• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Purpose: In the digital age, visual cues in computer-mediated environments are becoming a very popular means of communication. Therefore, it is a very critical market for marketers to utilize for marketing communication and platform providers and manufacturers of mobile devices which create and distribute the visual cues While the prevalent research on visual cue consumption focuses on the positive side, the dark side of consuming visual cues has not been investigated. Therefore, in this research, the dark side of using visual cues, such as difficulties and problems in their application, will be investigated. Research design, data, and methodology: Due to the nature of this study, a netnography approach was adopted. Twitter which the users regularly utilise visual cues in their communications was a prime source for data of this research. Results: This research suggests that visual cue users experience anxiety about the subordination of expression and suffer from the myth of an ideal practice of expression. Conclusions: As the previous research emphasised the complementary role of visual cues, has failed to recognise the problems associated with the extensive and growing dependence on visual cues. This awareness demonstrates that we need to take a careful approach to visual cue usage.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

Purpose - This research aimed at exploring the mediation roles of the arousal and pleasure in the effects of the congruity between visual sensory cues of a retail store and consumers' self-image on the intent to reuse the store. Research design, data, and methodology - The data from 278 Chinese consumers who answered the questionnaire online were analyzed by using structural equation model of Amos 21.0 program to verify the hypotheses. Results - Store's visual sensory cues congruent with consumers' self-image directly affected the intention to reuse the store, and had positive impacts on both their arousal and pleasure states. The consumers' pleasure positively influenced on their intention, but their arousal did not influence on the intention. Consumers' pleasure played mediation roles in the effect of the congruity on the intention to reuse the store. Conclusions - Retail store marketers should pay attention to visual sensory cues to match the cues to consumers' self-image, when designing their store settings. When developing the cues, to help consumers feel pleasure which in turn, induces loyalty to their store, the marketers should develop the atmosphere setting in the respects of the congruity between the visual sensory cues and the self image.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how accurately children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 9) recognized four basic emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, and fear) following musical or visual cues. Their performance was compared to that of typically developing children (TD; n = 14). All of the participants were between the ages of 7 and 13 years. Four musical cues and four visual cues for each emotion were presented to evaluate the participants' ability to recognize the four basic emotions. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the two groups between the musical and visual cues. In particular, the ASD group demonstrated significantly less accurate recognition of the four emotions compared to the TD group. However, the emotion recognition of both groups was more accurate following the musical cues compared to the visual cues. Finally, for both groups, their greatest recognition accuracy was for happiness following the musical cues. In terms of the visual cues, the ASD group exhibited the greatest recognition accuracy for anger. This initial study support that musical cues can facilitate emotion recognition in children with ASD. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in emotion recognition and the role of sensory cues play in emotion recognition for children with ASD.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.281-288
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• 2018

The current study examined the moderating effect of visual cues in eWOM on the relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention. Specifically, the study tested the different directions of the moderating effect in positive and negative eWOM. Two studies from a 2 (perceived risk: high vs. low) by 2 (visual cue: presence vs. absence) experimental design were used with online subjects. Findings from study 1 (n=123) supported that visual cues in positive eWOM help to reduce the negative effect of perceived risk on purchase intention. However, study 2 (n=122) showed that visual cues in negative eWOM intensify the negative effect of perceived risk on purchase intention. The findings demonstrated that visual cues in eWOM influence consumers' decision under high risk conditions. We discussed findings of this study how visual cues in positive and negative eWOM can be strategically managed for new online sellers.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.399-410
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• 2020

Detecting visual relationships in an image is important in an image understanding task. It enables higher image understanding tasks, that is, predicting the next scene and understanding what occurs in an image. A visual relationship comprises of a subject, a predicate, and an object, and is related to visual, language, and spatial cues. The predicate explains the relationship between the subject and object and can be categorized into different categories such as prepositions and verbs. A large visual gap exists although the visual relationship is included in the same predicate. This study improves upon a previous study (that uses language cues using two losses) and a spatial cue (that only includes individual information) by adding relative information on the subject and object of the extant study. The architectural limitation is demonstrated and is overcome to detect all zero-shot visual relationships. A new problem is discovered, and an explanation of how it decreases performance is provided. The experiment is conducted on the VRD and VG datasets and a significant improvement over previous results is obtained.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.366-374
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• 2023

