• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.74-85
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• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.145-163
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• 1994

This study was done to determine differences in effect of postoperative pain control in patients receiving auricular electroacustimulation vs transcutaneous electrical nerve stimualtion following total knee replacement surgery. Thirty-one cases referred to physical therapy department after treated by total knee replacement surgery by orthopedic surgery department at the Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from January 1993 through June 1994. Of 31 total knee replacement cases, 13 cases were auricular electroacustimulation group, 11 cases were transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, and 7 cases were control group. The results of the study summerized are as follows: Thirty-one total knee replacement cases(male in 12 cases, female in 19 cases), ranging in age from 34 to 61 years(mean${\pm}$SD=49.90 7.56) with diagnoses of degenerative arthritis(20 cases), rheumatoid arthritis(9 cases), and other(2 cases). In auricular electroacustimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group, there was a significant change of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active range of motion after treatment(p<0.01). In control group, did not show significant pre-posttreatment differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, active range of motion(p>0.05). The mean change in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion from pretreatment baseline for the 3 groups. Auricular electroacustimulation group showed the large magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group showed small magnitude of increase in pain intensity and unpleasantness, active range of motion when compared to its own pretreatment cycle. No significant changes were observed in control group. Highly significant differences in pain intensity, unpleasantness, and active rage of motion were found using an ANOVA measures between treatment groups and control group(p<0.01). The squares correlation coefficients of pain and function measures pretreatment-posttreatment differences for each group. In treatment group, there was significant correlation between pain scale and function(p<0.001). In control group, there was no correlation between the pain scale and function (p>0.05). The continuous study is needd for many interesting issues of auricular electroacustimulation in new future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of multisensory stimulation on relieving the stress experienced by drivers. The photoplethysmograms (PPGs) of 30 healthy subjects were measured, and their subjective response to stressful situations and normal driving were evaluated. The subjects underwent nonstimulation and multisensory stimulation in stressful driving situations. Heart rate estimation from the PPG was collected via an ear-type sensor to reduce movement noise. The signals acquired were sampled at 200 Hz using BIOPAC PPG100C. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed to compare the effect of multisensory stimulation on stress situations. In the multisensory stimulation, blue, green, and yellow were used for the visual sensory system; white, pink, and brown noises were used for the auditory sensory system; and lavender, lemon, and rosemary were used for the olfactory sensory system. No difference was observed in the subjective evaluation; however, the HRV results showed an increased HF (%) and decreased LF (%) and LF/HF (%) in the multisensory stimulation (e.g., green, pink noise, and rosemary) when compared to the nonstimulation.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

Various electrophysiological tests have provided a large body of valuable information on neuronal responses to a presented stimulus. The special and general somatic sensory pathways are main targets of evoked potentials. Two types of evoked potentials, exogenous and endogenous, are commonly used. Exogenous evoked potentials of general and special somatic sensory systems will be reviewed. One of general somatic sensory functional pathways, proprioception, can be evaluated by general somatosensory evoked potentials with electrical stimulation on nerves. The special somatosensory functional pathways, including vision, and audition, can be evaluated by visual evoked potentials and auditory evoked potentials. Also laser-evoked potentials are newly developed for pain pathway, including lateral spinothalamic pathway, and vestibular myogenic evoked potentials for sacculocollic pathways. The evoked potentials of sensory system have maximal clinical utility in evaluating functional deficits along the sensory pathways. They are used for evaluating comatose patients, hysterical patients, premature infants, patients with suspected demyelinating diseases or neoplasms, and research. We discuss the neurophysiologic tests of sensory systems in views of practical points. The organized evaluation of sensory electrophysiologic tests can be helpful in detecting and estimating the abnormalities in neurological diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this study, tests of brain waves were carried out to investigate the physiological characteristics of drivers during a change of headlight brightness. The participants were 20 males in their 20s. Twenty-three different conditions combining the waveform of light, voltage, and alteration time were used. The measurement of brain waves was performed by an internationally standardized 10-20 method using LXE3232-RF. The results were as follows. 1. From the results of the brain wave map analysis, it was suggested that waveform A increases mental stress and waveform B affects mental and visual stress. The longer the stimulation time, the more stress level was detected. 2. The voltage alteration time of the B waveform should be kept to less than 1500msec, while the voltage should not fall below 11.5[V].

