• 재활치료과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2015

서론 : 실행증과 관련된 신경학적 손상에 대한 이해는 병변 부위에 따른 증상을 예측하고 적절한 치료와 목표를 구성하는데 기반이 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 문헌고찰을 통하여 관념운동실행증의 원인과 행동 오류의 기전을 알아보고, 이와 더불어 치료에 이용될 수 있는 근거를 제시하고자 한다. 본론 : 실행의 모델에서 알 수 있듯이 관념운동실행증은 실행 시스템에서 생산적 측면만의 손상으로 발생할 수 있으며 신경학적 부위는 피질하 손상보다는 피질 수준의 손상이 더 흔하다. 제스쳐를 통한 연구에 따르면 팔의 동작과 관련하여서는 왼쪽 두정엽, 손가락 자세에 따른 동작은 전두엽의 기능과 관련이 있다. 실제 물체를 사용함으로써 얻어질 수 있는 시각, 촉각의 자극들은 익숙한 동작에 대한 기억과는 별도로 올바른 동작을 유도시킬 수 있다. 결론 : 실행은 다양한 신경학적 부위의 처리 과정을 통해 일어나며 다양한 외부의 자극들이 실행에 도움을 줄 수 있음으로 관념운동실행증의 치료에는 이러한 자극들을 이용하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• 감성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 휴대용 정보 단말기(Personal Digital Assistant : PDA)의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문자정보를 읽을 때, 문자의 크기가 사용자의 인지적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평가는 주관적 평가법(주관평가)과 생리적 평가법(뇌파측정)을 행하여 결과를 도출하였으며, 분석 및 고찰은 문자정보를 읽을 때 나타나는 사용자의 인지적 스트레스와 문자크기와의 관계성에 주목하였다. 분석의 결과, 다음과 같은 2개의 결론이 얻어졌다. 1) 표시한 문자크기(8point, 10point, 12point, 14point, 16point) 중에서 상대적으로 읽기 쉽고, 인지적 스트레스가 적다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 14point이며, 상대적으로 읽기 어렵고, 인지적 스트레스가 많다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 7point로 나타났다 2) 문자정보의 인지에 대한 대뇌피질의 반응은, 뇌의 후두엽과 두정엽의 후두시각연합영역을 활성화시켰다. 또, 문자정보에 대한 시각성 인지는 문자크기가 14point보다 작은 경우에, 대뇌피질의 활성수준을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 휴대용 정보기기에 있어서 문자크기가 14point보다 작으면 작을수록 인지적 스트레스에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 생각되어진다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 기기의 정보 표시부에 표시되는 문장을 읽을 때, 문자의 크기가 유저의 인지적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평가는 주관적 평가법(주관평가)과 생리적 평가법(뇌파측정)을 행하여 결과를 도출하였으며, 분석 및 고찰은 문자정보를 읽을 때 나타나는 유저의 인지적 스트레스와 문자크기와의 관계성에 주목하였다. 분석의 결과, 다음과 같은 2개의 결론이 얻어졌다. 1)표시한 문자크기(8 point, 10 point, 12 point, 14 point, 16 point) 중에서 상대적으로 읽기 쉽고, 인지적 스트레스가 적다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 14 point이며, 상대적으로 읽기 어렵고, 인지적 스트레스가 많다고 생각되어지는 문자크기는 8 point로 나타났다. 2)문자정보의 인지에 대한 대뇌피질의 반응은, 뇌의 후 두엽과 두정엽의 후두시각연합영역을 활성화시켰다. 또, 문자정보에 대한 시각성 인지는 문자크기가 14 point 보다 작은 경우에, 대뇌피질의 활성수준을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 휴대용 정보기기에 있어서 문자크기가 작을수록 인지적 스트레스에 영향을 미치고 있는 것이라 생각되어진다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 중부고속도로 대전${\sim}$통영구간의 장대터널인 육십령터널(L=3.1km)을 대상으로 터널진입부에서부터 터널구간주행을 포함한 터널 진출부까지의 운전자의 시각적 각성수준(Workload)변화를 뇌의 후두엽부분의 생체신호 중 베타파를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험에 참여한 피실험자는 총 10명으로 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 운전자의 시각적 각성수준은 터널 진입전 200m지점과 비교시 터널입구에서는 약 41% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장대터널내에서 주행중인 운전자의 시각 각성값은 터널진입전 200m 지점과 비교시 34.5%증가하였다. 셋째, 장대터널구간을 200m 단위구간으로 나누어 분석한 결과 터널진입후 1.0km구간과 2.4km구간에서 타 구간과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 장대터널내에서 운전자는 안전한 운전을 위해 평균적인 시각 각성수준을 유지한다고 가정할 때, 시각 각성수준이 터널주행시의 평균수준 이하로 내려간다는 것은 적절한 주행상황이라고 볼 수 없다. 따라서 이 구간은 터널을 주행 중인 운전자가 교통사고를 유발할 수 있는 개연성이 존재하는 지점으로 볼 수 있다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2021

Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain atrophy in this disease spectrum begins in the medial temporal lobe structure, which can be recognized by magnetic resonance imaging. To overcome the unsatisfactory inter-observer reliability of visual evaluation, quantitative brain volumetry has been developed and widely investigated for the diagnosis of MCI and AD. The aim of this study was to assess the prediction accuracy of quantitative brain volumetry using a fully automated segmentation software package, NeuroQuant^®, for the diagnosis of MCI. Materials and Methods: A total of 418 subjects from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease cohort were included in our study. Each participant was allocated to either a cognitively normal old group (n = 285) or an MCI group (n = 133). Brain volumetric data were obtained from T1-weighted images using the NeuroQuant software package. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to investigate relevant brain regions and their prediction accuracies. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that normative percentiles of the hippocampus (P < 0.001), amygdala (P = 0.003), frontal lobe (P = 0.049), medial parietal lobe (P = 0.023), and third ventricle (P = 0.012) were independent predictive factors for MCI. In ROC analysis, normative percentiles of the hippocampus and amygdala showed fair accuracies in the diagnosis of MCI (area under the curve: 0.739 and 0.727, respectively). Conclusion: Normative percentiles of the hippocampus and amygdala provided by the fully automated segmentation software could be used for screening MCI with a reasonable post-processing time. This information might help us interpret structural MRI in patients with cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2006

Penetrating facial wounds are uncommon and are usually life threatening because of the possibility of brain damage. There are three possible pathways for penetrating the cranium through the orbit: via the orbital roof, via the superior orbital fissure, or between the optic canal and lateral wall of the orbit. Brain injuries resulting from the penetrating wounds show extensive parenchymal damage, hemorrhage, and brain edema. Transorbital penetrating wounds can lead to diverse lesions of the optical apparatus, including the eye globe, the optical nerve, and the chiasm. Moreover, intracerebral structures may be hurt, and bleeding and infection may occur. Early diagnosis and prompt debridement are the fundamental factors affecting the outcome of a penetrating facial wound. An 87-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a grinder impacted into the medial aspect of the right eye. On presentation, the man was fully conscious with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and complained of a visual disturbance of the right eye. Computed tomography demonstrated a right orbital medial and inferior wall fracture, a frontal bone fracture, and a contusional hemorrhage in frontal lobe of the brain. A craniotomy with hematoma removal and repair of the orbital floor was done. He showed no neurological deficits except right visual loss. This appears to be the first report of a man with a penetrating facial wound caused by a grinder, who presented with a potentially disastrous craniocerebral injury that did not lead to any serious neurological seguelae.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.810-814
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• 2004

This study is one of the fundamental researches for the development of future smart clothing and textile products using silver(Ag) nano powder. Our study was focused on the blocking or insulating effects of nano-processed textiles from electromagnetic waves. Also, for the surveying of the actual effect to human body, we measure the variation of electroencephalogram which is an indication of human physical symptoms. Among various textiles in this experiment, nano silver processed case has shown the best blocking performance from the electromagnetic waves, which decreases depending on the distance. As a reference model of working environment, we setup the visual stimuli object on the computer that is a source of electromagnetic wave. The power spectrum distribution and the incidence of electroencephalogram was measured. The analysed data has shown that, with nano-processed textiles, ${\beta}$ wave does not appear very often where ${\beta}$ wave appears only to illustrate the stable states of human's body. However, as for the materials without nano processing, the ratio of ${\gamma}$ waves in the total level of electroencephalogram becomes higher in spite of short exposure to visual stimuli in work environment, which shows that the worker becomes stressed. The ${\beta}$ wave electroencephalogram of all materials is drawn in calcarine fissure of occipital lobe to show the convergent distribution, and stronger with block-processed Nano Silver Silk(NSS). The study based on the potential risks of human diseases such as physical fatigue by electromagnetic waves, and has shown that the application of Nano Silver textile for human uses require a proper particle size of it which would not penetrate cellular tissues, and a proper binder and binding treatment for it. However, it is highly required for back-up researches to verify various aspects in applying nano silver to textile products.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2001

Lymphangioma is a rare benign developmental vascular tumor that may be found in orbit, skull and elsewhere in head and neck. Few cases of extension of this benign but insidious tumor posteriorly out of the bony orbital cavity have been reported. The patient was 40-year-old man complaining of proptosis of right eye for one month. Physical examination revealed severe right exophthalmus, impairment of eyeball movement in all directions. Visual acuity was much impaired and he could percept only light with right eye. CT and MRI scans showed intraconal and extraconal involvement of ill-defined, heterogenous mass with extension of the tumor posteriorly beyond the orbital cavity involving right frontal and temporal lobe, skull and subcutaneous tissue. The tumor was subtotally removed via orbito-frontal approach without damaging vital neural and orbital component. Then, orbital roof reconstruction and cranioplasty were done with resin. Successful surgical removal of lymphangioma is very difficult due to its severe infiltration to surrounding tissue and tendency to bleed during debulking. We report a rare case of orbital cavernous lymphangioma with intracranial extension treated with surgical decompression, with review of literatures.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare EEG topographical maps in patients with chronic stroke after action observation physical training. Methods: Ten subjects were recruited from a medical hospital. Participants observed the action of transferring a small block from one box to another for 6 sessions of 1 minute each, and then performed the observed action for 3 minutes, 6 times. An EEG-based brain mapping system with 32 scalp sites was used to determine cortical reorganization in the regions of interest (ROIs) during observation of movement. The EEG-based brain mapping was comparison in within-group before and after training. ROIs included the primary sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal lobe, and visual cortex. EEG data were analyzed with an average log ratio in order to control the variability of the absolute mu power. The mu power log ratio was in within-group comparison with paired t-tests. Results: Participants showed activation prior to the intervention in all of the cerebral cortex, whereas the inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex were selectively activated after the training. There were no differences in mu power between each session. Conclusion: These findings suggest that action observation physical training contributes to attaining brain reorganization and improving brain functionality, as part of rehabilitation and intervention programs.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2006

A gerotor pump is suitable for oil hydraulics of machine tools, automotive engines, compressors, constructions and other various applications. Especially the pump is an essential machine element of an automotive engine to feed lubricant oil. The subject of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the internal lobe pump which is a particular type of positive displacement pump. The main components of the pump are rotors; usually the outer rotor profile is characterized by lobes with circular shape, while the inner rotor profile is determined as conjugate as the outer rotor profile. For this reason the topic presented here is the definition of the geometry of the rotors starting from the design parameters. The choice of these parameters is subject to some limitations in order to avoid cusp and loop between rotors. And the integrated system which is composed of three main modules has been developed through AutoLISP & Visual Basic and CAD considering various design parameters. It generates automatically an designed model for a general type of a gerotor pump and allows us to calculate two performances indexes commonly used for the study of positive displacement pumps: the flow rate and flow rate irregularity. Results obtained using the system enable the designer and manufacturer of oil pump to be more efficient in this field.