• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.463-469
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the effect of ultraviolet rays, soaking, boiling and baking to ergocalciferol ($Vit.D_2$) and riboflavin($Vit.B_2$) contents of mushrooms, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus. The results were as follow: 1. Mushrooms were exposed to ultraviolet rays Lentinus edodes : $10J/cm^2$, Pleurotus ostratus : $2J/cm^2$ and Agaricus bisporus : $2J/cm^2$. 2. Before exposing to ultraviolet rays, the ergocalciferol contents of mushrooms were all $0{\mu}g/g$ dry base, but after exposing to it , those of Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus were $222.50{\pm}5.30{\mu}g/g$ dry base, $150.90{\pm}6.60{\mu}g/g$ dry base and $23.98{\pm}1.20{\mu}g/g$ dry base, respectively 3. Before and after exposing to ultraviolet rays, the riboflavin contents of Lentinus edoes, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus were $18.22{\pm}0.71{\mu}g/g$ dry base and $11.72{\pm}0.50{\mu}g/g$ dry base, $4.57{\pm}0.20{\mu}g/g$ dery base and $3.26{\pm}0.15{\mu}g/g$ dry base, and $37.42{\pm}1.20{\mu}g/g$ dry base and $27.33{\pm}2.10{\mu}g/g$ dry base, respectively. 4. The ergocalciferol contents of mushrooms according to boiling time were not significantly different but the riboflavin contents of them were decreased according to the increase of boiling time. 5. The ergocalciferol and riboflavin contents of mushrooms were decreased according to the increase of NaCl concentration and baking temperature. 6. The ergocalciferol content of Lentinus edodes after a short time soaking at $80^{\circ}C$ was higher than a long time soaking at $20^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2011

A STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) is a shunt connected voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS controller using Gate Turn Off (GTO) power semiconductor devices employed for reactive power control. The operation principal is similar to that of a synchronous condenser. A typical application of a STATCOM is voltage regulation at the midpoint of a long transmission line for the enhancement of power transfer capability and/or reactive power control at the load centre. This paper presents the modeling of STATCOM with twenty four pulse three level VSC and Type-1 controller to regulate the reactive current or the bus voltage. The performance is evaluated by transient simulation. It is observed that, the STATCOM shows excellent transient response to step change in the reactive current reference. While the eigenvalue analysis is based on D-Q model, the transient simulation is based on both D-Q and 3 phase models of STATCOM (which considers switching action of VSC).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

This review describes the risk factors of the nutrition crisis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and suggests precision nutrition against long-term psychological and physiological stress. The mandatory quarantine and the social distancing are associated with an interruption of the lifestyle routine, resulting in psychological (i.e., boredom) and physiological stress. The stress with multiple causes and forms induces over-compensation of energy-dense food, such as sugary comfort food, and is defined as "food craving" because carbohydrates positively affect the psychological stability with serotonin secretion. The consumption of foods that promote an immune response against viral infections (vitamins & minerals; Cu, folate, Fe, Se, Zn, and Vit A, B6, B12, C, and D), reduce inflammatory cytokines (w-3 fatty acids, Vit D, fibers, and Mg), contain antioxidants (beta-carotene, Vit E, C, Se, and phenolics), and sleep-inducing proteins (serotonin, melatonin, and milk products) is essential. In addition, a reduced Vit D deficiency in winter due to less time spent outdoors under quarantine has been reported to be associated with viral infections. The case fatality rate of COVID-19 was significantly dependent on age, sex, race, and underlying health condition. To prevent malnutrition and cachexia in elderly people, weight loss and muscle wasting should be monitored and controlled. Inadequate protein intake, sedentary lifestyle, and inflammation are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, relatively high intakes of fat or carbohydrate compared to low protein intake result in abdominal obesity, which is defined as "sarcopenic obesity." Keeping the food-safety guidelines of COVID-19, this study recommends the consumption of fresh and healthy foods and avoiding sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, and commercially frozen foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2006

