• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.349-362
• /
• 1998

Seascape means the scenery which is composed around the sea., Seascape has it's own characteristics compared with landscape and has many important roles in our urban life. Nowadays seascape is being destructed by the development in waterfront area and ocean space. Especially the various kind of buildings which are built in coastal area give great visual impact on seascape. But we have rare research on seascape and no guideline for seascape planning. Before any action against destroying seascape the assessment of seascape has to be preceded. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the representative seascapes which are selected from over 300 slides of various seascapes according to the types of seascapes. We used S.D (Semantic Differential) method with 35 adjective pairs in seven scale to evaluate each seascape. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) Seascapes can be classified as natural type and urban type. The natural type can be divided into beach type and rock-island type. 2) Natural type of seascape is more prefered than urban type. 3)Beach type is the most prefered among seascape types. 4) Natural elements of seascape such as sky, water, sand, trees, forest, mountain, open space, waterfront line, are evaluated as 'good' to see but artificial elements, such as buildings, persons, roads, structures, are evaluated 'bad' to see. 5)As a result of factor analysis five factors(axes) are found out. They are 'wildness', 'vividness', 'preference', 'interest', and 'openness'. These factors can be used for evaluting any seascape.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 1997

현재 한라산 국립공원의 경관과 생태계를 보전하기 위하여 관리계획을 수립하고 있다. 국립공원 관리자와 지역주민들은 한라산 경관에 미치는 관리시책의 시각적 영향에 관심이 많다 계획과정에서 가장 중요한 측면의 하나는 제안된 관리시책의 수용여부를 판단할 수 있도록 관리시책의 영향을 정확하게 예측, 평가하는 것이다. 그러므로 국립공원 관리자나 일반대중이 국립공원관리시책의 경관영향을 예측, 평가할 수 있는 간편한 기법과 방법이 필요하다. 제안된 관리시책의 시각적 영향을 CCG 포토몽타쥬 기법에 의해 작성한 합성사진에 나타냈고 설문응답자들은 이 합성사진들을 7점 SD 척도로 평가했다. 이 연구를 통하여 CCG 포토몽타쥬 기법의 실용성, 훼손지 복구의 필요성, 제안된 복구시책의 타당성 등이 파악되었다. 이 연구에서 사용된 경관예측기법과 연구결과는 관리계획을 수립하고 그 계획과정에 주민을 참여시키는데 도움을 줄 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology of bioregional approach for coastal area management as a basis for planning and design. Focusing on the bioregional approach, this study reviewed currently prevailing approaches such as watershed approach and ecological unit approach for planning and management purposes. This research placed its geographical focus on the landward watershed of the Bay of Hampyong located in Chonnam Province, dealing efficiently with shortcomings of existing researches which mainly covered seaward tidal flats without considering outside effects. The main methods of the study are classified into indoor computerized map analysis and field work. For computer analysis, printed maps and digital maps have been analysed, and GIS techniques have been utilized for its synthesis and finalizations. Field work included on-site landscape analysis and verification of a tentative place unit boundary. As a practical step, criteria for classifying bioregion were presented and the selected criteria included : topography & water ways ; roads & administrative boundaries ; habitat types ; and visual enclosure. First, based on the data of topography and water ways, broad classification work was performed and corrections were made based on data drawn out from other criteria. A tentative place unit map was drawn and revised through field visits. This study encompassed an initial but integral part for bioregional approach in landward watershed management of a coastal area. As results of the study, the necessity and efficiency of bioregional approach which considers environmental and cultural components systematically have been presented.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to establish the more rational and practical basic theory for the landscape planning in the aparment complex. In this study, the actual conditions of exterior space, the residens' satisfaction degree and the correlation between exterior space and the residents' satisfaction defree were investigated and analyzed on the 13apartment complexes in Taegu City. Through the statistical analysis, the main results were obtained as fellows : It was found that the size of green area ratio in the apartment complexes were in the order of Jugong Apt. (Korean Housing Corporation), Siyoung Apt. (City Operation), Minyoung high-rise Apt. (Private Business) and Minyoung low-rise Apt. (Private Business) complex. The highest ratio of footway and Parking area were shown in Minyoung high-rise Apt. complex. The important factors at the exterior space of apartment complex were composed by 6 major factors, importance degrees of which are Visual, Practical, Convenient, Sentimental, Recreational and Spatial factors for teenagers in orders. The residents' satisfaction degrees to the exterior space were highly correlated with the spatil organization, size of green area and quantity of trees, view, management situation, defensibility of outside noise, rest place, water