• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and effect of various cryopreservation method on the survival and the cytoskeletal stability of metaphase II mouse oocyte. Methods: Mouse ovulated oocytes were collected and cryopreserved by a modified slow-freezing method with 1.5 M 1, 2-propanediol (PrOH)+0.1 M sucrose or by vitrification using cryo loop and EM grid with 40% ethylene glycol+0.6 M sucrose. Four hours after thawing, intact oocytes were fixed and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal anti-$\beta$-tubulin antibody to visualize spindle and propidium iodide (PI) to visualize chromosome. Spindle morphology was classified as follows: normal (barrel-shaped), slightly and absolute abnormal (multipolar or absent). Results: Survival rate of the frozen-thawed oocytes in vitrification group was significantly higher than that of slow-freezing group (62.7% vs. 24.4%, p<0.01). Vitrification with cryo loop showed significantly higher survival rate than that with EM grid (67.7% vs. 53.5%, p<0.05). On the other hand, proportion of normal spindle and chromosome configurations of the frozen-thawed oocytes between two vitrification group was not significantly different. Conclusion: For mouse ovulated oocytes, vitrification with cryo loop may be a preferable procedure compared to slow-freezing method. Further study should be needed to investigate developmental competency of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2002

Characteristics and patterns of geographic features and human activities can be interpreted in terms of spatiality and temporality. The necessity to record the historical changes and the ability to reason in the real world has lead to a new field of research so called Integrated Spatio-Temporal analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate temporal maps for Spatio-temporal analysis, which have the integration functionality for visualizing spatiality and temporality of the geographic appearances and human activities. Land information is composed of spatial, attribute and temporal data and requires spatio-temporal representations. It is possible to visualize spatio-temporal variations with spatio-temporal databases and temporal map produced by integrated data models. This study constructs spatio-temporal model for temporal maps of land price variation analysis. Taking advantage of the spatio-temporal model proposed here, it is possible to visualize spatio-temporal variations with spatio-temporal database and temporal map. On a practical level, this study would be extended and utilized to various geographic features.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Natural convection heat transfer phenomena on a horizontal cylinder have been studied experimentally in order to investigate the applicability of analogy experimental methodology using a copper electroplating system and to visualize the local heat transfer rates depending on the angular position and the diameter of the horizontal cylinder. In the copper electroplating system, the copper ion produced at the anode moves by convection and diffusion to the cathode and reduces at the cathode, representing the heat transfer. By using aluminum cathode with a distinguishable color, the amount of copper plated could visualize the amount of heat transferred depending on the angular position of the cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder is varied from 0.01m to 0.15m, which correspond to Rayleigh numbers in the range of $1.73{\times}10^7$ to $5.69{\times}10^{11}$. The test results are in good agreement with existing heat transfer correlations.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The objective of the present study is to visualize the steady and pulsatile flow fields in a branching model by using a high-resolution PIV system. A bifurcated flow system was built for the experiments in the steady and pulsatile flows. Harvard pulsatile pump was used to generate the pulsatile velocity waveforms. Conifer powder as the tracing particles was added to water to visualize the flow fields. CCD cameras($1K{\times}1K$(high resolution camera) and $640{\times}480$(low resolution camera)) captured two consecutive particle images at once for the image processing of several cross sections on the flow system. The range validation method and the area interpolation method were used to obtain the final velocity vectors with high accuracy. The results of the image processing clearly showed the recirculation zones and the formation of the paired secondary flows from the distal to the apex of the branch flow in the bifurcated model. The results also indicated that the particle velocities at the inner wall moved faster than the velocities at the outer wall due to the inertial force effects and the helical motions generated in the branch flows as the flow proceeded toward the outer wall. Even though the PIV images from the high resolution camera were closer to the simulation results than the images from the low resolution camera at some locations, both results of the PIV experiments from the two cameras generally agreed quite well with the results from the computer simulations. Therefore, instead of using the expensive stereoscopic PIV or 3D PIV system, the three-dimensional flow fields in a bifurcated model could be easily and exactly investigated by this study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.133-142
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• 2007

