• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2008

The antioxidative activity of various enzymatic extracts from leaves of Perilla frutescens var. japonica was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, and alkyl radical scavenging activity using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. For this study, the leaves were enzymatically hydrolyzed by 8 carbohydrases (Dextrozyme, AMG, Promozyme, Maltogenase, Termamyl, Viscozyme, Celluclast, and BAN) and 9 proteases [Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex, Alcalase, PP-trypsin (trypsin from porcine pancreas), papain, pepsin, $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and BP-trypsin (trypsin from bovine pancreas)]. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of Promozyme and Alcalase extracts were the highest, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 77.25 and $109.66\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All enzymatic extracts of the leaves scavenged hydroxyl radical, and the $IC_{50}$ values of Celluclast and pepsin extracts which were the highest activity were 243.34 and $241.86\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The BAN and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin extracts showed the highest scavenging activities, and the $IC_{50}$ values were 21.13 and $33.23\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The pepsin extracts from the leaves showed protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. In addition, the pepsin extracts decreased cell death in PC-12 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage. The findings of the present study suggest that enzymatic extracts of the leaves possess antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.658-664
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• 2004

To find a new utilization of rice bran, nine higher fungi were examined for the production of exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity from rice bran. Among the exo-biopolymers produced from submerged cultures, Lentinus edodes showed the highest activity, followed by Grifola frondosa, Schizophyllum commune, and Coriolus versicolor. L. edodes also had the most potent macrophage stimulating activity in a liquid culture rather than in a solid culture. In order to improve rice bran utilization and the yield of exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity, the treatment of Rapidase effectively increased the macrophage stimulating activity (about 30% increase), whereas the other enzymes (Econase, Viscozyme, Ultraflo, Celluclast, and Thermylase) treatments did not increase the macrophage stimulating activity. Exo-biopolymer with macrophage stimulating activity from L. edodes contained mainly neutral sugars (58.7%) with considerable amounts of uronic acid (32.2%) and a small amount of proteins (9.1%). Component sugars of exo-biopolymer consisted of mainly arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and xylose (0.95:0.81:0.96:1.00:0.39, respectively). When the exo-biopolymer was treated with $NaIO_4, NaClO_2$, and pronase, the $NaClO_2$ treatment and pronase digestion had little effect, whereas $NaIO_4$ oxidation significantly decreased the macrophage stimulating activity (47.6% reduction at $100\mug/ml$). Therefore, the carbohydrate moiety in exo-biopolymer from L. edodes plays an important role in the expression of the macrophage stimulating activity.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2013

To evaluate utilization of persimmon peels as novel bio-materials, the general composition and antioxidant activities of Daebong persimmon vinegar (DPV), Daebong persimmon peel vinegar (DPPV) and commercial persimmon vinegar (CPV) were investigated. The pH of DPPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The titratable acidities of vinegars were 3.24% (DPV), 2.77% (DPPV) and 7.78% (CPV), respectively. The reducing sugar contents showed that DPV had slightly higher than that of other vinegars. The browning degree of DPV was lower than CPV in contrast to the turbidity. The results of Hunter's color value have showed that overall values of CPV had significantly higher than DPPV and DPV. The total phenolic contents of DPV and CPV were 19.49 and 17.13 mg/100g GAE, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of DPPV (8.04 mg/100g CE) were two fold higher than that of DPV (3.85 mg/100g CE). The antioxidant activities, by DPPH and FRAP assays, of DPV showed stronger than those of other vinegars. Free sugars were mainly composed of fructose and glucose. Organic acids were presented in the order acetic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and oxalic acid. These results suggest that the Daebong persimmon peels could be utilized for vinegar production as a health-benefit material.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

Background: In this study, we examined the effects of various enzymes on chemical conversions of ginsenosides in ginseng extract prepared by amylases. Methods: Rapidase, Econase CE, Viscozyme, Ultraflo L, and Cytolase PCL5 were used for secondary enzymatic hydrolysis after amylase treatment of ginseng extract, and ginsenoside contents, skin permeability, and chemical compositions including total sugar, acidic polysaccharide, and polyphenols were determined on the hydrolyzed ginseng extract. Results: Rapidase treatment significantly elevated total ginsenoside contents compared with the control (p < 0.05). In particular, deglycosylated ginsenosides including Rg3, which are known as bioactive compounds, were significantly increased after Rapidase treatment (p < 0.05). The Rapidase-treated group also increased the skin permeability of polyphenols compared with the control, showing the highest level of total sugar content among the enzyme treatment groups. Conclusion: This result showed that Rapidase induced the conversion of ginsenoside glycosides to aglycones. Meanwhile, Cytolase PCL5 and Econase treatments led to a significant increase of uronic acid (acidic polysaccharide) level. Taken together, our data showed that the treatments of enzymes including Rapidase are useful for the conversion and increase of ginsenosides in ginseng extracts or products.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2017