This study was peformed to document the association between nutrient intakes, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), and a major risk factor for chronic diseases. A three-day dietary intake survey, using a 24 hour recall method, was obtained from 187 subjects aged 46 to 84 (mean age 65.3) living in Wando island area. The average daily mean energy intakes were 1869.0 kcal for male and 1943.9 kcal for female, respectively. Daily intakes of protein for male and female were 28.0 and 30.4 g, and those of fat were 31.5 and 28.51 g, respectively Carbohydrate dependency was decreased with age. Protein dependency was increased with age. The mean intakes of energy, protein, Vit. A, Vit. D, Vit. E, Ca, Zn did not meet Korean RDA for elderly. The level of serum triglyceride was higher in males than in females and showed the tendency to increase with age in both sexes, whereas HDL-cholesterol tended to decrease with age in both sexes. The levels of serum total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in males than in females, particularly in the age of $46\~59$ (p<0.05). The level of atherogenic index (AI) was significantly higher in females than in males, particularly in the age of 80 and over (p<0.05) Based on these results, it is evident that people in island area did not consume enough nutrient. Specially, dietary intake of protein was not adequate. This study implies that triglyceride, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AI were increased with increasing age, BMI and WHR.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.621-640
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• 2017

This paper reports the numerical investigation conducted to study the influence of Local-Distortional (L-D) interaction mode buckling on post buckling strength erosion in fixed ended lipped channel cold formed steel columns. This investigation comprises of 81 column sections with various geometries and yield stresses that are carefully chosen to cover wide range of strength related parametric ratios like (i) distortional to local critical buckling stress ratio ($0.91{\leq}F_{CRD}/F_{CRL}{\leq}4.05$) (ii) non dimensional local slenderness ratio ($0.88{\leq}{\lambda}_L{\leq}3.54$) (iii) non-dimensional distortional slenderness ratio ($0.68{\leq}{\lambda}_D{\leq}3.23$) and (iv) yield to non-critical buckling stress ratio (0.45 to 10.4). The numerical investigation is carried out by conducting linear and non-linear shell finite element analysis (SFEA) using ABAQUS software. The non-linear SFEA includes both geometry and material non-linearity. The numerical results obtained are deeply analysed to understand the post buckling mechanics, failure modes and ultimate strength that are influenced by L-D interaction with respect to strength related parametric ratios. The ultimate strength data obtained from numerical analysis are compared with (i) the experimental tests data concerning L-D interaction mode buckling reported by other researchers (ii) column strength predicted by Direct Strength Method (DSM) column strength curves for local and distortional buckling specified in AISI S-100 (iii) strength predicted by available DSM based approaches that includes L-D interaction mode failure. The role of flange width to web depth ratio on post buckling strength erosion is reported. Then the paper concludes with merits and limitations of codified DSM and available DSM based approaches on accurate failure strength prediction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of galangin and the 70% ethanolic extract of Alpinia officinarum (AO) toward $KBrO_3$-induced DNA and chromosomal damage in mice. Galangin and AO inhibited the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2'dG) as an indicator of DNA oxidative damage in the liver cell. Galangin and AO showed the inhibitory effect on the formation of DNA single strand break in the splenocyte by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and also inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of peripheral blood in tail blood of mice. Vit-E revealed antigenotoxic effects in DNA and chromosome levels, but galangin was more potent active compound compare to vit-E under our experimental conditions. The results suggest that the extract of Alpinia officinarum containing galangin can modify the oxidative DNA and chromosomal damage and may act as chemopreventive agent against oxidative stress in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

