• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.705-713
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to predict human visual target search using ACT-R cognitive architecture in real scene images. Background: Human uses both the method of bottom-up and top-down process at the same time using characteristics of image itself and knowledge about images. Modeling of human visual search also needs to include both processes. Method: In this study, visual target object search performance in real scene images was analyzed comparing experimental data and result of ACT-R model. 10 students participated in this experiment and the model was simulated ten times. This experiment was conducted in two conditions, indoor images and outdoor images. The ACT-R model considering the first saccade region through calculating the saliency map and spatial layout was established. Proposed model in this study used the guide of visual search and adopted visual search strategies according to the guide. Results: In the analysis results, no significant difference on performance time between model prediction and empirical data was found. Conclusion: The proposed ACT-R model is able to predict the human visual search process in real scene images using salience map and spatial layout. Application: This study is useful in conducting model-based evaluation in visual search, particularly in real images. Also, this study is able to adopt in diverse image processing program such as helper of the visually impaired.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to propose cognitive ecological effects of fractal patterns in space design. This study investigated the perception and cognition problems regarding landscape patterns showing fractal properties from the cognitive perspective instead of the traditional speculative approach. In particular, the researcher has verified that fractal geometry theory and fractal pattern concept provide insight in space aesthetic values and cognitive effects. Research results are as follows. First, most environmentally-friendly fractal urban forms provide cognitive connectivity. In particular, this space provides a positive emotional response and preference to humans and displays self-organized complexity. This study found that such complexity of space form has characteristics corresponding to parallel cognitive structures of the human brain. Simultaneously, the researcher suggests that the fractal landscape pattern is an alternative for stiff and homogenized modern space. Second, fractal patterns provide hierarchical connectivity within the brain through continuous difference and repetition. In particular, self-similarities of fractal patterns administer significant visual grouping and coherence in human perception. It can be determined whether scaling coherence facilitates easier organization in cognitive organization. Third, fractal patterns in space design provide the basic method for achieving the connection between concept, construction, and urban factors. As a result, the researcher has suggested that scale distribution of geometrical factors, such as fractal patterns, an be a design method to connect various space typologies.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2000

운전자에게 자동차에 관련된 중요한 시각적 정보는 주로 계기반을 통해 제공되어 진다. 이런 계기반이 시인/시계성을 고려하여 설계되어 졌을 때, 운전자는 주행중에 시야 확보 및 자동차 관련 시각정보들을 신속하고 정확하게 인지할 수 있게 된다. 즉 계기반은 운전자의 과제 수행도와 직접적인 관계를 갖는다고 볼 수 있으며, 운전자-자동차간의 상호작용에 관여하는 중요한 장치라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 외국의 경우는 계기반의 형태와 특성 및 색상까지를 고려한 다방면의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 현재 대부분의 차종이 Analog display의 형태를 따르고 있지만, 위치에 대한 명확한 표준이 없이 각기 다른 형태 및 배치를 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구는 계기반 주요 Object(속도계, 타코미터, 연료계, 온도계)의 배치특성에 대한 운전자의 선호도여부와 계기반 Object의 위치가 운전자에게 영향을 주는 요인여부에 관하여, 본 실험실에서 제작한 평가도구(VISVEC System)를 사용하여 실험하였다. 실험결과로 피험자가 선호하는 배열특성이 인지정확도 여부에 미치는 영향과의 연관성은 볼 수 없었으나, 계기반의 주요 Object는 각각의 영역을 갖는 것이 Visual 정보 인지에 용이하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제19권9호
• /
• pp.1738-1746
• /
• 2016

This study is on moving images among the various media created by the screen-based image media in the multimedia age. Moving images shown in the image media are reinterpreted in various forms and are necessary to have a conceptual definition as expression media to meet the changes. Therefore, the study identified the conceptual definition of moving images from the perspective of objects, and subdivided them into the visual cognitive area to satisfy the recent characteristics of visual media. It also suggested the guidelines required for analyzing the image media based on the results of the case analysis of 8 different works.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 1998