본 연구는 불등풀가사리로부터 분리된 조다당류와 산가수분해된 다당류의 분자량에 따른 이화학적 품질특성과 항산화 활성 및 피부 주름 개선 효과를 확인하였다. 산가수분해 분자량별 다당류의 수율은 100 kDa 이상에서 29.6%로 가장 높았으며, 10 kDa 이하에서 10.4%로 가장 낮았다. 이화학적 특성으로 총당, uronic acid, sulfate 함량은 100 kDa 이상에서 각각 85.82%, 32.85 g/100g 및 39.04%로 조다당에 비해 증가하였다. 색도은 분자량이 증가함에 따라 L 값, a 값 및 b 값이 감소하였으며, 점도는 분자량이 높을수록 증가하였다. ORAC 활성은 100 kDa 이상에서 $180.07{\mu}M$을 나타내어 조다당 $34.70{\mu}M$에 비해 항산화활성이 우수하였다. L132 세포 사멸에 대한 보호효과는 $H_2O_2$ 처리 구간대비 분자량 100 kDa 이상($0.5-5{\mu}g/mL$)에서 87.34-103.85%로 세포 활성이 증가하여 세포 보호효과를 나타내었다. MMP-1 활성은 세포에 UVB를 조사한 후 분자량 100 kDa 이상 $0.05-0.5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 69.67-100.87%의 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, pro-collagen 생합성 역시 UVB를 조사한 후 분자량 100 kDa 이상 $0.05-0.5{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 64.91-77.80%의 합성능을 나타내어 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서, 불등풀가사리 유래 산가수분해된 다당류의 분자량에 따른 주름 개선 효과를 통해 피부 항노화 기능성 소재로 다양하게 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1999

Various conditions for onion-juice production, and for alcohol and acetic acid fermemtations were investigated to produce a vinegar from onion. In the production of the onion juice, treatments with enzymes such as 0.6% Celluclast 1.5L and 0.2% Viscozyme L increased the yields significantly from 45.0% to 54.5% and 72.5%, respectively. Alcohol and acetic acid fermentations from the onion juice were effectively improved by using the onion juice heated at 80$^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and by adding 0.3% yeast extract, 0.3% $MgSO_4$ and 0.3% $K_3PO_4$ as nutrients to the onion juice. At the optimum condition, 5.8% alcohol was produced after five days of fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ from the 14 Brix onion juice, which was adjusted by adding sugar. A vinegar with 6.7% acetic acid content was produced after 20 days of fermentation of $30^{\circ}C$ from 4% alcohol that was adjusted by adding onion juice.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.579-583
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• 2009

The effects of cell lytic enzyme treatment on total phenolic content, antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of lotus leaf were investigated. The dried lotus leaves were hydroyzed by cell lytic enzymes such as Promozyme, Ceremix, Pectinex, Ultraflo, Celluclast, Pentopan, Tunicase, Viscozyme at their optimum pHs (pH 5-8) at $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs. Depending on the enzymes used, total phenolic compounds content was measured as $1,079-1,476{\mu}g$/mL, and antioxidant activities and whitening activities were increased by 5~10% and 20%, respectively Among the tested hydrolytic enzymes, Promozyme (pullulanase) was selected as the most suitable enzyme for the extraction of total polyphenol from lotus leaf. The optimal dosage of Promozyme were found to be 1-2% (w/w). By Promozyme treatment, total phenolic compounds content of the lotus extract significantly increased compared to the extraction without enzyme treatment.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2010년도 추계학술발표논문집 2부
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• pp.744-747
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 제주산 블루베리의 항산화활성을 알아보기 위하여 블루베리로부터 에탄올과 효소적 가수분해를 이용하여 각각의 추출물을 제조한 후 이들로부터 활성산소종의 소거활성을 측정하였다. 여기에서 효소 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물이 추출수율은 낮았으나, 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH radical 소거활성이 모두 높게 나타났다. 특히 70% 에탄올 추출물은 효소추출물보다 폴리페놀 함량은 1000 mg 이상 높게 나타났으며, DPPH radical 소거활성은 125 ${\mu}g$/mL sample로 측정하였을 때에 크게는 53%작게는 27%높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of citrus peel extracts with different hot water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also employed using Viscozyme L and results were compared with that of optimized hot water extract. Hot water extraction was performed under different parameters; the sample to solvent ratio(1:20, 1:15, 1:10), extraction time(2, 4 hrs), extraction temperature(85, $95^{\circ}C$) and enzymatic hydrolysis(0, 1%) and the subsequent extracts were used for determining their physicochemical properties, such as total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and electron donating ability (EDA). With the increase in the sample to solvent ratio and extraction time, total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA increased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the hot water extract. As hot water extract was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, total yield and active ingredients increased rapidly. In the result of total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA, the activity of enzyme-treated extract was higher than those of enzyme-untreated extract. Based upon the overall hot water extraction efficiency, it was found that 20 times volume or 120 min at a time at $95^{\circ}C$ after enzyme treatment was optimal.

• ALGAE
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2011

Fermentation and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improve nutritional and functional properties of foods by increasing the extraction of active compounds, ingestion rates, and body absorption. In this study, we investigated whether applying the EAE process improves the extraction and isolation efficiency of a polysaccharide from fermented Ecklonia cava (FE), which inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the FE using the fungi Candida utilis and two different bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased protein and carbohydrate contents in comparison with those in non-fermented E. cava (NE). Aqueous extracts of fermented E. cava increased extraction yields and carbohydrate content, compared with the aqueous extract of NE. In addition, treating LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with aqueous extracts resulted in reduced NO production compared to that in LPS-treated cells. Ten EAEs of L. brevis-fermented E. cava (LFE) improved NO inhibitory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and the Viscozyme extract (VLFE) from the resulting extracts showed the highest NO inhibitory effect. We found that the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE led to markedly high inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as compared to that in the <30 kDa fraction. The crude polysaccharide isolated from >30 kDa fraction (VLFEP) consisted of fucose and markedly decreased NO production induced by LPS stimulation. VLFEP could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress macrophage activation.