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

Printing advertisement is aggregate of commercial information communication text consisted of image sign and language sign. This means that verbal tabor through visual stimulation and character is mixed and passes information through picture. Typography is process that visualize verbal appeal in printing advertisement. Therefore study about typography is very important for a visual expression element in printing advertisement. Typography expression of Korean printing advertisement accomplished fast qualitative growth after 2000 flowing the 1990s. This study makes that typography expression propensity of Korean printing advertisement after 2000 of changed of expression structure, changed of expression rule, changed of expression method etc. Accordingly, extracted each three analysis bases. And this study presented expansive direction of typography expression of printing advertising in case studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated spatio-temporal eye-hand coordination by the "Global effect paradigm", a target-distracter configuration Global effect is observed a variety of visual tasks, for example, during rapid automatic tracking, scanning for target detail, and the comparison of target configurations. Global effect used to investigate eye-hand coordination with a task that presents a target close to a distracter. Eight young subjects participated in the experiments. The experiments consist of using a distracter less eccentric than the targe1 and using a distracter more eccentric than target. Each experiment consist of tasks which are making reference, pointing the target with watching visual stimulation(saccade) and pointing the target. The subject's task was to move towards the target as quickly as possible. We measured the eye movement by using EOG and the hand movement by using NDI Optotrak system. This study shows that eye and hand movement exists for global effect paradigm in spatio-temporal coordination.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.755-766
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• 2003

The surrealism for the revelation of the unconscious realms shares the inner world of mentality with modern fashion display for the visual expression of sensation each other. The analysis of the influence which automatism technique of surrealism exerts on fashion display showed as follows : 1) The automatism technique elevated the dramatic effect of the sales room by scraping the perspective, or the principle of visual arts. 2) It maximized the effect of subject of the display by coinciding surrealism with realism. 3) The technique which distorts the things heralded the strong message to customers by letting them keep away from the fixed idea. 4) Humorous expression of display brought about the effect of sales stimulation by giving astonishment, shock and exaggeration. 5) Expression of surrealism and realism caused customers to feel shock, illusion, fantasy. 6) The automatism technique expressed the high-tech image, and free expression by revealing the diversity of subject. 7) Display hinted from nature satisfied the mental desire of the human beings to be assimilated with nature. The formative characteristic presented the new possibility of combination of display with arts through the avant-garde sensation. Sale's room, or the marketing space was to be sublimated to three dimensional art space, which enhanced the image of sale's room, furthermore meeting the demand of moderner's lifestyle.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.358-371
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• 2012

The main purpose of this study was to examine elementary teachers' visual attention that appears in science textbook tables. This paper proposed that teachers' cognitive effectiveness can be different by the presence or absence of the title of tables. The eye fixation data of participants are collected by the eye tracker apparatus. Participants in this study were 10 elementary school teachers and the table on the 2007 revised science textbooks were selected as experimental stimuli. Information about eye-fixations are recorded when subjects are given 4 tables by eye tracker. Eye-fixation time as well as the ratio and the number of fixation can be obtained by using the eye tracker but also we can acquire a significant conclusion through these outcomes. As the result of the experiment, it took less time to interpret in the presence of the title than in the absence of it. However, this result is only effective only for the interpretation of simple stimulus; the presence of title does not influence on fixation time in the analysis of complicated stimulation. This study showed that it is better to insult the title in the tables because it helps teachers to recognize contents of the tables effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of complex theraputic exercise on visual analog scale of pain, shoulder' range of motion for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema. METHODS: The 14 middle-aged women involved voluntary in this study and then they were divided into two groups(n =7 per group). The complex exercise program was implemented over 4 weeks, 60 minutes per day, with 3 types of exercise for stimulation whereas the control group was performed a classical decongestive physiotherapy in a same day. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were estimated; 2 way repeated measures ANOVA was carried out. RESULTS: First, The level of VAS was significantly reduced on time, interaction effect in the group. Second, most factors of ROM were significantly increased on time, interaction effect whereas extension was not significantly increased. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Our results showed that complex therapeutic exercise could improve or maintain VAS and ROM of shoulder joint for middle-aged women with breast cancer related lymphedema.