• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 1995

Background: Chest X-ray of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and shipyard welders' lung show similar and regular opacities mostly, it is very difficult that we distinguish the former from the latter by only chest X-ray. so we performed this study to understand the progression of the disease and to provide the disease by considering pulmonary function and other factors in proportion to the profusion of small regular opacities of chest X-ray in both groups. Method: 430 coal workers' pneumoconiosis were compared with 311 shipyard welders' lung by the number, the age, the duration of dust exposure, %vital capacity(%VC), %FEV1.0, the type of ventilatory impairment, the combined pulmonary disease according to the profusion of small regular opacities on the chest radiographs, which were classified into category 0/1, category 1, and category 2. Result: 1) the percent of category 2 in coal workers' pneumoconiosis was 54.4%. the percent of category 1, and category 2 in welders' lung were 60.0%, 7.4%. the progression to the category 2 was higher in coal workers' pneumoconiosis than in welders' lung 2) The mean age was higher in coal workers' pneumoconiosis than in welders' lung, significantly increased in proportion to the progresion of profusion of small regular opacities in both groups 3) There was no difference in the duration of dust exposure by category 1/0, but the duration of dust exposure by category 1, 2 in coal workers' pneumoconiosis more significantly increased than in welders' lung. the duration in the proportion of category 2 to category 0/1, 1 significantly increased in the proportion to small regular opacities in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. but there was no significant difference in the proportion to small regular opacities in duration of dust exposure in welders' lung. 4) There was no significant difference of mean values of %VC(%vital capacity)in both groups except for category 1. the mean values of %VC had no relationship between the progression of small regular opacities in both groups. 5) The mean values of %FEV1.0 decreased more significantly in coal workers' pneumoconiosis than in welders' lung except for category 0/1. and decreased significantly in proportion to the profusion of small regular opacities in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. there was significant difference of %FEV1.0 in the proportion of category 2 to category 011 in welders' lung. 6) there were no significant difference of %FEV1.0, %VC in smoker and nonsmoker in both groups. 7) With regard to the type of ventilation in both groups in coal workers' pneumoconiosis 21.4 percent of patients belonged to the restrictive type, 11.6 percent to the obstructive type, 5.6 percent to the combined type, but in welders' lung 21.8 percent to the restrictive type, 2.9 percent to the obstructive type, 1.9 percent to the combined type. 8. in the pulmonary disease, the incidence of the pulmonary tuberculosis was the most in both groups, was more in coal workers' pneumoconiosis than welders' lung Conclusion: If we compare coal workers' pneumoconiosis with electric arc welders'lung by considering pulmonary function and other factors in proportion to the profusion of chest X-ray, I think that we will have the better result in understanding the progression of the disease and provision of the disease in both groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.920-926
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• 1997

Remarkable effect of pain relief and prevention of the postoperative Complications after thoracotomy has been achieved by continuous intravenous analgesia. This study was carried out with thirty patients who underwent posterolateral thoraco tony. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I(n= 10), the patients with intermittent intramuscular analgesia(piroxicam 20 mg), Group II(n=10), the patients with continuous epidural analgesia(0.5% bupivacaine 30m1 + normal saline 30 ml + morphine 10 mg), and Group III(n= 10) the patients with controlled intravenous infusion of analgesics(fentanyl 2500 mfg +normal saline 10 ml). The results w re as follows; 1) There were no significant changes of vital signs, between groups. 2) Tidal volume and FVC were significantly improved in the group II and III compared with the group I during the first postoperative day. 3) A significant reduction of immediate post-thoracotomy pain was achieved in the group II and III compared with the group I. 4) The limitation of motion in the operative side was less in the group II and III compared with the group I. 5) A signi(icant reduction of the postoperative analgegics consumption was noticed in group II and III. 6) Significant complications were not occured during follow-up period in all groups.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.609-617
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• 1999

Background: The aims of this study were to assess the etiologies, survival and prognostic factors of patients with chronic cor pulmonale visited Pusan National University Hospital. Methods : This study included 103 patients with chronic cor pulmonale. There were 67 men and 36 women. The diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale was primarily based on the presence of underlying lung disorder and echocardiographic finding of enlarged or hypertrophied right ventricle. Other clinical data including patients' symptoms and signs, findings of arterial blood gas analysis, hematologic and biochemical laboratory and pulmonary function test were assessed. Results: The most common underlying lung disorder was pulmonary tuberculosis(59.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the next(28.2%). The survival rate was 57% in one year, 45% in two years, and 34% in three years. The prognostic factors were maximal voluntary ventilation(MVV), forced vital capaoity(FVC), $FEV_1$ serum Na, vital capacity(VC), serum albumin and peak expiratory flow(PEF) in univariate analysis. And in multivariate analysis, serum albumin(p=0.0144) and VC(p=0.0078) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most important underlying lung disorder in chronic cor pulmonale. The survival rate was 57% in one year, 45% in two years, and 34% in three years. Serum albumin (p=0.0144) and VC(p=0.0078) were statistically significant prognostic factors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.951-958
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• 1996

