• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.199-203
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• 1993

Inferior mesenteric plexus block(IMPB) is a nerve block for lower abdominal pain originating from GI tract of distal transverse colon to sigmoid colon and other polvic organ where the inferior mesenteric plexus contains visceral afferent fibers of that organ. We performed IMPB on two patients with lower abdominal pain. Case I: 61 year old female diagnosed with cancer of stomach and uterine cervix and carcinomatosis, experienced complete relief from pain for a period of 7 months after IMPB. Case II: male, 28 years old, who had contracted cancer of the descending colon with obstructive jaundice and pancreatitis had complained of pain in the whole of the abdominal area. IMPB was performed for lower abdominal pain. Seven days after, a celiac plexus block was also performed for upper abdominal pain. The patient complained of recurring pain in the left & upper lower abdomen 30 days after the IMPB. The intensity of the pain was visual analogue scale 4 and it was managed by continuous epidural block. Conclusion: It is our recommendation that IMPB is a reliable method for treatment of lower abdominal pain originating from malignant condition of GI tract from distal transverse colon to sigmoid colon and urinary bladder.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1990

This study intends to define the concept of human scale and visual preference which is frequently being used by environmental designers, and to explore the dimension of buildings and courtyards which is perceived as "human scale" and "visually preferable" by users (college students). As the subjects of this experiment were college students, "human scale" and "visual preferenoe" that were professional terms must be changed to understandable and compatible concept. The compatible concept for human scale was defined as the degree of friendliness and comfort, and that for visual preference was declined as the degree of like or dislike. The subjects thought that buildings with the height of 2.73 ∼5. 83 storides, the length of 27.44∼44.00m and the height ratio of 1.81 ∼5.41 were in human scale, and that buildings with height 2.60 ∼ 6.00 stories, the length of 25.7∼55.00 and the height ratio of 1.32∼6.41 were visually preferred. The block game used in this study was Proved to he a reliable and valid experimental method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2312-2314
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• 1998

To improve the visual servoing performance, several strategies were proposed in the past such as redundant feature points, using a point with different height and weighted selection of image features. The performance of these visual servoing methods depends on the configuration between the camera and object. And redundant feature points require much computation efforts. This paper proposes the visual servoing m based on the disturbance observer, which compe the upper off-diagonal component of image fe Jacobian to be null. The performance indices su sensitivity for a measure of richness, sensitiv the control to noise, and controllability are sho improved when the image feature Jacobian is giv a block diagonal matrix. Computer simulation carried out for a PUMA560 robot and show results to verify the effectiveness of the pro method.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.294-303
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• 1999

To improve the visual servoing performance, several strategies were proposed in the past such as redundant feature points, using a point with different height and weighted selection of image features. The performance of these visual servoing methods depends on the configuration between the camera and object. And redundant feature points require much computation efforts. This paper proposes the visual servoing method based on the disturbance obsever, which compensates the upper off-diagonal component of image feature jacobian to be the null. The performance indices such as sensitivity for a measure of richness, sensitivity of the control to noise, and comtrollability are shown to be improved when the image feature Jacobian is given as a block diagonal matrix. Computer simulations are carried out for a UUMA560 robot and show some results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3077-3079
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• 1999

A visual servoing method has been proposed based on disturbance observer to eliminate the effect of the off-diagonal component of image feature Jacobian, since performance indices such as measurement sensitivity of visual features, sensitivity of the control to noise and controllability could be improved when an image feature Jacobian was given as a block diagonal matrix. In this paper, experimental results of disturbance observer-based visual servoing are discussed where Samsung FARAMAN-ASl 6-axis industrial robot manipulator is employed. Also, the feature saturator is proposed to stabilized the disturbance observer loop by saturating the differential changes of the image features.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

Background: No study has compared lidocaine with articaine, each at a concentration of 4% and combined with epinephrine. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 4% lidocaine with that of 4% articaine, with a concentration of 1:100,000 epinephrine added to each, in an inferior alveolar nerve block for surgery on impacted lower third molars. Method: This study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand. The randomized, single-blind, comparative split-mouth study was carried out in patients with symmetrically impacted lower third molars, as identified on panoramic radiographs. Each patient underwent surgery for the removal of the lower third molars by the same surgeon under local anesthesia at two separate visits, 3 weeks apart. The onset and duration of local anesthesia, intra-operative pain, surgical duration, and number of additional anesthetics administered were recorded. Results: The subjective and objective onset of action for the local anesthetics showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). However, the intra-operative pain, surgical duration, duration of local anesthesia, and number of additional anesthetics administered did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The use of 4% articaine for the inferior alveolar nerve block was clinically more effective in the onset of subjective and objective anesthesia as compared with the use of 4% lidocaine. Based on the pain scores from the visual analogue scale, 4% lidocaine provided more analgesia during the procedure, and patients noted less intra-operative pain than with 4% articaine; however, the difference was not clinically significant.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2000