landscapings by turns. In order to get more than the average satisfaction degree 18 exterior space, the green area should be occupied by 35% of the apartment complex area and more than 76% of the green area (i. e. 16% of the apartment complex area) should be planted with trees. In the Taegu City regulation, the ratio of tree composition is proposed for only the number of tree. But it was shown that the satifaction degree are more correlated with the species and afforestation of trees than the nuts her of trees in this study. therefore, the species of tree and the afforestation of tree should be considered when the landscape planning of the apartment complex begins. It was found that the ratio of afforestation to make the more desirable exterior space In the apartment complex shoule be 8 to 2 in the ratio of arbor to shrub. It was also required that 30 species of arbor and 15 species of shrub should be planted for the more desirable landscape of the apartment complex.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 경관이 발생하는 조망점에서 체험되는 시각특성과 그 조망점에서의 경관체헝을 극적으로 이끄는 지리 구조를 양산시에 소재하고 있는 산지 경관의 사례 연구를 통하여 밝현 것이며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 양산시 소재 6개의 산을 대상으로 그 산을 체험할 수 있는 조망점을 40개소 선정하였다. 이들 조망점에서 파악된 산지경관 조망점에서 조망대상이 중거리역에 주로 분포하고 있으며, 시각크기는 산과 대변하는 느낌을 주는 앙각 11${\sim}13^{\circ}$, 시야 전체를 차지하고 광대한 인상을 주는 수평각 50${\sim}90^{\circ}$라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 양산시에서는 도시민이 산의 느낄 수 있는 거리대에서 대면적 관계로 산지경관을 지각하고 있다. 이어서 인상적인 경관체험을 유발하는 조망점의 지리 구조를 8개 의 유형으로 분류하였으며, 그 특성을 고찰하였다. 산이 건물이나 길가의 수목 등의 주변 환경이 만들어낸 좁고 긴 선형의 공간을 형성하는 회랑형이 7개소, 또 산을 교량 또는 고가도로의 하부나 터널을 지날 때 가려졌던 시야와 빛이 열리면서 체험하게 되는 터널형이 2개 소, 산세를 따라 굽이지는 길의 마지막에 나타나는 미로형이 4개소, 교차로에서 방향을 전환하거나 건물이나 산자락을 끼고 돌 때 동선방향이 바뀌는 순간 나타나는 모롱이형이 8개소, 오르막 경사의 마루에서 나타나는 고개마루형이 3개소, 산이 관찰자와 같은 진행방향으로 길게 누워져 있을 때 차창에 지속적으로 나타나는 평행형이 4개소, 고립되어 있는 산파 형태인 대변형이 5개소, 마을, 도시 등의 지역 경제나 교량, 광장과 같은 주요 지점을 지날 때 나타났다. 산지 경관이 인상적으로 체험되기 위해서는 조망점뿐 아니라 그곳으로 다가가는 지리구조도 아울러 중요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 성과는 산지경관의 관리 및 보존과 경관자원도 등 경관영향평가의 기초자료를 수집하는 기초 자료가 될 것이다. 또 경관도로의 정비 등에도 응용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 다양한 야간경관의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 아이트래킹 평가 방법과 경관 형용사 평가 방법의 비교를 통하여 시지각적 경관 지각에 대한 이해를 높이고, 경관 평가 영역을 확장하기 위한 연구논문이다. 연구 결과, 캠퍼스 야간경관을 대상으로 한 아이트래킹 평가 결과에서는 '눈 깜빡임 수(Blink count)', '눈 응시 시간(Fixation duration) 평균', '시선의 급격한 이동시간(Saccade duration) 평균'과 경관 형용사 중 '아름다운', '흥미로운', '접근성이 높은', '만족하는', '안전한' 형용사와 유의미한 상관관계가 있음이 검증되었다. 또한, 캠퍼스 야간경관의 관심지역 분석 및 비교에서는 경관 특성별 관심영역이 달라지는 경향성을 파악하였으며, 특히 '문', '표지판' 등 특수 경관 요소에 집중하여 시선이 고정되는 것으로 도출되었다. 이상의 결과들을 통하여 아이트래킹 분석 방법이 '경관 요소'에 대한 평가를 구체화시킬 수 있는 효율적인 도구라고 판단하였으며, 기존 개념으로만 제시되었던 경관 선호 이론들을 뒷받침할 수 있는 근거로 활용될 수 있다는 측면도 의미 있는 결과라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이처럼 객관적인 경관 평가 기법으로서 아이트래킹의 다양한 활용 가능성을 제안하였으며, 지속적인 연구 결과의 축적으로 경관계획에 구체적인 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2018

As high-rise buildings came in, the landscape of rural areas and natural landscapes often got damaged. Therefore, this study aims to prevent this, grasp the extent of the influence of the surrounding landscape, to grasp the range of height that can be permitted and present the direction of landscape management of agriculture and natural landscape. This study tried to grasp the range of height by using price sensitivity analysis method for two apartment and apartment complex which entered DangJin city and SeoSan city. First, in the case of a two apartment, the range of the height allowable section was from the 6th floor to the 11th floor in close range view, and it was a section from the 7th floor to the 12th floor in medium range view. In the case of the apartment complex, the range of the height allowable range was from the 10th floor to the 17th floor in close range view, the 9th floor to the 16th floor in medium range view. The stress index was found to be positive in a two apartment in close range view, and in the apartment complex case. therefore it was better to set it to a lower in the Range of Acceptable Height(RAH). Second, it showed no difference in the sensitivity of landscape to gender. Thirdly, the results of the landscape sensitivity analysis of major and non-major showed the difference in the medium range view picture of the apartment complex. Majors are lower than the point of minimum height(PMinH) than non-Majors. In the case of major, the stress index was 1.4. it turned out that it was better to make a decision closer to point of minimum height (PMinH). In the case of non-major, the stress index was -1.3. it was also able to accept decision close to the point of maximum height (PMaxH). Since the results of the above research gave changes only in the variable of the height of the landscape, we can not grasp the point of interaction with other variables, and future research is considered necessary.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 1993

