• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.94-105
• /
• 2022

Urban Air Transportation (UAM) is a three-dimensional transport within the city using eVTOL as an alternative to the saturation of land transportation due to overcrowding in major cities around the world. Design has played its roles in various fields in the development of transport, but research on the design application of UAM, which will be commercialized soon, is insufficient. Accordingly, there is a growing need for prior research on the forecasting the future environment and the design application through phenomenon analysis. The purpose of this study is to derive mega trends through STEP analysis for UAM and present ways to apply design in the UAM field based on this. The research method was conducted in the following order. First, the theoretical background of UAM was established by analyzing prior art documents on UAM. Second, five trends in the future environment centered on UAM were derived through STEP analysis. Finally, in order to derive a design application, five experts in each design area (product, visual, video, environment, service) discussed the design application focusing on the results of STEP analysis and derived a design application plan for each design area in the UAM field. Through this study, it was found that the most frequent design area in the STEEP analysis is product design and service design, and therefore related design development is important. After analyzing UAM's information provision plan, display method, and usage process suggested in this study, it is expected that it will lead to various prior design studies related to UAM, such as customized service design, to establish an infrastructure environment for commercialization of UAM.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2023

Clay figure of Baekje, produced by forming and molding various shapes using clay, are mainly excavated from temple sites and provide essential information for studying the Buddhist art of Baekje. Research on clay figures of Baekje primarily focuses on the characteristics of Baekje-era temples in which such figures are excavated, as well as the role and production techniques of clay figures, by comparing regional and morphological characteristics. In particular, research on the manufacturing method of clay figures is mainly carried out by visual observation, whereas precise scientific analysis is required to understand production techniques and characteristics of raw materials in greater detail. In this study, to confirm such production techniques and material characteristics, computed tomography (CT) scans were conducted on the Clay Bodhisattva excavated from the Neungsan-ri Temple site in Buyeo. As a result, it was found that the Clay Bodhisattva was made using a cylindrical core of fine clay, tied together with several thin branches or reeds with straws. The clay used in the figure bore traces indicating the presence of herbaceous plants, which increase adhesion between clay and prevent cracks in the contraction process. On the other hand, the density of the fine clay differs on the inside and outside of the clay figure. Based on this, it is presumed that the clay was applied around the cylindrical core to shape the Clay Bodhisattva. The clay was reapplied on top of the figure to express the detailed shape and pattern.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.6D
• /
• pp.761-770
• /
• 2009

The energy efficiency and environment-friendly aspect of the railway system would be superior to other on-land ransportation systems. In a preliminary feasibility study stage and selection of optimal railway route, the energy efficiency and problems related to environment are usually considered. For the selection of optimal railway route, geographical features and facility of management are generally considered. Environment effect factors for the selection of environment-friendly railway router are focused and studied in this paper. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists (railway, environment, transport, urban planning, survey) and the guideline for construction of environment-friendly railway were accomplished. From these results of various analysis, 7 major categories (topography/geology, flora and fauna, Nature Property, air quality, water quality, noise/vibration, visual impact/cultural assets) were extracted. To select environment friendly railway route, many alternatives should be compared optimal route must be selected by a comprehensive assessment considering these 7 categories. To solve this problem, the selected method was AHP which simplifies the complex problems utilizing hierarchy, quantifying qualitative problems through 1:1 comparison, and extracting objective conclusions by maintaining consistency. As a result, a GUIbased program was developed which provides basic values of weighted parameters of each category defined by specialists, and a quantification of detailed assessment guidelines to ensures consistency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2024

