• Title/Summary/Keyword: Visual Inspection System

Search Result 341, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Quantitative Deterioration and Maintenance Profiles of Typical Steel Bridges based on Response Surface Method (응답면 기법을 이용한 강교의 열화 및 보수보강 정량화 이력 모델)

  • Park, Seung-Hyun;Park, Kyung Hoon;Kim, Hee Joong;Kong, Jung-Sik
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.28 no.6A
    • /
    • pp.765-778
    • /
    • 2008
  • Performance Profiles are essential to predict the performance variation over time for the bridge management system (BMS) based on risk management. In general, condition profiles based on experts opinion and/or visual inspection records have been used widely because obtaining profiles based on real performance is not easy. However, those condition profiles usually don't give a good consistency to the safety of bridges, causing practical problems for the effective bridge management. The accuracy of performance evaluation is directly related to the accuracy of BMS. The reliability of the evaluation is important to produce the optimal solution for distributing maintenance budget reasonably. However, conventional methods of bridge assessment are not suitable for a more sophisticated decision making procedure. In this study, a method to compute quantitative performance profiles has been proposed to overcome the limitations of those conventional models. In Bridge Management Systems, the main role of performance profiles is to compute and predict the performance of bridges subject to lifetime activities with uncertainty. Therefore, the computation time for obtaining an optimal maintenance scenario is closely related to the efficiency of the performance profile. In this study, the Response Surface Method (RSM) based on independent and important design variables is developed for the rapid computation. Steel box bridges have been investigated because the number of independent design variables can be reduced significantly due to the high dependency between design variables.

Diversity of Insect Fauna in Junam Wetland of Korea (주남 습지대의 곤충다양성)

  • Ahn, Soo Jeong;Chiluwal, Kashinath;Choi, Sung Hwan;Park, Chung Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.56 no.2
    • /
    • pp.135-145
    • /
    • 2017
  • A sampling survey was conducted at three reservoirs of Junam wetland ($6.02km^2$) in Korea to identify the wetland insect fauna along with their dominance, diversity, richness and evenness. Methods of monitoring were visual inspection and sweeping in 2010, Malaise trapping in 2011, light trapping and pitfall trapping in 2012. In total, 9,269 individuals (36.3% coleopterans, 21.3% lepidopterans and 13.9% odonates) were collected, belonging to 574 species, 141 families and 14 orders. For the number of species, lepidopterans shared the highest (31.2%), followed by coleopterans (28.0%) and hemipterans (12.9%). Dominant species were Enochrus simulans (Coleoptera) (7.9% of total individuals) followed by Hydaticus grammicus (Coleoptera) (4.3%), Galerucella nipponensis (Coleoptera) (4.1%), Elophila interruptalis (Lepidoptera) (3.1%) and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera) (2.2%). Total counts of coleopterans, lepidopterans and odonates in the three reservoirs were quite high, but the counts were not significantly different among the reservoirs. Insect diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) of the Junam wetland were 5.04 and 59.10, respectively.

The effect of a titanium socket with a zirconia abutment on screw loosening after thermocycling in an internally connected implant: a preliminary study (내부연결 임플란트용 타이타늄 소켓을 이용한 지르코니아 지대주에서 열순환이 나사풀림에 미치는 영향: 예비연구)

  • Kyung, Kyu-Young;Cha, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Joo-Hee
    • Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.114-118
    • /
    • 2017
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a titanium component for the zirconia abutment in the internal connection implant system on screw loosening under thermocycling conditions. Materials and Methods: Internal connection titanium abutments and external connection zirconia abutments with titanium sockets were connected respectively to screw-shaped internal connection type titanium implants with 30 Ncm tightening. These implant-screw-abutment assemblies were divided into two groups of five specimens each; titanium abutments as control and zirconia abutments with titanium sockets as experimental group. The specimens were subjected to 2,000 thermocycles in water baths at $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, with 60 seconds of immersion at each temperature. The removal torque values (RTVs) of the abutment screws of the specimen were measured before and after thermocycling. RTVs pre- and post-thermocycling were investigated in statistics. Results: There was not screw loosening identified by tactile and visual inspection in any of the specimens during or after thermocycling. The mean RTV difference for the control group and the experimental group were $-1.34{\pm}2.53Ncm$ and $-1.26{\pm}2.06Ncm$, respectively. Statistical analysis using an independent t-test revealed that no significant differences were found in the mean RTV difference of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the titanium socket for the zirconia abutment did not show a significant effect on screw loosening under thermal stress compared to the titanium abutment in the internal connection implant.

Number of Trials for the Reliable Golf Swing Ground Reaction Force Data Collection and Its Characteristics (골프 드라이버스윙 시 지면반력 반복측정 횟수와 지면반력 특성)

  • Park, Young-Hoon;Youm, Chang-Hong;Seo, Kuk-Woong;Seo, Kook-Eun
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.115-125
    • /
    • 2007
  • Grould Reaction force(GRF) is important in human movements and GRF measurements are one of the most frequently used tool in biomechanical studies. In the studies of the golf swing motion, people refer to GRF as weight transfer. A successful golf swing motion requires many segments activation sequences which are controled by the nerve system. Due to the inter- and intra-individual variability of the human movement and the movement strategies, reliability of the measurements are important in human movement studies. Previous golf researches were based on group studies and certain events' values were analyzed. The purposes of this study were to determine the number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection, to reveal the variability level of the meaningful components of the golf swing GRF, and to classify the types of the golf swing GRF patterns. Twenty three male professional golfers($26.4{\pm}6.6$ years, $174.3{\pm}5.2\;cm$, $71.3{\pm}6.5\;kg$) signed an informed consent form prior to participation in this study. GRFs of driver swings were collected with Kistler 9285 force platform and 9865A amplifier, and calculated by the KwonGRF program(Visol, Korea). Sampling frequency was 1080 Hz. GRF data were trimmed from 1.5 s prior to the impact to 0.5 s after the impact. The number of trials for the reliable GRF collection was determined when the change in floating mean overs the 25 % of the standard deviation of that variable. Variabilities of the variables were determined by the coefficient of variation(CV) of 10 %. The types of GRF patterns were determined by visual inspection of the peak GRF shapes. The minimum number of trials for the reliable golf swing GRF data collection was five. Ten-trial seems more conservative. The value of the peak GRF was more reliable than the value of the impact GRF. The CV of the peak GRF and impact GRF were 7.4 %, 15.2 %, respectively. Because of the +/- sigh of the peak GRF appearance time, it was impossible to calculate CV of the peak GRF appearance time. Golf swing GRF patterns were classified as sing peak type, double peak type, and plateau peak type. This classification suggests the presence of the different golf swing weight transfer strategies.

Damage Evaluation of Track Components for Sleeper Floating Track System in Urban Transit (도시철도 침목플로팅궤도 궤도구성품의 손상평가)

  • Choi, Jung-Youl;Kim, Hak-Seon;Han, Kyung-Sung;Jang, Cheol-Ju;Chung, Jee-Seung
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
    • /
    • v.5 no.4
    • /
    • pp.387-394
    • /
    • 2019
  • In this study, in order to evaluate the damage and deterioration of the track components of sleeper floating track (STEDEF), the field samples(specimens) were taken from the serviced line over 20 years old, and the track components were visually inspected, and investigated by laboratory tests and finite element analysis. As a result of visual inspection, the damage of the rail pad and fastener was slight, but the rubber boot was worn and torn at the edges of bottom. The resilience pads were clearly examined for thickness reduction and fatigue hardening layer. As a result of spring stiffness test of rail pad and resilience pad, the deterioration of rail pad was insignificant, but the deterioration of resilience pad exceeded design standard value. Therefore resilience pad was directly affected by train passing tonnage. As a result of comparing the deterioration state of the field sample and the numerical analysis result, the stress and displacement concentration position of the finite element model and the damage position of the field sample were coincident.

Image-Based Automatic Bridge Component Classification Using Deep Learning (딥러닝을 활용한 이미지 기반 교량 구성요소 자동분류 네트워크 개발)

  • Cho, Munwon;Lee, Jae Hyuk;Ryu, Young-Moo;Park, Jeongjun;Yoon, Hyungchul
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.41 no.6
    • /
    • pp.751-760
    • /
    • 2021
  • Most bridges in Korea are over 20 years old, and many problems linked to their deterioration are being reported. The current practice for bridge inspection mainly depends on expert evaluation, which can be subjective. Recent studies have introduced data-driven methods using building information modeling, which can be more efficient and objective, but these methods require manual procedures that consume time and money. To overcome this, this study developed an image-based automaticbridge component classification network to reduce the time and cost required for converting the visual information of bridges to a digital model. The proposed method comprises two convolutional neural networks. The first network estimates the type of the bridge based on the superstructure, and the second network classifies the bridge components. In avalidation test, the proposed system automatically classified the components of 461 bridge images with 96.6 % of accuracy. The proposed approach is expected to contribute toward current bridge maintenance practice.

Applying Meta-model Formalization of Part-Whole Relationship to UML: Experiment on Classification of Aggregation and Composition (UML의 부분-전체 관계에 대한 메타모델 형식화 이론의 적용: 집합연관 및 복합연관 판별 실험)

  • Kim, Taekyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.99-118
    • /
    • 2015
  • Object-oriented programming languages have been widely selected for developing modern information systems. The use of concepts relating to object-oriented (OO, in short) programming has reduced efforts of reusing pre-existing codes, and the OO concepts have been proved to be a useful in interpreting system requirements. In line with this, we have witnessed that a modern conceptual modeling approach supports features of object-oriented programming. Unified Modeling Language or UML becomes one of de-facto standards for information system designers since the language provides a set of visual diagrams, comprehensive frameworks and flexible expressions. In a modeling process, UML users need to consider relationships between classes. Based on an explicit and clear representation of classes, the conceptual model from UML garners necessarily attributes and methods for guiding software engineers. Especially, identifying an association between a class of part and a class of whole is included in the standard grammar of UML. The representation of part-whole relationship is natural in a real world domain since many physical objects are perceived as part-whole relationship. In addition, even abstract concepts such as roles are easily identified by part-whole perception. It seems that a representation of part-whole in UML is reasonable and useful. However, it should be admitted that the use of UML is limited due to the lack of practical guidelines on how to identify a part-whole relationship and how to classify it into an aggregate- or a composite-association. Research efforts on developing the procedure knowledge is meaningful and timely in that misleading perception to part-whole relationship is hard to be filtered out in an initial conceptual modeling thus resulting in deterioration of system usability. The current method on identifying and classifying part-whole relationships is mainly counting on linguistic expression. This simple approach is rooted in the idea that a phrase of representing has-a constructs a par-whole perception between objects. If the relationship is strong, the association is classified as a composite association of part-whole relationship. In other cases, the relationship is an aggregate association. Admittedly, linguistic expressions contain clues for part-whole relationships; therefore, the approach is reasonable and cost-effective in general. Nevertheless, it does not cover concerns on accuracy and theoretical legitimacy. Research efforts on developing guidelines for part-whole identification and classification has not been accumulated sufficient achievements to solve this issue. The purpose of this study is to provide step-by-step guidelines for identifying and classifying part-whole relationships in the context of UML use. Based on the theoretical work on Meta-model Formalization, self-check forms that help conceptual modelers work on part-whole classes are developed. To evaluate the performance of suggested idea, an experiment approach was adopted. The findings show that UML users obtain better results with the guidelines based on Meta-model Formalization compared to a natural language classification scheme conventionally recommended by UML theorists. This study contributed to the stream of research effort about part-whole relationships by extending applicability of Meta-model Formalization. Compared to traditional approaches that target to establish criterion for evaluating a result of conceptual modeling, this study expands the scope to a process of modeling. Traditional theories on evaluation of part-whole relationship in the context of conceptual modeling aim to rule out incomplete or wrong representations. It is posed that qualification is still important; but, the lack of consideration on providing a practical alternative may reduce appropriateness of posterior inspection for modelers who want to reduce errors or misperceptions about part-whole identification and classification. The findings of this study can be further developed by introducing more comprehensive variables and real-world settings. In addition, it is highly recommended to replicate and extend the suggested idea of utilizing Meta-model formalization by creating different alternative forms of guidelines including plugins for integrated development environments.

Steel Plate Faults Diagnosis with S-MTS (S-MTS를 이용한 강판의 표면 결함 진단)

  • Kim, Joon-Young;Cha, Jae-Min;Shin, Junguk;Yeom, Choongsub
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.47-67
    • /
    • 2017
  • Steel plate faults is one of important factors to affect the quality and price of the steel plates. So far many steelmakers generally have used visual inspection method that could be based on an inspector's intuition or experience. Specifically, the inspector checks the steel plate faults by looking the surface of the steel plates. However, the accuracy of this method is critically low that it can cause errors above 30% in judgment. Therefore, accurate steel plate faults diagnosis system has been continuously required in the industry. In order to meet the needs, this study proposed a new steel plate faults diagnosis system using Simultaneous MTS (S-MTS), which is an advanced Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) algorithm, to classify various surface defects of the steel plates. MTS has generally been used to solve binary classification problems in various fields, but MTS was not used for multiclass classification due to its low accuracy. The reason is that only one mahalanobis space is established in the MTS. In contrast, S-MTS is suitable for multi-class classification. That is, S-MTS establishes individual mahalanobis space for each class. 'Simultaneous' implies comparing mahalanobis distances at the same time. The proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system was developed in four main stages. In the first stage, after various reference groups and related variables are defined, data of the steel plate faults is collected and used to establish the individual mahalanobis space per the reference groups and construct the full measurement scale. In the second stage, the mahalanobis distances of test groups is calculated based on the established mahalanobis spaces of the reference groups. Then, appropriateness of the spaces is verified by examining the separability of the mahalanobis diatances. In the third stage, orthogonal arrays and Signal-to-Noise (SN) ratio of dynamic type are applied for variable optimization. Also, Overall SN ratio gain is derived from the SN ratio and SN ratio gain. If the derived overall SN ratio gain is negative, it means that the variable should be removed. However, the variable with the positive gain may be considered as worth keeping. Finally, in the fourth stage, the measurement scale that is composed of selected useful variables is reconstructed. Next, an experimental test should be implemented to verify the ability of multi-class classification and thus the accuracy of the classification is acquired. If the accuracy is acceptable, this diagnosis system can be used for future applications. Also, this study compared the accuracy of the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system with that of other popular classification algorithms including Decision Tree, Multi Perception Neural Network (MLPNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Tree Bagger Random Forest, Grid Search (GS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The steel plates faults dataset used in the study is taken from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository. As a result, the proposed steel plate faults diagnosis system based on S-MTS shows 90.79% of classification accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed diagnosis system is 6-27% higher than MLPNN, LR, GS, GA and PSO. Based on the fact that the accuracy of commercial systems is only about 75-80%, it means that the proposed system has enough classification performance to be applied in the industry. In addition, the proposed system can reduce the number of measurement sensors that are installed in the fields because of variable optimization process. These results show that the proposed system not only can have a good ability on the steel plate faults diagnosis but also reduce operation and maintenance cost. For our future work, it will be applied in the fields to validate actual effectiveness of the proposed system and plan to improve the accuracy based on the results.

