• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new approach to the designed of visual feedback control system based on visual servoing method. The main focus of this paper is presents how it is effective to use many features for improving the accuracy of the visual feedback control of industrial articulated robot for assembling and inspection of parts. Some rank conditions, which relate the image Jacobian, and the control performance are derived. It is also proven that the accuracy is improved by increasing the number of features. The effectiveness of redundant features is verified by the real time experiments on a SCARA type robot(FARA) made in samsung electronics company.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a visual feedbackbased balance training, using force platform biofeedback, on the postural balance of elderly faller. Methods: Fifty one community-dwelling older adults (aged 66-88 years) with a recent history of fall participated in the study. Participants were randomized to an experimental group (EG, n=25) and to a control group (CG, n=26). The EG participated in training sessions three times/week for 6 weeks. Visual feedbackbased balance training with the a computerized force platform with visual feedback screen was used in the experimental group. Static balance (center of gravity) and dynamic balance (Functional reach test, Timed "Up & Go" test, Berg balance scale) were assessed before and after end of training. Results: A significant improvement in static balance and dynamic balance were demonstrated within the EG (p<.05), but not in the CG. Conclusion: Visual feedback-based balance training may be an effective intervention to improve postural balance of elderly fallers.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2021

This study aimed to pilot test a newly developed bilateral upper limb rehabilitation training program for improving the upper limb function of individuals with chronic stroke using a visual feedback method. The double-group pretest-posttest design pilot study included 10 individuals with chronic stroke (age >50 years). The intervention (four weekly meetings) consisted of five upper limb training protocols (wrist extension; forearm supination and pronation; elbow extension and shoulder flexion; weight-bearing shift; and shoulder, elbow, and wrist complex movements). Upper limb movement function recovery was assessed with the FuglMeyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Trunk Control Test, the modified Ashworth Scale, and the visual analog scale at baseline, immediately after, and four weeks after the intervention. The Fatigue Severity Scale was also employed. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity and Wolf Motor Function Test showed significant improvement in upper limb motor function. The Trunk Control Test results increased slightly, and the modified Ashworth Scale decreased slightly, without statistical significance. The visual analog scale scores showed a significant decrease and the Fatigue Severity Scale scores were moderate or low. The bilateral upper limb training program using the visual feedback method could result in slight upper limb function improvements in individuals with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of visual and tactile feedback on muscle activity of the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and abdominal muscles and the motion of pelvic rotation during performance of clam exercise (CE). Methods: Thirteen subjects without low back pain were recruited for this study. Each subject was instructed to perform the CE without and with feedback. The subjects were instructed to keep pelvic from rotating backwards by palpating the ASIS and monitoring the pelvic movement by themselves during performance of CE with feedback. The electromyographic (EMG) activities of Gmax and abdominal muscles were collected using surface EMG. Angles of pelvic rotation were measured using a 3-dimensional motion-analysis system. Paired t-tests were used for comparison of EMG activities in each muscle and the angle of pelvic rotation. Results: The EMG activities of all abdominal muscles were not significant between CM without and CM with feedback (p>0.05). The EMG activity of Gmax was significantly greater in CM with feedback compared with CM without feedback (without vs. with feedback; 14.2% vs. 20.7%MVIC) (p<0.05). The angle of pelvic rotation was significantly less in CM with feedback compared with CM without feedback (without vs. with feedback; $15.3^{\circ}$ vs. $10.8^{\circ}$ ) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, these findings suggest that CM with the visual and tactile feedback is effective in activation of the Gmax and correcting of the uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation during CE.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.749-753
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• 2008

자기수용감각은 신체 내부에서 폼의 발란스, 근육의 강도, 민첩성을 이용하여 공간의 위치나 관절의 움직임을 조절하는 능력으로 정의된다. 기존의 연구에서는 자기수용감각을 발달시키기 위하여 reaching 훈련을 이용한 시각적인 feedback을 제시하여 훈련을 하고 feedback을 차단하고 측정하는 방법이 사용했지만 시각적인 feedback이 있는 상황은 자기수용감각만 유도할 수 없는 문제점이 있다. 가상현실 기술은 훈련 동안 실시간으로 시각적인 feedback을 다양하게 제공하는 것으로 기존의 연구의 문제점을 해결할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 가장현실 기술을 이용한 자기수용감각을 발달시키기 위한 훈련 및 평가시스템을 개발하고 파일럿 스터디를 하였다. 가상환경 task는 3개로 구성되었다. mode 1은 신체 움직임을 실시간으로 시각적인 feedback을 제시하는 환경이다. mode 2는 피험자의 반응에 의해서만 신체 움직임에 대한 시각적인 feedback을 제시하는 환경이다. mode 3응 시각적인 feedback을 제시하지 않는 환경이다. 가상환경의 task는 각 mode에서 3지점을 한 번씩 수행하는 것을 1회기로 5회기씩 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서, target을 획득하기 위하여 이용하는 시간은 mode 3에서 mode보다 더 짧게 소요 되었다.(P=0.001). mode 2와 mode 3에서 1회기에서는 상관관계를 가지고 2-5회기 동안에는 mode 2와 mode 3에서 상관관계가 보이지 않았다(p = 0.012). mode 1의 환경에서는 훈련에 필요한 자기수용감각보다 시각적인 feedback에 의한 훈련이 진행되는 것을 볼 수 있다. mode 2는 첫 회기에서 자기수용감각에 의한 시각적인 feedback을 제공받을 수 있기 때문에 자기수용감각 훈련을 수행할 수 있다. 추후 연구는 시스템의 타당성 검증과 임상실험을 통한 훈련과 평가를 할 계획이다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1637-1645
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• 2004