Color is an essential visual element that has a significant impact on the formation of a city's image and people's perceptions. Quantitative analysis of color in urban environments is a complex process that has been difficult to implement in the past. However, with recent rapid advances in Machine Learning, it has become possible to analyze city colors using photos shared by tourists. This study selected Dali City, a popular tourist destination in China, as a case study. Photos of Dali City shared by tourists were collected, and a method to measure large-scale city colors was explored by combining machine learning techniques. Specifically, the DeepLabv3+ model was first applied to perform a semantic segmentation of tourist sharing photos based on the ADE20k dataset, thereby separating artificial elements in the photos. Next, the K-means clustering algorithm was used to extract colors from the artificial elements in Dali City, and an adjacency matrix was constructed to analyze the correlations between the dominant colors. The research results indicate that the main color of the artificial elements in Dali City has the highest percentage of orange-grey. Furthermore, gray tones are often used in combination with other colors. The results indicated that local ethnic and Buddhist cultures influence the color characteristics of artificial elements in Dali City. This research provides a new method of color analysis, and the results not only help Dali City to shape an urban color image that meets the expectations of tourists but also provide reference materials for future urban color planning in Dali City.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.62-72
• /
• 2024

Due to the distribution structure of domestic temporary equipment, quality control of temporary equipment is essential because more than 80% of temporary equipment is repeated and reused. Due to this importance, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has proposed quality management standards for temporary equipment for 10types of temporary equipments, including steel pipe support, but the overall quality of temporary eqipment cannot be confirmed because the quality is managed through sampling quality tests. In addition, although quality control standards exist for temporary material rental company, practical utilization was investigated and analyzed to be very low as they are mainly presented based on qualitative inspection standards by visual inspection. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop individual temporary material/quality/delivery management standards (Guides) for temporary equipment rental company to preemptively secure the quality of temporary equipment before bringing them into the construction site. If the standards developed through this study are applied to domestic temporary equipment rental companies, it is expected that high-quality temporary equipment with secured quality will be brought into the construction site as the quality of temporary equipment quality of domestic medium and small temporary equipment rental companies is improved safety accidents related to temporary structures.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.555-567
• /
• 2023

The cracks in the tunnel are currently determined through visual inspections conducted by inspectors based on images acquired using tunnel imaging acquisition systems. This labor-intensive approach, relying on inspectors, has inherent limitations as it is subject to their subjective judgments. Recently research efforts have actively explored the use of deep learning to automatically detect tunnel cracks. However, most studies utilize public datasets or lack sufficient objectivity in the analysis process, making it challenging to apply them effectively in practical operations. In this study, we selected test datasets consisting of images in the same format as those obtained from the actual inspection system to perform an objective evaluation of deep learning models. Additionally, we introduced ensemble techniques to complement the strengths and weaknesses of the deep learning models, thereby improving the accuracy of crack detection. As a result, we achieved high recall rates of 80%, 88%, and 89% for cracks with sizes of 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.5 mm, respectively, in the test images. In addition, the crack detection result of deep learning included numerous cracks that the inspector could not find. if cracks are detected with sufficient accuracy in a more objective evaluation by selecting images from other tunnels that were not used in this study, it is judged that deep learning will be able to be introduced to facility safety inspection.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.79
• /
• pp.471-513
• /
• 2024

The monthly news and culture magazine, 'Sasanggye,' established by Jang Jun-ha from 1953 to 1970, served as a platform for government criticism and intellectual representation. The magazine created photographic-essays covering a variety of topics and utilized images as a visually impactful tool with news value. This paper aims to critically examine the photographic-essays within 'Sasanggye' as archival records, shedding light on their intrinsic value. Before delving into this assessment, the paper thoroughly explores the developmental process and characteristics of these photographic-essays. And based on the content divisions within the main text, the paper categorized the themes captured in the photographic essays into politics, economics, society, culture, and miscellaneous topics. It then introduced representative photographicessays. From an archival perspective, looking at photographs involves elucidating that photographs carry meanings beyond mere data. The photographic essays in 'Sasanggye' serve as photographic records providing evidence of 1960s Korean society and encapsulating crucial visual information. Furthermore, the photographic essays in 'Sasanggye' hold a historical significance in the aspect of Korean magazine documentary photography. The photo-essays in 'Sasanggye' carry worth in the history of photography and encompass evidential and informational values as photographic records.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 2024