Bet een November 1991 and December 1993, twelve patients (Male: 2, Female: 10) who had mitral valve disease without primary pulmonary disease underwent mitral valve replacement. The pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed preoperatively and postoperatively (mean, 9 months after operation). Mitral valve replacement was indicated for mitral stenosis in 9 patients and for mitral insufficiency in 3 patients. Preoperative WHh functional class were 111 in 11 patients and class rV in 1 patient. Postoperatively, ten patients (83 %) were classified into NYHA functional class 1. There was a significant decrease in cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) postoperatively (p< 0.05). The pulmonary function before operation was low compared with predicted values in vital capacity (VC) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF 25∼75 %). The FEF 25%-75% and maximal voluntary ventilation (MW) were low compared with predicted values postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the pulmonary function before an after op- eration. Twelve patients were divided into 2 groups according to the early postoperative NYHA functional class. In class I group, the postoperative pulmonary function was significantly improved in 6 parameters (RV, FRC, TLC, FEVI , FEVI /FVC, and FEF 25∼75%), but in class ll group, there was no significant change in the pulmonary function after operation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1981

The aim of this study was to investigate the pulmonary function tests of athletes related to Running, Swimming, Cycle, Taekwando, Wrestling, Boxing, Yudo, Badminton, Base-ball, Soccer, Hand-ball, Basket-ball and Volley-ball. Subjects were 269 athletes from 18 to 22 years of age. They were college students and citizens. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency of breath: (cycles/min., $M{\pm}S.D$) Running shows $13{\pm}3.6$, Swimming $12{\pm}3.2$, Cycle $13{\pm}3.4$, Taekwondo $12{\pm}4.0$, Wrestling $14{\pm}2.5$, Boxing $15{\pm}4.5$, Yudo $13{\pm}3.2$, Badminton $14{\pm}5.7$, Base-ball $15{\pm}6.2$, Soccer $13{\pm}2.5$, Hand-ball $14{\pm}2.5$, Basket-ball $12{\pm}5.6$, Volley-ball $12{\pm}4.2$(Table 2, Fig. 1). 2) Vital capacity: (1, $M{\pm}S.D$) Running shows $4.29{\pm}0.634$, Swimming $4.30{\pm}0.608$, Cycle $4.08{\pm}0.718$, Taekwondo $4.32{\pm}0.595$, Wrestling $4.40{\pm}0.663$, Boxing $4.45{\pm}0.779$, Yudo $4.58{\pm}0.389$, Badminton $3.98{\pm}0.556$, Base-ball $3.99{\pm}0.617$, Soccer $4.42{\pm}0.728$, Hand-ball $4.23{\pm}0.397$, Basket-ball $4.28{\pm}0.426$, Volley-ball $4.60{\pm}0.620$(Table 2, Table 3, Fig. 2). 3) Tidal volume: (ml, $M{\pm}S.D$) Running shows $615{\pm}180$, Swimming $603{\pm}121$, Cycle $529{\pm}189$, Taekwondo $726{\pm}112$, Wrestling $512{\pm}90$, Boxing$622{\pm}134$, Yudo $583{\pm}89$, Badminton $672{\pm}121$, Base-ball $714{\pm}97$, Soccer $579{\pm}89$, Hand-ball $507{\pm}69$, Basket-ball $628{\pm}133$, Volley-ball $597{\pm}144$(Table 2, Fig.3). 4) Breath holding time : (sec., $M{\pm}S.D$) Running shows $64{\pm}18.8$, Swimming $81{\pm}23.0$, Cycle $54{\pm}13.6$, Taekwondo $55{\pm}11.8$, Wrestling $78{\pm}12.5$, Boxing $63{\pm}9.6$, Yudo $71{\pm}14.4$, Badminton $62{\pm}9.8$, Base-ball $58{\pm}8.9$, Soccer $65{\pm}10.9$, Hand-ball $66{\pm}7.6$, Basket-ball $62{\pm}8.8$, Volley-ball $57{\pm}13.4$(Table 2, Fig.4).

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.135-138
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• 2011

'Gonji-2ho' a new variety of oyster mushroom, fitting for the bag culture, was bred by mating between monokaryons isolated from GMPO35338 and Jangpug. In the major characteristics of fruit body, the pilei were thick and dark-gray and the stipes were thick and long with softness. It was great in elasticity and cohesivness of tissue as compared to Suhan-1ho. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around $26{\sim}29^{\circ}C$ and for the pinheading and growth of fruit body was around $14{\sim}18^{\circ}C$. In the bag culture, it was required around 20 days at incubation period and 5 days at primordia formation. The fruit body was grown vital and uniform. The yields were 323.3g/kg bag. This variety has high yielding capacity, cultivation stability and the resistance to the bacterial brown blotch disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2020

