• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

Purpose: Though Korean healthcare services have been upgraded, infection and fire had been broken out in general hospitals. And higher concerns about quality assessment made it to clinical laboratory design guideline studies. So, this study investigates the facilities, equipment and personnel of laboratory medicine focusing on more than five hundred fifty bed hospital, and contributes to make guidelines for safety and efficiency in lab. Methods: Questionnaires to supervisor technologist and field surveys to medical laboratories in korean hospitals have been conducted for the data collection. 16 answers have been analysed statistically by MS Excel program. Results: Most of the sample tests such as hematology, clinical chemistry, immunology, transfusion, urinalysis, microbiology and molecular diagnosis are performed by more than 80% in large sized general hospital laboratory. In the test methods, automatic analyzers are used up to 80%, total laboratory automation up to 43% in clinical chemistry and immunology, and manual tests in all sorts of the test. There are placed in single lab or two and three labs above the ground, which are all in semi-open lab. There is some correlation with the number of specimens and the number of lab people depending on the number of hospital beds. Laboratory environment shows that work distance is good, but evacuation path width, visibility, separation of staff area from automatic analyzer, and equipment installations are needed to have more spaces and gears. Most of the infection controls are equipped with mechanical ventilation, air-conditioning, washbasin and wastewater separation, BSC installation and negative pressure lab room. Implications: Although the laboratory space area is calculated considering the number of hospital beds, type of tests and number of staff, hospital's expertise and the samples numbers per year should be taken into account in the planning of the hospital.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.228-241
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• 2021

This study verified the performance change of a LiDAR when it detects road signs, which are potential cooperation targets for an autonomous vehicle. In particular, road signs of different colors and materials were produced and tested in controlled rainfall on the real road environment. The NPC and intensity were selected as the performance indicators, and a T-Test was used for comparison. The study results show that the performance of LiDAR for the detection of road signs was reduced with the increase of rainfall. The degradation of performance in retroreflective sheets was lesser than painted road signs, but at the amount of 40 mm/h or more, the detection performance of retroreflective sheets deteriorates to an extent that data cannot be collected. The performance level of black paint was lower than that of other colors on a clear day. In addition, the white sheet was most sensitively degraded with the increase in precipitation. These performance verification results are expected to be utilized in the manufacturing of road facilities that improve the visibility of sensors in the future.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a nomogram for predicting difficulty in peripheral intravenous cannulation (DPIVC) for adult inpatients. Methods: This study conducted a secondary analysis of data from the intravenous cannulation cohort by intravenous specialist nurses at a tertiary hospital in Seoul. Overall, 504 patients were included; of these, 166 (32.9%) patients with failed cannulation in the first intravenous cannulation attempt were included in the case group, while the remaining 338 patients were included in the control group. The nomogram was built with the identified risk factors using a multiple logistic regression analysis. The model performance was analyzed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plot. Results: Five factors, including vein diameter, vein visibility, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and chemotherapy, were risk factors of DPIVC. The nomogram showed good discrimination with an AUC of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.82) by the sample data and 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.84) by bootstrapping validation. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed a p-value of 0.694, and the calibration curve of the nomogram showed high coherence between the predicted and actual probabilities of DPIVC. Conclusion: This nomogram can be used in clinical practice by nurses to predict DPIVC probability. Future studies are required, including those on factors possibly affecting intravenous cannulation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.276-282
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the performance of 2-dimensional (2D) imaging with microscopy coils in delineating teeth and periodontal tissues compared with conventional 3-dimensional(3D) imaging on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy participants (4 men and 8 women; mean age: 25.6 years; range: 20-52 years) with no dental symptoms were included. The left mandibular first molars and surrounding periodontal tissues were examined using the following 2 sequences: 2D proton density-weighted (PDw) images and 3D enhanced T1 high-resolution isotropic volume excitation (eTHRIVE) images. Two-dimensional MRI images were taken using a 3 T MRI unit and a 47 mm microscopy coil, while 3D MRI imaging used a 3 T MRI unit and head-neck coil. Oral radiologists assessed dental and periodontal structures using a 4-point Likert scale. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was determined using the weighted kappa coefficient. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare 2D-PDw and 3D-eTHRIVE images. Results: Qualitative analysis showed significantly better visualization scores for 2D-PDw imaging than for 3D-eTHRIVE imaging (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). 2D-PDw images provided improved visibility of the tooth, root dental pulp, periodontal ligament, lamina dura, coronal dental pulp, gingiva, and nutrient tract. Inter-observer reliability ranged from moderate agreement to almost perfect agreement, and intra-observer agreement was in a similar range. Conclusion: Two-dimensional-PDw images acquired using a 3 T MRI unit and microscopy coil effectively visualized nearly all aspects of teeth and periodontal tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.401-409
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• 2015

Defects generated in a railroad track that guides the railroad vehicle have the characteristic of growing fast; as such, the detection technology for railroad track defects is very important because defects can eventually cause mass disasters like derailments. In this study, a speed-up test facility was fabricated to investigate the feasibility of using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology for defect detection in a railroad track under speed-up condition; a test was conducted using a railroad track specimen with defects. For this purpose, an MFL sensor head dedicated to the configuration of the railroad was designed and test specimens with artificial defects on their surfaces were manufactured. Using the test facility, a speed-up test ranging from 4km/h to 12km/h was performed and defects including locations were successfully detected from MFL signals induced by defects with enhanced visibility by differentiating raw MFL signals. In the future, it should be possible to apply this system to a high-speed railroad inspection car by improving the lift-off stability that is necessary for speed-up of the developed MFL sensor system.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Visibility is very poor in tunnel fire because of confined space where the fire may easily lead to the mass casuality incident because of fast smoke spread. In this test, air curtain and the fan were installed at rescue station in a bid to make use of rescue station in safe way during the train fire in undersea tunnel and a full-scale fire test was conducted to identify the applicability of air curtain system. Air curtain system was installed at a real rescue station and the test was continued for 2 minutes till heptane which was used as fire source was completely burned out. When air curtain was working, difference in temperature between inside and outside the platform was $160^{\circ}C$ and carbon monoxide measured inside the platform was less than the case of no air curtain system by 160 ppm. Thus a full-scale fire test demonstrated that the air curtain system installed at rescue station in undersea tunnel was able to effectively block the heat and smoke generated from the fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2020