This study introduced a method of estimating water surface evaporation using the physical-based Penman combination equation (PCE) and the Penman wind function (PWF). A set of regression parameters in the PCE and PWF models were optimized by using the observed evaporation data for the period 2016-2017 in the Yongdam Dam watershed, and their effectiveness was explored. The estimated evaporation over the Deokyu Mountain flux tower demonstrated that the PWF method appears to have more improved results in terms of correlation, but both methods showed overestimation. Further, the PWF method was applied to the observed hydro-meteorological data on the surface of Yongdam Lake. The PWF method outperformed the PCE in the estimation of water surface evaporation in terms of goodness-of-fit measure and visual evaluation. Future studies will focus on a regionalization process which can be effective in estimating water surface evaporation for the ungauged area by linking hydrometeorological characteristics and regression parameters.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.129-143
• /
• 2024

Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare a nutritionally balanced soft blend diet (SBD) with a soft fluid diet (SFD) on the health of inpatients who have undergone oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgery, ultimately aiming to enhance care outcomes, improve health-related quality of life (QOL), and increase satisfaction with the hospital. Methods: Thirty-two patients were randomized into two groups: sixteen received SFD and sixteen received SBD. Anthropometric, laboratory evaluations were conducted upon admission and discharge. Patients filled out questionnaires on demographics, diet satisfaction, food intake amount, and health-related QOL on the day of discharge, assessed using the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 3 Level and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) instruments. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² tests for group differences, and paired nonparametric t-tests for within-group comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test evaluated inter-group differences in preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI), postoperative changes, meal satisfaction, intake, health-related QOL, and self-assessed health status. P-values were set at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The SBD group had higher dietary intake (63.2% vs. 51.0%) and greater diet satisfaction (80.6 vs. 48.1, P < 0.0001) compared to SFD group. Health-related QOL, measured by EQ-VAS, was better in SBD group (70.3 vs. 58.8, P < 0.05). Postoperative weight and BMI decreased in SFD group but increased in SBD group (P < 0.01). Changes in laboratory results showed more stability in the SBD group. No postoperative infections were reported in SBD group, whereas SFD group had a 31.25% complication rate. Conclusions: While SFD is often recommended after OMF surgery to protect oral wound healing process, our study reveals that SBD not only enhances physical and psychological outcomes but also, somewhat unexpectedly, supports wound healing and reduces complications. Essentially, SBD promotes physical recovery and enhances health-related QOL than SFD by supporting both somatic and mental healing aspects.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.12.1-12.13
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the psychological effects of the creative music fairy tale 'I am a music creator' education program, which was implemented as the convergence educational program of the Seocho Innovation Education District in 2021 for a total of 8 weeks for elementary school students, on Musical Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem. Before verifying the effects after conducting the education program for a total of 8 weeks, a homogeneity verification of the group composition was conducted through a pre-measurement, and it was confirmed that the composition by gender and grade was homogeneous. The results of this study are as follows. First, the results of the pre-test/post-test by research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. When Self-Esteem was considered, There was a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Second, the results of the pre-test/post-test by gender of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for male students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no significant difference. The post-test scores in Musical-Interest and Self-Efficacy for female students were slightly higher than the pre-test scores, but there was no real significant difference. Self-Esteem showed a significant difference, and the post-test scores showed a higher average than the pre-test scores. Third, the results of the pre-test/post-test by grade of the research subject showed that the post-test scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem for second graders were slightly higher than the pretest scores, but there was no real significant difference. In the 3rd grade, there was a significant difference in the sub-factors of Musical-Interest, interest in music classes, and Self-Esteem, and the post-score showed a higher average than the pre-score. In the 4th grade, the post-scores were slightly higher than the pre-scores in Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, but there was no significant difference. Through these results, it was confirmed that the integrated music activity approach has a positive influence on elementary school students' Musical-Interest, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Esteem, which are formed in the process of growth and development.