In remote control of telerobotics equipment, the real-time visual feedback is necessary in order to facilitate real-time control. Because of the network congestion and the associated delays, the real-time image feedback is generally difficult in the public networks like internet. If the remote user is not able to receive the image feedback within a certain time, the work performance may tend to decrease, and it makes difficulties to control of the telerobotics equipment. In this paper, we propose an improved visual feedback scheme over the internet for telerobotics system. The size of a remote site image and its quality are adjusted for efficient transmission. The constructed system has a better real-time update characteristics, and shows a potential for the real-time visual control of the telerobotics system.

• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

목적 : 본 연구에서는 소뇌 실조증 환자에게 시각되먹임 프로그램 훈련을 적용 후 균형과 일상생활수행에 어떠한 변화를 나타내는지 확인해 보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 대전 모 재활병원에서 소뇌 실조증으로 진단받고 입원 중인 대상자 1명을 대상으로 주 5회기씩 총 2주간에 걸쳐 중재를 시행하였고, 사후 2주를 포함하여 총 4주간 실시하였다. 중재 전 후, 사후 균형의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 BIORescue 프로그램을 활용하여 안정성의 한계(Limit of stability; LOS)와 롬버그 검사를 시행하였고, 다른 균형평가로는 버그 균형척도를 시행하였다. 일상생활수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 COPM을 실시하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 소뇌 실조증 환자에게 안정성의 한계와 롬버그 검사, 버그 균형척도에서 중재 후 변화를 확인하였고, 유지가 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 일상생활수행에서도 목욕하기, 이동하기, 교통수단의 이용, 세탁하기, 모임활동 5개 영역 모두 수행도와 만족도가 향상 되었다. 결론 : 소뇌 실조증 환자에게 균형향상을 위하여 시각되먹임 프로그램이 유용하게 적용되어질 수 있을 것으로 보여 진다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of visual biofeedback methods utilizing pressure sensors on the static balance of stroke patients. Design: Randomized crossover study. Methods: A total of 27 patients with hemiparesis participated in this study. The following three feedback conditions were considered: condition 1 (Knowledge of performance feedback), condition 2 (Knowledge of result feedback), and condition 3 (None feedback). A force plate was used to measure static balance. The total sway length, average sway velocity, x-axis excursion, and y-axis excursion of the center of pressure were measured. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was employed for comparisons of variables between each condition. The statistical significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Results: There was a significant difference in the static balance results between each feedback condition (p<0.05). In the post-hoc results, it was confirmed that the static balance was significant in the order of knowledge of performance feedback, knowledge of result feedback, and none feedback. Conclusions: When comparing the three conditions, it was observed that knowledge of performance feedback showed the most improved effect on static balance ability. As further research progresses, that this approach could be used as an effective intervention method in clinical settings.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2023

Purpose : The most effective intervention for flat foot is strengthening exercises for the intrinsic and extrinsic of the foot. Additionally, visual feedback is necessary for movement accuracy. However, the effectiveness of the intervention when combined with visual feedback was not revealed. To confirm this, the research was to investigate the effect of visual feedback and a complex exercise program on navicular bone height, plantar pressure, and lower extremity alignment. Methods : The twenty eight adult men and women with flat foot were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=14) and group2 (n=14), group1 performed complex exercises with visual feedback, and group 2 performed only complex exercises. Both groups performed a 40 minute compound exercise program three times a week. Navicular drop test, plantar pressure test, and lower extremity alignment test were performed equally in both group. Results : As a result of comparing the change in navicular height within the group according to the intervention, both groups showed a significant difference before and after the exercise (p>.05). There was not significant difference comparing the difference between the groups in the navicular height (p>.05). Comparing the change in plantar pressure within groups, there was not significant difference in the change in plantar pressure in both groups (p>.05). Coparing the difference before and after exercise between groups, there was not significant plantar pressure (p>.05). Comparing the change in leg alignment within the group, there was a significant difference in the change in ankle before and after exercise in group 1 (p<.05), but there was not significant difference in group 2. There was not significant difference in pelvic tilt and knee tilt before and after exercise in both groups (p>.05). Comparing the before and after exercise difference between groups, there were not significant in all variables of leg alignment (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that complex exercise applied to patients with flat foot were effective in increasing the height of the navicular bone and ankle angle, but there was no effect due to visual feedback.