Ahn-heung Proving Ground(APG) of Agency for Defense Development(ADD) is the only weapon test site which has been performing firing tests for many kinds of missile, artillery and ammunition. APG has been performing the firing tests of so many times every year. The tests related to missiles, artillery and ammunitions cover 80% among the quantity of annual test events. The target area of many kinds of missile, artillery and ammunition is on the sea. Therefore, APG has its marine firing ranges which were approved by the ministry of Defense. Both weapons and ships can run into each other on the sea. APG has to monitor and detect the positions of the ships in the specific dangerous zone on the sea. The positions of the ships are detected by Scanter 2001 radar and GPS100 detection radar. Evading the time period when the ships appear very often on the sea may be a good solution to keep the maritime safety. And evading the place where the ships appear very often on the sea may be a good solution as well. This paper is to analyze the ships' distribution characteristics of marine firing range, which are to raise the efficiency of many kinds firing tests which have been performed in APG of ADD. Ship distribution data from February 2014 to December 2016 were used in this paper. Ship distribution was analyzed with monthly data, seasonal data and etc. The number of the ships in approved sea area is higher in the morning than in the afternoon, and in fall than other seasons, and from August to November, and below 0.5 m in the hight of wave. Using the these conditions, we can raise the test efficiency of many kinds firing tests and guarantee maritime safety. The number of the ships in approved sea area is entirely unrelated to visibility of the sea. The time period when the number of the ships are high on the sea is morning. The season when the number of the ships are comparatively high on the sea is fall. APG of ADD could raise the efficiency of the firing tests and improve the maritime safety, using the analysis results of the characteristics on the ship distribution.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Although traffic information has been actively analyzed using big data, it has not been used as much with the consideration of driver characteristics. Among the various types of information, road signs can directly affect the driver. Road signs must provide the optimal information that enables drivers to reach their destinations with ease as well as information suitable for navigation systems. However, present road sign rules provide standardized information, regardless of the road type or size. This study suggests a method for providing road information that will help drivers determine their behavior. First, the minimum character size that can be used on a road sign for each design speed was obtained with respect to the visibility and decipherability of a road sign. Instead of conventional diagram-based direction guidance, a scenario using split-based direction guidance was created. To verify the effectiveness of the provided information, a three-dimensional simulated road environment was constructed, and a driving simulator was used for the test. At a simple plane intersection, the driver was not greatly influenced by directional guidance, but at a complex, three-dimensional intersection, the driver preferred summary-based directional guidance, which is instinctive guidance, over diagram-based guidance. On the basis of the test results, a secondary verification test that applied split-based guidance at a three-dimensional intersection confirmed that the driver had no problems in making decisions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2021

Evaluation of the resected margins of the frozen section during breast-conserving surgery can determine the presence of cancer cells in a short time and have a significant impact on the scope of surgery and the prognosis of the patient. However, breast tissue is composed of adipose tissue, which affects the accuracy of the test. In this study, a new method was applied to the resected surface of the frozen section in which wiping the surface of the frozen section block with alcohol was expected to expose the parenchyma to the surface as the adipose tissue would melt momentarily. Indeed, of the total of 98 cases, 37 cases showed a better exposure ratio of the parenchyma in the improved frozen section test than in the previous frozen section test. Of the 37 cases with increased visibility of parenchymal sections obtained by this method, two cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were detected. Although there are limitations such as turnaround time (TAT), the diagnostic accuracy of histopathologic examination of the frozen section may improve through this method and may have a direct impact on patient safety, and should therefore be researched further.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.655-665
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• 2022

This study evaluated the validity of a newly developed mobility protocol examining the comfort functions and requirements of personal protective equipment (PPE) for COVID-19 healthcare workers. Eight males (age: 24.7 ± 3.0 y, height: 173.4 ± 2.3 cm, and body weight 69.9 ± 3.7 kg) participated in the following three PPE conditions: (1) Plastic gown ensemble, (2) Level D ensemble, and (3) Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) ensemble. The mobility protocol consisted of 10 different tasks in addition to donning and doffing. The 10 tasks were repeated twice at an air temperature of 25oC with 74% RH. The results showed significant differences among the three PPE conditions in mean skin temperature, local skin temperatures (the forehead, thigh, calf, and foot), clothing microclimate (the chest and back), thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and humidity sensation, while there were no significant differences in heart rate or total sweat rate. At rest, the subjects felt less warm and more comfortable in the PAPR than in the Level D condition (P<0.05). However, subjective perceptions in the PAPR and Level D conditions became similar as the tasks progressed and mean skin and leg temperature became greater for the PAPR than the Level D condition (P<0.05). An interview was conducted just after completing the mobility test protocol, and suggestions for improving each PPE item were obtained. To sum up, the mobility test protocol was valid for evaluating the comfort functions of PPE for healthcare workers and obtaining requirements for improving the mobility of each PPE item.