below EAR. MAR of 13 nutrients and the number of nutrients consuming below EAR were significantly decreasing with aging in both genders, however, the number of nutrients of INQ < 1 and the average mini-nutritional assessment score were not significantly different between 65-74 years and 75 years and older. Taken together, decreasing tendency of nutrients intake and the quality of diet with aging was more evident in females than in males, and it is unique that our subjects consumed substantially higher fiber, folate and vitamin E compared to not only urban but also some other rural areas.