Growing environmental awareness around the world has made environmental issues increasingly important in business. While most past research has focused on consumers' sustainable morals and lifestyles as the main motivations for eco-friendly consumption, few studies have examined the effect of traditional marketing programs on sustainable consumption. In this study, the author posited that delicate visual cues in store retail environments, particularly visual cues of the store interiors, affect the ways consumers evaluate the brand. The author specifically tested the effect of visual congruence, or the perceived fit between brands and visual cues in retail atmospheres, on perceived brand image and trust. The results of the online survey of 622 U.S. consumers indicated that visual congruence has a significant positive effect on consumer trust in the brand. The author also hypothesized that environmental concerns would moderate the relationships. consumers' subjective environmental concerns do not moderate the positive effect of visual congruence on trust in the brand.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2005

This paper investigated the effect of audio and visual cues on Korean and Japanese EFL learners' perception of the lateral/retroflex contrast in English. In a perception experiment, the two English consonants /l/ and /r/ were embedded in initial and medial position in nonsense words in the context of the vowels /i, a, u/. Singletons and clusters were included in the speech material. Audio and video recordings were made using a total of 108 items. The items were presented to Korean and Japanese learners of English in three conditions: audio-alone (A), visual-alone (V) and audio-visual presentation (AV). The results showed that there was no evidence of AV benefit for the perception of the /l/-/r/ contrast for either Korean or Japanese learners of English. Korean listeners showed much better identification rates of the /l/-/r/ contrast than Japanese listeners when presented in audio or audio-visual conditions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-87
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• 2019

Most studies on how people perceive a given quantity of items were conducted with visual cues exclusively and only offered spatial area based explanations, such as spatial estimation and perceptual grouping theories. This article establishes how people perceive a given quantity when only a written description is provided without any visual cues. Across two studies we show that variety decreases perceived quantity when a variety cue is given, while variety increases perceived quantity when a visual cue is not given. This is because people tend to rely heavily on spatial areas when a visual cue is present and because people are prone to confirmation bias when they are provided with no visual cues but only written descriptions. Furthermore, we highlight that quantity perception has a mediation effect on consumers' attitude-the intention to participate in sales promotional events. Lastly, we summarize the article and discuss its contributions, implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

This study investigated whether native Korean listeners could use visual cues for the identification of the English consonants /b/ and /v/. Both auditory and audiovisual tokens of word minimal pairs in which the target phonemes were located in word-initial or word-medial position were used. Participants were instructed to decide which consonant they heard in $2{\times}2$ conditions: cue (audio-only, audiovisual) and location (word-initial, word-medial). Mean identification scores were significantly higher for audiovisual than audio-only condition and for word-initial than word-medial condition. Also, according to signal detection theory, sensitivity, d', and response bias, c were calculated based on both hit rates and false alarm rates. The measures showed that the higher identification rate in the audiovisual condition was related with an increase in sensitivity. There were no significant differences in response bias measures across conditions. This result suggests that native Korean speakers can use visual cues while identifying confusing non-native phonemic contrasts. Visual cues can enhance non-native speech perception.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2014

Given that emotion-based computing environment has grown recently, it is necessary to focus on emotional access and use of multimedia resources including images. The purpose of this study aims to identify the visual cues for emotion in images. In order to achieve it, this study selected five basic emotions such as love, happiness, sadness, fear, and anger and interviewed twenty participants to demonstrate the visual cues for emotions. A total of 620 visual cues mentioned by participants were collected from the interview results and coded according to five categories and 18 sub-categories for visual cues. Findings of this study showed that facial expressions, actions / behaviors, and syntactic features were found to be significant in terms of perceiving a specific emotion of the image. An individual emotion from visual cues demonstrated distinctive characteristics. The emotion of love showed a higher relation with visual cues such as actions and behaviors, and the happy emotion is substantially related to facial expressions. In addition, the sad emotion was found to be perceived primarily through actions and behaviors and the fear emotion is perceived considerably through facial expressions. The anger emotion is highly related to syntactic features such as lines, shapes, and sizes. Findings of this study implicated that emotional indexing could be effective when content-based features were considered in combination with concept-based features.