Unlike face-to-face communication, text-based communication by digital media has limitations that non-verbal elements are eliminated and social presence decrease. To overcome this problem, people try to find solutions which visualize emotion and situation by using emoticons, icons, computer language and so on. As most SMS users experience the failure of using emotions on the mobile phone, they need to make up for this point. In this study, we conducted research on the recent mobile fonts situations and surveyed users' perception on SMS fonts as to suggest solutions of expressing and visualizing emotions on the mobile phone, a representative media of personal communication. As a solution of reducing the failure, we conducted a survey on users' perception about fonts and the capability of the expressing emotions by fonts. The survey found that mobile fonts can be used as a method to express human emotion. As a finding, the shape of the font can be used as a method to visualize the emotion through text messaging. In future studies, such a method can be applied to variety of different personal media with the communication method based on text. Those studies can propose different usage for fonts in communication.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.321-343
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• 2016

This study aimed to design a semi-automatic web-based pilot system 1) to build a Korean novel geo-name, 2) to update the database using automatic geo-name extraction for a scalable database, and 3) to retrieve/visualize the usage of an old geo-name on the map. In particular, the problem of extracting novel geo-names, which are currently obsolete, is difficult to solve because obtaining a corpus used for training dataset is burden. To build a corpus for training data, an admin tool, HTML crawler and parser in Python, crawled geo-names and usages from a vocabulary dictionary for Korean New Novel enough to train a named entity tagger for extracting even novel geo-names not shown up in a training corpus. By means of a training corpus and an automatic extraction tool, the geo-name database was made scalable. In addition, the system can visualize the geo-name on the map. The work of study also designed, implemented the prototype and empirically verified the validity of the pilot system. Lastly, items to be improved have also been addressed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Because it is difficult on existing document retrieval systems to visualize the search result, search results show document titles and short summaries of the parts that include the search keywords. If the result list is long, it is difficult to examine all the documents at once and to find a relation among them. This study uses clustering to classify similar documents into groups to make it easy to grasp the relations among the searched documents. Also, this study proposes a two-level visualization algorithm such that, first, the center of clusters is projected to low-dimensional space by using multi-dimensional scaling to help searchers grasp the relation among clusters at a glance, and second, individual documents are drawn in low-dimensional space based on the center of clusters using the orbital model as a basis to easily confirm similarities among individual documents. This study is tested on the benchmark data and the real data, and it shows that it is possible to visualize search results in real time.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

Vector field has been commonly used to visualize the data set which is invisible or is hard to explain. For instance, it could be used to visualize scientific data such as the direction and amount of wind and water field, transfer of heat through thermally conductive materials, and electromagnetic field. In this paper, we present a technique to enable intuitive recognition of the data though haptic feedback along with visual feedback. To add tactile information to graphical vector field, we model a haptic vector field and then apply it to the haptic map to guide a user to destination and haptic simulation of water field on 2D images whish can be used ill everyday life. These systems allow one to recognize vector information intuitively through haptic interface. We expect that the haptic rendering technique of vector field can be applied to various applications such as education, training, and entertainment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.7 s.96
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2004

Entering the post genome era with an increasing amount of protein data available in public databases, the study of tertiary structure of pro-teins has been artively in progress. To analyze the structure of a protein effectively, it is necessary to visualize the tertiary structure of a protein. Rececntly, many visualization tools based on Java technology have been developed to visualize a protein whose structure has been known. In this paper, we describe a new protein visualization system, named JProtein. It is designed to be an easy-to-use, platform neutral melocular visualization tool. The JProtein system is developed using Java3D technology. Java3D is an API providing a programming interface for 3D representations. The system informs us the angle and the distance of the interacting atoms in amino acids which are visualized, providing several 3D representation models of a protein molecule. In particular, the JProtein system presents synchronous stereo view as well as asynchronous one.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to develop a GIS application and interface model (GISCELWAB) for the temporal and spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. The model was constituted by three sub - models : The input data extraction model (GISINDATA) which prepares cell-based input data automatically for a given watershed, the cell water balance model(CELWAB) which calculates the water balance for a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells, and the output data management model(GISOUTDISP) which visualize the results of temporal and spatial variation of surface runoff. The input data extraction model was developed to solve the time-consuming problems for the input-data preparation of distributed hydrologic model. The input data for CELWAB can be obtained by extracting ASCII data from a vector map. The output data management model was developed to convert the storage depth and discharge of cell into grid map. This model ean-bles to visualize the temporal and spatial formulation process of watershed storage depth and surface runoff wholly with time increment.