According to previous studies, an impaired pulmonary function is associated with arterial stiffness (AS). The pulse pressure (PP) is an important predictor of AS, but the association of an impaired pulmonary function with the PP is unclear. Therefore, this study assessed the associations between the PP and the predicted forced vital capacity (predicted FVC) and predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (predicted FEV₁) in Korean non-smoking adults. The data obtained from 6,857 adults during the 2013~2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. After adjusting for the related variables, the ORs of restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD, the predicted FVC<80.0% with FEV₁/FVC≥70.0%) using the normal PP group (PP≤60 mmHg) as a reference group was significant for the high PP group (PP>60 mmHg; 1.337 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.049~1.703]). In addition, the ORs of obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD, FEV₁/FVC<70.0%) using the normal PP group as a reference group were significant for the high PP group (1.339 [95% CI, 1.093~1.642]). In conclusion, a high PP is positively associated with both RPD and OPD in Korean non-smoking adults.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2009

Organic materials reveal the remarkable absorption and high buffer capacity for nutrient. Hence, organic materials need some different nutrient management skill from inorganic one. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of EC level of nutrient solution on the yield and quality of cut rose grown in the mixed substrate of coir and perlite. 3 EC levels of nutrient solution was treated, which were 0.7, 1.0, 1.3 times of standard solution (Aichiken solution, Japan) for cut rose hydroponics. EC of the standard solution was changed by season following as 1.4 (Apr.~June), 1.0 (July~Aug.), 1.4 (Sep.~Oct.), and $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ (Nov.~Mar.) subsequently. The supply of nutrient solution was controlled by the signal of water potential at -5kPa using frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensor. As the results, marketable yield was similar for all treatments until 3rd harvest, but was decreased in high EC level from 4th harvest to 7th harvest as final. 0.7 times of standard solution decreased the ratio of unmarketable rose having short stem below 70cm and increased the ratio of high quality rose having long stem above 91cm. The flower weight and stem diameter of cut rose was higher in the low EC treatment than the others.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1999

Objectives. Changes in lung function are frequently used as biological markers to assess the health effects of criteria air pollutants. We tried to formulate the prediction models of pulmonary functions based on height, weight, age and gender, especially for children aged 12 years who are commonly selected for the study of health effects of the air pollution. Methods. The target pulmonary function parameters were forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1). Two hundreds and fifity-eight male and 301 female 12-year old children were included in the analysis after excluding unsatisfactory tests to the criteria recommended by American Thoracic Sosiety and excluding more or less than 20% predicted value by previous prediction equations. The weight prediction equation using height as a independent variable was calculated, and then the difference of observed weight and predicted weight (i.e. residual) was used as the independent variable of pulmonary function prediction equations with height. Results. The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for male are FVC(ml) = $50.84{\times}height(cm)+7.06{\times}weight$ residual 4838.86, FEV1(ml) = $43.57{\times}height(cm)+3.16{\times}weight$ residual - 4156.66, respectively. The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for female are FVC(ml) = $42.57{\times}height(cm)+12.50{\times}weight$ residual - 3862.39, FEV1(ml) = $36.29{\times}height(cm)+7.74{\times}weight$ residual - 3200.94, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1980

The ultimate goal of treatment of carton monoxide poisoning is to promote dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and to maintain arterial $PO_2$ above 50mmHg throughout the course of treatment to protect vital organs from damage caused by hypoxia. The hyperbaric chamber designed and manufactured for this purpose has obviousely made an enormous contribution and yet has several handicaps to be overcome by any means. These handicaps are: the financial impact to purchase the chamber (especially in a small, remote community), an extra manpower requirement to operate the device, limitation in the capacity of the chamber (one man type), and the possible hazard of oxygen intoxication and dysbarism. The primary objective of this study is to develope a new therapeutic measure as an alternative to the hyperbaric chamber when it is not available or contraindicated. The effect of intestinal perfusion with hydrogen peroxide has been studied by many investigators and was known to be an excellent way of extrapulmonary oxygen supply. the advantage of this method will include; 1) much more amount of oxygen is delivered to the tissue than one would expect from 100% saturation with oxygen at 1 ata, 2) the procedure is simple and most economical, 3) neither sophisticated equipment nor extra manpower is required. As a study preliminary to the clinical application, authors conducted a series of experiment to observe the effect of hydrogen peroxide enema on dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin in intoxicated rabbit blood. Using an animal gas chamber, 20 rabbits were exposed to CO gas of 6,000 ppm for 60 minutes. Ten rabbits of control group were given 10cc of warmed normal saline solution by reactal perfusion and for the other 10 of the experimental group, the same amount of 1% $H_{2}O_{2}$ solution was given by the same way. Two blood specimens were drawn from each rabbit: the first one immediately following the exposure and the second one after rectal perfusion, about 30 minutes after the first sampling. The result was as follows; 1) The decrease in carboxyhemoglobin concentration during the first 30 minutes in the control and experimental group were $18.18{\pm}4.49%\;and\;23.03{\pm}4.13%$ respectively shelving the significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups. 2) Hemoglobin and hematocrit value showed no significant difference between two groups and not altered significantly by intestinal perfusion with $H_{2}O_{2}$.