The importance of urban and regional natural park increases because of the needs for preserving the natural resources and providing with natural recreation space in nature. This planning of natural park management should be established based on the research of the various natural resources in the park. But for the lack of effective data synthesizing methods and concepts, only some restricted factors for zoning plan are considered even though GIS computer system for large complex simulation is used. Therefore, in this study three ecological zoning models such as Basic Factor Model (BFM), Visual Landscape Model (VLM) and Comprehensive Ecological Model (CEM) are proposed and applied to Byounsan Peninsula Nature Park(BPNP) for comparison with the current natural park zoning. The BFM has three components -elevation, slope and vegetation. The VLM has applied with six components -elevation, slope, vegetation, road type, and the visual distance. Finally the CEM's modelling factors have included all of BFM, VLM components are added with the land use type, nature and historic resource factors. The zoning concept of BPNP was based on "Minimization" focused on the specific factors. But introduced modelling concept is "Optimization" based on the total ecological environment. So the result of the modelling has larger area for preservation and development zoning compared with the current zoning whose characteristics are ambiguous which allows the environmental destruction. The future study issues will be the determination of the weighting factor, component reconsideration based on the ground truth data and the agriculture residential area zoning.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out how the urban landscape of Korea, especially Seoul, changed during the last half century since 1945. The modernization of Korea, which had begun in 1960's after the chaotic period caused by Korean War, influenced the rapid growth of cities and the radical changes of its structures. But the Western-minded planning theories based on rationalism and positivism was directly applied in developing our traditional cities and consequently the modern urban landscape including urban pattern, architectural style, and commercial and residential landscape revealed disharmony, discrepancy and inconsistency in skylines, streetscape and so on. The findings are summarized as follows. 1. Because the urban structure and pattern changed in undesirable manner in terms of land use and traffic circulation, cities as a whole resulted in exclusive and heterogeneous landscape, and citizens lost their identity and felt alienated. 2. Because the architectural forms of important and monumental buildings which influenced the character of streetscape were not so successful in inventing contemporary Korean Style in true sense, we still have difficulty in creating the urban landscape of originality and legibility. 3. Because from the beginning of this era almost all highrise buildings were designed by modernism-oriented western architects, the commercial landscape of central cities did not evoke a sense of place, and after the introduction of postmodernism this tendency is ore striking even in everyday ordinary streetscape. 4. The newly formed residential landscape which was mainly composed of highly dense and highrise apartment, not only evolved very overwhelming and ugly visual impact but also exposed many social problems in living condition, neighboring and face-to-face contact. In conclusion, in ordr to define the 'Koreanness' of our urban landscape, we have to struggle to combine traditional architectural heritage and native townscape with Western shape, thought and theory, no matter how difficult it may be.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to present a new orientation for the residential culture that can meet the shifting demands of modern people as their attitudes toward life change. One of the rural regions that has lately attracted considerable attention, Wonsam-myun, Yongin city, is selected as the residence zone to develop a housing complex. In this study, a new housing complex is designed to supplement the defects of existing housing complexes by making the utmost use of the merits that Wonsam-myun as a residential environment can offer. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. To present a new Korean model, yellow soil houses and traditional trees were used to utilize Korea's traditional landscape beauty in the construction and landscape aspect, instead of imitating indiscreetly foreign styles in which most newly developed housing complexes were built. 2. To provide convenience to prospective residents, a package sales scheme covering from lot purchase to building permit was adopted. 3. As for the planting plan, existing plants was preserved as much as possible to keep harmony with new plants. In selecting plant types, a traditional method that emphasizes on the visual effects of aesthetic plants and shade trees with the change of seasons and plants various kinds of plants according to directions was adopted. 4. Each household was given the opportunity to design its own garden according to the family's preference and taste. 5. The advantages of a rural area that city does not offer were fully utilized to provide the residents with convenience and pleasure of living.