This study explored the association between the bone nutrition indicators and the bone mineral density (BMD) in 138 apparently healthy elderly (male: 38, female: 100) dwelling in a low income area of the city. Dietary intakes were estimated from two meals (breakfast ＆ dinner) and snack using 24 hr-recall method and lunch with weighing over 3 consecutive days. Female elderly showed significant lower intakes (p<0.001∼p<0-05) for most of the nutrients except calcium and vitamin C than the elderly male. Calcium and vitamin D intakes for both male and female were 331.0 mg, 1.89 $\mu\textrm{g}$ and 308.6 mg, 1.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively and they were below the 50% of the RDA. Both the BMDs at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were positively correlated with the energy intake, calcium intake and vitamin D intake (p<0.05, respectively) for male. In female BMDs of the both sites were positively correlated with the intakes of carbohydrates, protein, lipid, calcium and vitamin D (p<0.01∼p<0.05). Female showed higher serum osteocalcin (p<0.01) and urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (DPYR/CR) (p<0.001), meaning that female had elevated rate in bone turn over and bone resorption. The proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency assessed with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$<10 mg/mL was 35.0% for female and 23.7% for male, respectively Both the BMDs at lumbar spine and trochanter were positively correlated with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$ but BMDs in most of the sites were negatively associated with urinary DPYR/CR, phosphate/CR. Stepwise multiple regression showed physical activity, serum alkaline phosphatase, weight, vitamin D explained 47.6% of the variation of the LS BMD. The indicator variable for serum alkaline phosphatase was negatively associated with LS BMD. However, the indicator variable for weight and vitamin D intake were positive and significant (p=0.0087, p=0.0007, respectively). For FN BMD, the indicator variable for age and serum alkaline phosphatase were negative and significant (p<0.0075, p<0.0015, respectively) and the weight was positively associated with the FN BMD.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 2018

In [12,13] the researchers introduced universally convex, universally starlike and universally prestarlike functions in the slit domain ${\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}[1,{\infty})$. These papers extended the corresponding notions from the unit disc to other discs and half-planes containing the origin. In this paper, we introduce universally prestarlike generalized functions of order ${\alpha}$ with ${\alpha}{\leq}1$ and we obtain upper bounds of the second Hankel determinant ${\mid}a_2a_4-a^2_3{\mid}$ for such functions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 1983

To study physiological and ecological characters of the secondary mycelia of Armillariella mellea, it was cultivated on the various media. It was grown very well on the malt extract medium compared with its growth on yeast extract medium, potato dextrose medium and Hamada medium. The temperature of $27^{\circ}C$ gave the best condition for it to grow. The highest rate of growth was shown in medium of pH 6. Heteroauxin of 5 ppm concentration showed a increase as 26.2% in growth in compared with the control group. Gibberelline 10ppm, Tomatoton of 10,000 dilution and Adoton of 5,000 dilution showed positive effect. It was shown that the use of above hormones in appropriate concentration brought the effect of growth, but overuse of them brought inhibitory effect. Under the same condition of 200ppm concentration, vitamin A gave the highest growth of 18.2% than that of the control used.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2015

Purpose: As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the current aging society, there is much concern regarding the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. Methods: In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 267 elderly women. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data were incomplete, information from 213 subjects was analyzed. The subjects were divided into three family types, living alone (LA, n = 74), living with spouse (LS, n = 78), and living with children (LC, n = 61). Results: The mean age of the LA group was the highest, while the mean age of the LS group was the lowest (p < 0.001), and WHR of the LC group was the highest (p = 0.049). Income was the highest in the LS group (p < 0.001). Frequency of eating out was the lowest in the LA group (p = 0.031). By Duncan's multiple analysis, the amounts of energy intake, vegetable protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, Vit D, Vit E, $Vit\;B_2$, niacin, $Vit\;B_6$, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the LS group compared with the LA or LC group (p < 0.05). The intakes of calcium, Vit D, $Vit\;B_{12}$, and cholesterol were still significantly different among the three groups, even after adjustment for age and monthly income. The LA group ate less fruit and fish than the LS or LC group (p < 0.05). The LA group showed the lowest dietary diversity and the LS group showed the highest diversity (p = 0.014), however, the significance of dietary diversity score among the three groups disappeared after adjustment for age and monthly income. Conclusion: Elderly women living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than elderly women living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary elderly women who do not live with their spouse or children should be offered greater opportunities to receive a balanced meal at a congregational kitchen or welfare center. To ensure their healthy diet, it is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind.