• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.571-573
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• 2006

This study suggests a reasonable method for visualizing risk management level by risk weight linked with 4D model. This study defines risk management procedures as preparation, identification, analysis, response and management to manage potential risks in the construction project. The modules for computerizing in this system consist of planning, construction, application of WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) and RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure), and risk analysis. The final results include a method for visualizing risk level by each element of the project by using 4D simulation technique. It can be used as a visualized risk management tool instead of current system using numerical data.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.432-441
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• 2006

2D fluorescence sensors produce a great deal of spectral data during fermentation processes, which can be analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a self-organizing map (SOM) were used to analyze these 2D fluorescence spectra and to extract useful information from them. PCA resulted in scores and loadings that were visualized in the score-loading plots and used to monitor various fermentation processes with recombinant Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The SOM was found to be a useful and interpretative method of classifying the entire gamut of 2D fluorescence spectra and of selecting some significant combinations of excitation and emission wavelengths. The results, including the normalized weights and variances, indicated that the SOM network is capable of being used to interpret the fermentation processes monitored by a 2D fluorescence sensor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.11 s.242
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• pp.1209-1219
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• 2005

In a closed square cavity filled with a liquid, a cooling horizontal upper wall and a heating lower wall, the flow isn't generated under the ground-based condition when Rayleigh number is lower than 1700. In this mechanism, Ra=1534, Temperature and velocity fields near an air-bubble in silicon-oil under a cooled upper wall were investigated. Temperature and velocity fields is visualized using the thermo-sensitive liquid-crystal and light sheet visualization technique. The quantitative analysis fer the temperature and the flow fields were carried out by applying the image processing technique to the original data. The symmetry shape of two vortexes near an air bubble was observed. As the bubble size increased, the size of vortex and the magnitude of velocity increased. In spite of elapsed time, a pair of vortexes was the unique and steady-state flow in a square cavity and wasn't induced to the other flow in the surround region.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.691-699
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• 2017

Data analysts sometimes test the equality of two normal population means by the inspection of the overlapping of two confidence intervals. This method seems simple to use; however, it is a common statistical misconception to suppose that two normal means are not significantly different because of no overlapping. This article will present transforming the confidence interval of the mean difference to individual confidence intervals that are visualized to inspect overlapping. It will also be shown that this technique can be extended when comparing the k normal population means with equal variances.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

A scanning stereo-PIV system was developed to measure the three-dimensional distribution of three-component velocity in a turbulent round jet. A laser light beam produced by a high repetition rate YLF pulse laser was expanded vertically by a cylindrical lens to form a laser light sheet. The light sheet is scanned in a direction normal to the sheet by a flat mirror mounted on an optical scanner, which is controlled by a programmable scanner controller. Two high-speed mega-pixel resolution C-MOS cameras captured the particle images illuminated by the light sheet, and stereoscopic PIV method was adopted to acquire the 3D-3C-velocity distribution of turbulent round jet in an octagonal tank filled with water. The jet Reynolds number was set at Re=1000 and the streamwise location of the measurement was fixed at approximately x = 40D. Time evolution of three-dimensional vortical structure, which is identified by vorticity, is visualized. It revealed that the existence of a group of hairpin-like vortex structures was quite evident around the rim of the shear layer of the jet. Turbulence statistics shows good agreement with the previous data, and divergence of a filtered (unfiltered) velocity vector field was $7\%\;(22\%)$ of root-me an-squared vorticity value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.22-27
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• 2010

The delayed gastric emptying flows have been visualized in this study when a gastric graft replaced an esophagus after esophagectomy. To construct visualization models for gastric grafts, the path data of gastric graft were extracted from the CT images for real patients and then the experimental models were made from silicone tube by considering elasticity of real stomach. During experiments, 200 ml of water or glycerin was poured into the gastric graft model and the gastric emptying time for total volume of fluid to pass pylorus was measured from the successive images captured by a high speed CCD. The gastric emptying time was compared according to the change of diameter and path (front or rear path) of gastric graft, and pyloroplasty or not. In case that the pyloroplasty was not conducted, the smaller was the diameter of gastric graft, the shorter was the gastric emptying time. However, if the pyloroplasty was conducted, the larger diameter of gastric graft was better for the gastric emptying. Although the rear path gave rise to longer gastric emptying time than the front path, it did not matter, if the pyloroplasty was conducted.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.406-413
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• 2001