Background: Superior hypogastric plexus block has been advocated as a useful technique for the treatment of cancer related pelvic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neurolytic trans-intervertebrodiscal superior hypogastric plexus block for pelvic cancer pain. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with gynecologic, colorectal or genitourinary cancer who suffered intractable pain were studied. We performed superior hypogastric plexus block by trans-intervertebrodiscal approach at L5/S1 level under the C-arm fluoroscopic guide unilaterally or bilaterally. Ten ml of 100% dehydrated alcohol was injected through each needle. We evaluated the change of visual analog pain score (VAS; 0~100 mm) and daily dose of oral morphine sulphate at the time of pre-block and 7 days after the block. Results: Fourteen patients (50%) had satisfactory pain relief (VAS<30) while five patients (18%) had moderate pain control (VAS 30~60). The remaining nine patients (32%) had mild or little pain relief (VAS>60) and their daily oral morphine doses were above 160 mg. Additional pain control method may be needed for those patients who received high dose of opioid before neurolytic block. Conclusions: We conclude trans-intervertebrodiscal neurolytic superior hypogastric plexus block was effective in relieving pelvic cancer pain. Neurolytic block, earlier stage, may provide better effects for more comfortable life at the end stage for cancer patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

Background: The celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves are targets for neurolytic blocks for pain relief from pain caused by upper gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, we investigated the analgesic effect of a celiac plexus block versus a splanchnic nerve block and the effects of these blocks on the quality of life six months post-intervention for patients with upper GIT tumors. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with inoperable upper GIT tumors and with severe uncontrolled visceral pain were randomized into two groups. These were Group I, for whom a celiac plexus block was used with a bilateral needle retrocrural technique, and Group II, for whom a splanchnic nerve block with a bilateral needle technique was used. The visual analogue scale for pain (0 to 100), the quality of life via the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and survival rates were assessed. Results: Pain scores were comparable in both groups in the first week after the block. Significantly more patients retained good analgesia with tramadol in the splanchnic group from 16 weeks onwards (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.01). Social and cognitive scales improved significantly from the second week onwards in the splanchnic group. Survival of both groups was comparable. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the efficacy of the splanchnic nerve block technique appears to be clinically comparable to a celiac block. All statistically significant differences are of little clinical value.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2015

본 논문은 영상 신호의 방향을 고려하여 기존의 multiband energy scaling 방법의 문제점을 보완하면서 human visual system(HVS)에 적합한 영상 local contrast 향상 방법을 개발하였다. 기존의 multiband energy scaling 방법은 신호 방향에 대한 고려 없이 화질을 향상시켜 ringing artifact가 발생하였으나 본 논문에서는 block gradient를 사용하여 신호의 방향을 측정하고 측정된 신호 방향에 따라 주파수 신호를 향상시켜 ringing artifact의 발생 없이 화질을 향상시켰다. 또한 본 논문은 human visual system(HVS)은 각 신호의 값 하나하나 보다는 각 신호가 가지는 주파수에 성분에 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 이용하여 주파수 성분에 대한 인간 시각의 민감도를 모델링한 contrast sensitivity function(CSF)에 따라 영상의 화질을 향상시켰다. 결국 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 신호의 특성과 인간 시각의 특성을 모두 고려하여 영상의 화질을 향상시키기 때문에 기존의 화질 향상 방법들에 비해 영상 신호와 인간 시각 특성에 더욱 적합하게 화질을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

The cemented sand and gravel (CSG) method is a construction technique that adds cement and water to rock-like materials, such as rivered gravel or excavation muck which that can be obtained easily at areas adjacent to dam sites. This study was performed to evaluate the planting properties of herbaceous plant and cool-season grass in CSG blocks that were manufactured by using CSG materials to develop environmentally friendly CSG method. The two types of CSG-0 without cement and CSG-100 with $100\;kg/m^3$ of cement were designed to evaluate compaction, unconfined compressive strength and growth of plants with cement content by using modified E compaction. To analyze growth properties of plants, germination ratio, visual cover, plant height and root length were measured in 4 weeks and 8 weeks after sowing. As the results, the germination regardless kinds of plants started within 5~7days and the germination ratio were in the range of 50~60 %. The visual cover of kinds of plants by visual rating system were in the range of 7~8 and the visual cover of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass was higher than that of lespedeza cuneata. The plant height and root length for tall fescue and perennial ryegrass in 8 weeks after sowing were in the range of 22~26 cm, 12~15 cm and 4~6 cm, 3~5 cm, respectively.