Creation of Actual CCTV Surveillance Map Using Point Cloud Acquired by Mobile Mapping System (MMS 점군 데이터를 이용한 CCTV의 실질적 감시영역 추출)

  • Choi, Wonjun;Park, Soyeon;Choi, Yoonjo;Hong, Seunghwan;Kim, Namhoon;Sohn, Hong-Gyoo
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
    • /
    • v.37 no.5_3
    • /
    • pp.1361-1371
    • /
    • 2021
  • Among smart city services, the crime and disaster prevention sector accounted for the highest 24% in 2018. The most important platform for providing real-time situation information is CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television). Therefore, it is essential to create the actual CCTV surveillance coverage to maximize the usability of CCTV. However, the amount of CCTV installed in Korea exceeds one million units, including those operated by the local government, and manual identification of CCTV coverage is a time-consuming and inefficient process. This study proposed a method to efficiently construct CCTV's actual surveillance coverage and reduce the time required for the decision-maker to manage the situation. For this purpose, first, the exterior orientation parameters and focal lengths of the pre-installed CCTV cameras, which are difficult to access, were calculated using the point cloud data of the MMS (Mobile Mapping System), and the FOV (Field of View) was calculated accordingly. Second, using the FOV result calculated in the first step, CCTV's actual surveillance coverage area was constructed with 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 10 m grid interval considering the occluded regions caused by the buildings. As a result of applying our approach to 5 CCTV images located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsnagbuk-do the average re-projection error was about 9.31 pixels. The coordinate difference between calculated CCTV and location obtained from MMS was about 1.688 m on average. When the grid length was 3 m, the surveillance coverage calculated through our research matched the actual surveillance obtained from visual inspection with a minimum of 70.21% to a maximum of 93.82%.

Evaluation of Dark Spots Formated on the High Temperature Metal Filter Elements (고온 금속필터 element 표면에 생성된 반점에 대한 평가)

  • Park, Seung-Chul;Hwang, Tae-Won;Moon, Chan-Kook
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
    • /
    • v.6 no.3
    • /
    • pp.171-178
    • /
    • 2008
  • Metal filter elements were newly introduced to the high temperature filter(HTF) system in the low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste vitrification plant. In order to evaluate the performance of various metal materials as filter media, elements made of AISI 316L, AISI 904L, and Inconel 600 were included to the test set of filter elements. At the visual inspection to the elements performed after completion of each test, a few dark spots were observed on the surface of some elements. Especially they were found much more at the AISI 316L elements than others. To check the dark spots are the corrosion phenomena or not, two kinds of analyses were performed to the tested filter elements. Firstly, the surfaces or the cross sections of filter specimens cut out from both normal area and dark spot area of elements were analyzed by SEM/EDS. The results showed that the dark spots were not evidences of corrosion but the deposition of sodium, sulfur and silica compounds volatilized from waste or molten glass. Secondly, the ring tensile strength were analyzed for the ring-shape filter specimens cut out from each kind of element. The result obtained from the strength tested showed no evidence of corrosion as well. Conclusionally, depending on the two kinds of analysis, no evidences of corrosion were found at the tested metal filter elements. But the dark spots formed on the surface could reduce the effective filtering area and increase the overall pressure drop of HTF system. Thus, continuous heating inside filter housing up to dew point will be required normally. And a few long-period test should be followed for the exact evaluation of corrosion of the metal filter elements.

  • PDF