The purposes of this study were to ascertain differences of the sensory system, central processing system, effector system, and balance ability according to general characteristics (sex, fall experience, and age), and to identify the contributions of the sensory, central processing, and effector system to balance ability in 83 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects were elderly (over 60 years) who live in Wonju City. All subjects participated in six tests (position sense test, visual acuity, vestibular stepping test, Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korea, strength of dorsiflexors, and Berg Balance Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the six tests according to sex showed that vestibular function was significantly better in women than in men. But visual acuity, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability were significantly better in men than in women (p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in position sense, visual acuity, vestibular function, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability between fallers and non-fallers (p>0.05). 3. However, the results of the six tests according to age (group A: 60-69 years, group B: 70-79 years, group C: 80-89 years) showed significant differences in five tests. In the Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, position sense, visual acuity, and cognitive function showed significantly different results between in group A and group C: the strength of the dorsiflexors was significantly different between in group A and group B, and balance ability was significantly different between in group A and group C, and between in group B and group C (p<0.05). 4. Cognitive function and position sense were positively associated with balance ability. Their power of explanation regarding balance ability was 38% (p<0.05). These results suggest that cognitive function and position sense play an important role in balance ability. This would seem to suggest that programs for evaluation or improvement of elderly's balance ability in the elderly should consider cognitive function and position sense.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제43권6호
• /
• pp.981-1001
• /
• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 관광지도에서 다양한 형태로 제작 사용되고 있는 점기호들의 상징수준과 선호도에 나타난 인지적 특성을 커뮤니케이션의 측면에서 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 지도제작자가 의도한 점기호의 의미와 이용자에 의한 해석의 일치 정도를 고려하여 이들의 상징수준을 검토하고, 선호경향을 파악하여 기호를 처리하는 과정에서 발생하는 인지적 특성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 점기호는 시각적 형상을 구체적으로 표현하며 그 방식에 있어 간결성이 있고 사전 학습 및 시각경험에 의한 친숙성이 있을 때, 기호의 의미와 해석이 일치되는 높은 상징수준을 보였다. 또 상징수준이 높은 기호일수록 선호되는 경향이 나타나며, 이를 통해 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인이 시각적 경험에 의한 친숙성, 표현방식의 간결성, 표현된 형상의 구체성, 시각화한 속성의 대표성임을 추론할 수 있었다. 이들 선호결정 요인은 복합적으로 작용하나 대체로 친숙성이 간결성보다 우선하였다. 이처럼 정보를 시각화하는 방식과 이미지로 표현된 내용, 인지적인 측면에서의 친근함이 상징수준과 선호도의 상대적 차이를 만들었다. 효율적인 지도읽기를 위해 점기호 처리과정에서 드러난 인지적 특성을 고려하여 보다 상징수준이 높은 관광지도의 기호가 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.453-481
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 시각작업기억의 표상 특성에 대해 상반되는 주장을 펼치고 있는 고정해상도 슬롯 모형과 탄력적 자원 모형을 개관하고, 두 모형 간 상충을 해소하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 강조하였다. 이를 위해 고정해상도 슬롯과 탄력적 자원 모형을 태동시킨 객체 및 병렬 저장 가설을 살펴보고 두 모형의 상반되는 주장에 대한 이론적 근거를 소개하였다. 다음으로 두 모형을 지지한 구체적인 연구 사례를 통해 경험적 지지 증거의 객관성을 평가하고 관련 신경생리학적 모형에 대한 이해를 시도하였다. 마지막으로 두 모형 간의 상충을 해소하기 위한 이론적 그리고 방법론적 재고와 이를 달성하기 위한 수렴적 증거 확보의 필요성을 강조하였다.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to develop wearable products with visual and auditory feedback aimed at promoting exercise interest in children. Here we determined the theoretical characteristics of cognitive and motor function development during childhood, empirical characteristics of children's motor functions, and factors that encourage exercise using natural observation and in-depth interview research methods. The questionnaire assessed children's motor ability, intensively trained body parts in sports programs, types of training or classes that improve the motor ability of each muscle group, significantly considered aspects of children's sports programs, and factors that promote children's interest in exercise. Our results suggest that the development of sport programs comprising varied exercise options that enhance body and limb movements are needed for balanced growth. Furthermore, it is very important to provide motivation for regular exercise and appropriate feedback, such as praise and encouragement, to maintain interest in exercise. This study identifies the standards for developing products that peak children's interest in exercise and the basis for a physically and mentally healthy society.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.105-120
• /
• 2020

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments, patients with ASD frequently manifest atypical sensory behaviors. Recently, atypical sensory perception in ASD has received much attention, yet little is known about its cause or neurobiology. Herein, we review the findings from neuroimaging studies related to visual perception in ASD. Specifically, we examined the neural underpinnings of visual detection, motion perception, and face processing in ASD. Results from neuroimaging studies indicate that atypical visual perception in ASD may be influenced by attention or higher order cognitive mechanisms, and atypical face perception may be affected by disrupted social brain network. However, there is considerable evidence for atypical early visual processing in ASD. It is likely that visual perceptual abnormalities are independent of deficits of social functions or cognition. Importantly, atypical visual perception in ASD may enhance difficulties in dealing with complex and subtle social stimuli, or improve outstanding abilities in certain fields in individuals with Savant syndrome. Thus, future research is required to elucidate the characteristics and neurobiology of autistic visual perception to effectively apply these findings in the interventions of ASD.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2005

In accordance with the rapid growth of digital media in 1990s, the state of indetermination that is found in digital process has been emphasized in the field of natural science and philosophy. Digitalized space design has been dramatically developed and it raised heated debate and comment on 'folded space' The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the cognitive-ecological factors constitute fold structures in space design of the late 20th century. Syntax of space structure and geometric composition were analyzed to define what types of cognitive-ecological factors are contrived in the process of visual information. In particular, I put higher theoretical emphasis on what characteristics are ensued in the process of structuring spaces than any other subjects. Through theses analyses and discussions, I raised questions on what principles are operating to create new space design that counts on non-linear structure and its formational process. And I also observed what influences these structural principles of design could fundamentally bring to human beings. First, I proposed that we could overcome reductionist space design through cognitive-ecological approach. Some key concepts such as affordance, parallel processing, and redundancy were adopted as defining elements of non-linear structures. As a result of analyses, I found that the cognitive-ecological approach could substitute the reductionist space design of the past. What is also found is that the three variables are the ultimate ecological elements. In addition, as a methodological concept of fold structures, the form of 'topology' was highlighted because it could be a supporting idea to the cognitive-ecological factors. Second, I claimed that non-linear design is more experiential than rational linear design, and it is more efficiently correspondent to human being than any other forms. What is intended and implied in non-linear structure is also indicated.