The current study depicts and experimental work of the impulsive wave discharged from the exit of several kinds of right-angle bend pipes, which are attached to the open end of a simple shock tube. The weak normal shock wave with Mach number from 1.02 to 1.20 is employed to obtain the impulsive wave propagating outside the exit of the pipe bends. The experimental data of the magnitude of the impulsive wave and its propagation directivity are analyzed to characterize the impulsive waves discharged from the right-angle bend pipes and compared with those from a straight pipe. The impulsive waves are visualized by a Schlieren optical system. A computation work using the two-dimensional, unsteady, compressible Euler equation is also carried out to represent the experimented impulsive waves. The results obtained show that a right-angle miter bend considerably reduces the magnitude of the impulsive wave and its directivity toward to the pipe axis, compared with the straight pipe. It is believed that the right angle miter bend pipe can play a role of passive control agianst the impulsive wave.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.75-79
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• 2015

Objectives: As the peripheral part of the primo vascular system (PVS) is difficult to visualize, we used a vascular casting material Mercox injected directly into the skin to take advantage of a simple procedure to visualize PVS structures as primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) in the skin. Methods: Two colors of the polymer Mercox were injected into mouse skin. After a partial maceration of the whole body with potassium hydroperoxide solution, we anatomized it under a stereomicroscope to trace the Mercox that had been injected into the PVS. Results: Injection of Mercox directly into the skin allowed the PVs and the PNs to be visualized. This approach can fill the PVS when the material is ejected out of the PVs or PNs. The shapes, sizes, and topographic positions of the nodes and the vessels are the hallmarks used to identify the PVS in skin when Mercox is used as a tracer. Conclusion: The direct injection of the casting material Mercox into skin, with modified partial maceration procedures, is a promising method for visualizing the PVs and the PNs in the peripheral part of the PVS in skin. The polymer Mercox can penetrate through the primo pores of the primo vascular wall and fill the PVs and the PNs. The data prove that PVs and PNs exist on the hypodermal layer of the skin.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 1998

In this study, basic design data which were required for development of highly efficient ice storage system with low temperature latent heat were experimentally obtained. The ice storage system considered in this study was the one that has been widly used in the developed country and called the ice-on-coil type. Using the system, the ice storage performance for various design parameters which were the flow direction and the inlet temperature of the secondary fluid was tested. In addition, the timewise variation of the interface profiles between the solid and the liquid were visualized, and the heat transfer characteristics of the Phase Change Material(PCM) in the ice storage tank were Investigated. During the freezing processes in the ice storage tank with several vertical tubes, decrease of the heat transfer area and the heat resistance of the ice layer made the increasing rate of ice packing factor(IPF) less. The total freezing energy for the upward flow of the secondary fluid was higher than that for the downward flow. The average ice storage efficiency for the upward flow of the secondary fluid was higher than that for the downward flow.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.975-981
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• 2015

Precise 3D spatial mapping of cells and their connections within living tissues is required to fully understand developmental processes and neural activities. Zebrafish embryos are relatively small and optically transparent, making them the vertebrate model of choice for live in vivo imaging. However, embryonic brains cannot be imaged in their entirety by confocal or two-photon microscopy due to limitations in optical range and scanning speed. Here, we use light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to overcome these limitations and image the entire head of live transgenic zebrafish embryos. We simultaneously imaged cranial neurons and blood vessels during embryogenesis, generating comprehensive 3D maps that provide insight into the coordinated morphogenesis of the nervous system and vasculature during early development. In addition, blood cells circulating through the entire head, vagal and cardiac vasculature were also visualized at high resolution in a 3D movie. These data provide the foundation for the construction of a complete 4D atlas of zebrafish embryogenesis and neural activity.